Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Turgenev. Imisebenzi ye Turgenev

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wazalwa kwintsapho elunge 1818. Kufuneka Kuthiwa kule ndawo wafika phantse bonke ababhali ezinkulu Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Turgenev.

abazali

Okuqaphelekayo kukuba abazali omaziyo Ivan. Ngowe-1815 Spassky bafika nankosi uselula yaye eyinzwana Sergei Turgenev. Varvara Petrovna (unina zombhali), wenza nomvakalelo womoya onamandla. Ngokutsho kufutshane ababephila okusingqongileyo, uBarbara wandixelela ukuba sidlule umhlobo Sergei, ukuba wenza umnikelo ngokusesikweni, kwaye wavuma ngokukhawuleza. Ubukhulu becala ke umtshato lula. Turgenev fanele ukuya wabanumzana, waba ligorha imfazwe, kwaye Varvara Petrovna waba intywenka enkulu.

Relations kusapho elisanda uyisekile baba bumuncu. Sergei akazange bazame uphikise yinkosikazi ozimeleyo zonke izimo zabo. Indlu uba Uko ebalulekileyo ayifiki ukuzidambisa usi efanayo. Inye kuphela abatshati ekuvunyelwene - ukuze banike abantwana babo imfundo engcono. Kwaye oku sizilibazise iinzame okanye imali.

Ukufudukela eMoscow

Kungenxa yoko le nto intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eMoscow ngo-1927. Nangona iingangamsha abazizityebi ukuthumela abantwana babo kuphela kwizikolo zabucala. Oko Ivan oselula Sergeevich Turgenev wathunyelwa kwisikolo sokubhoda kwi-Armenian Institute, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva wafudukela kwibhodi Veydengammersky. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko ndagxothwa apho, yaye abazali sele iza kwenziwa iinzame ukuba amalungiselelo unyana naliphi na iziko. Ukulungiselela eyunivesithi, umbhali elizayo kwaqhubeka ekhaya kunye tutors zabucala.

Learning

Ekubeni wangena University of Moscow, uIvan wafunda khona kangangonyaka. Ngowe-1834 wafudukela kunye nomkhuluwa wakhe noyise eSt Petersburg mazigqithiselwe kwisikolo esikufutshane. I Turgenev oselula kweminyaka emibini kamva. Kodwa elizayo kusoloko kusenokwenzeka ukukhankanya University of Moscow, samenza kukhetha omkhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-St Petersburg Institute yayisaziwa ngokuba kweliso yayo engqongqo abafundi ngurhulumente. E Moscow, kwakungekho ulawulo, kwaye abafundi inkululeko-bothando abaneliseka kakhulu.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Sinokuthi umsebenzi Turgenev, yaqala iintsuku eyunivesithi. Nangona Ivan Sergeyevich akazange ungathanda ukucinga malunga imifuniselo zoncwadi ngelo xesha. kokuqwalasela-40 ekuqaleni umsebenzi bakhe bokubhala. Ngoko ke, inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe emfundo kakuhle kuthi yaye abazange bafumane komsebenzi. Xa sicingela ukuba Turgenev bafuna artist, wenza into ekunene: iisampuli ekhoyo imisebenzi yakhe ngelo xesha kuba kudidi yokuqeqeshelwa zoncwadi. Inzala ukuze kuphela mbali uncwadi kwaye abo bafuna ukuqonda ukuqalisa njani umsebenzi Turgenev, nendlela nokulolonga italente yakhe zoncwadi.

lwaya-bulumko

Kwi-30 phakathi kwexesha, uIvan Sergeyevich wabhala kakhulu ukuphucula izakhono zokubhala. Kolunye imisebenzi yakhe wafumana Critical Review of Belinsky. Esi siganeko nempembelelo enkulu kumsebenzi Turgenev, ngokufutshane apha kweli nqaku. Ngapha koko, akuzange kube nje ukuba umgxeki enkulu zilungiswe iimpazamo incasa umbhali "green" ongenamava. Ivan Sergeyevich watshintsha iimbono zakhe nje kuphela zobugcisa, kodwa nobomi. Ngokusebenzisa ukuqhaphela nohlalutyo, wagqiba ukufunda eyenzekayo zonke sizifihla yayo. Ngoko ke, ukongezelela izinto yoncwadi, Turgenev waba nomdla bulumko, kangangokuba nzulu ukuba ingcamango a sobuprofesa kwisebe nayiphi eyunivesithi. Umnqweno ukutsala eli candelo lwazi kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni wesithathu kwi akhawunti eyunivesithi - Berlin. Kwizithuba elide, wahlala khona malunga neminyaka emibini kwaye bafunda kakuhle kakhulu imisebenzi Hegel kunye Feuerbach.

Impumelelo lokuqala

Kwiminyaka 1838-1842 uyilo Turgenev akazange kwahluka umsebenzi lusilwa. Wabhala kancinane, kwaye ubukhulu becala nje lyrics. imibongo Uye ashicilelwe akazange ukutsala nayiphi na ingqalelo abagxeki okanye abafundi. Kulo mba, uIvan Sergeyevich wagqiba ekubeni achithe ixesha elininzi neentlobo ezifana idrama umbongo. Impumelelo yokuqala kule nkalo weza kuye ngoAprili 1843, xa kushicilelwa "njengekhephu asandula iwile." Kwinyanga kamva "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" sokuhlolwa yakhe laudatory Belinsky yanyatheliswa.

Enyanisweni, lo mbongo ayikho yokuqala. Iyamangalisa ukuba Bulelani kuphela ukubuyiswa Belinsky. Nakuninzi ukubuyekeza bathi akukho kakhulu ngalo mbongo, njengoko italente Turgenev. Kodwa Belinsky okulungileyo, wabona nje umbhali oselula izakhono zokubhala ebalaseleyo.

Xa ufunda uphononongo Ivan Sergeyevich, kumbangela akukho uvuyo, kodwa kunokuba neentloni. Oku kungenxa amathandabuzo malunga ukuchaneka ukukhetha umsebenzi wabo. Bona bemgxeka umbhali ukususela-40 zokuqala. Kodwa nqaku emqinisekisa kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba zinyuse izinga imisebenzi yabo. Ukususela ngoko, umsebenzi Turgenev, ngokufutshane esichazwe kwiprogram yesikolo, safumana sibangela ezongezelelweyo wenyuka intaba. Ivan Sergeyevich waziva uxanduva abagxeki, abafundi kunye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ngokwabo. Ngoko ke wasebenza nzima ukuphucula izakhono zokubhala.

ukumbamba

Ngowe-1852 Gogol wafa. Esi siganeko bachaphazeleka kakhulu ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Turgenev. Kwaye ayikho kumava ngokweemvakalelo. Ivan S. wabhala kumsitho inqaku elithi "ashushu". IKomiti yokuhlolwa Petersburg kwavalwa oko, obiza umbhali "lackey" Gogol kaThixo. Ke Ivan S. posted inqaku e Moscow, apho imigudu abahlobo bakhe ukuba yashicilelwa. Ngoko nangoko uphando, apho athi Turgenev kunye nabahlobo bakhe ukuba ityala kurhulumente yesiphithiphithi. Ivan Sergeyevich wafumana iinyanga entolongweni, kulandele ukugxothwa kwilizwe lakhe phantsi kweliso. Bonke abantu baqonda ukuba inqaku kuphela ibhaxa, kodwa umyalelo ovela phezulu. Hi ndlela leyi, ebudeni 'ukukhululwa kwakhe, "umbhali waya ejikelezayo elinye lamabali akhe. Wayivathisa umbhalo kwiqweqwe lencwadi nganye, "Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev" Bezhin engcotyeni. "

Emva kokukhululwa, umbhali waya ekuthinjweni kwilali Spassky. Apho wachitha phantse isiqingatha sonyaka. Ekuqaleni, akukho enokulufaka kuye; kanjalo wokuzingela okanye ingqondo yemveli. Wabhala encinane kakhulu. Ngaloo zincwadi mihla Ivan Sergeyevich lwaphuphuma izikhalazo ubulolo kwaye ecela okwethutyana beze kumtyelela. Wacela abazalwana ubugcisa ethanda ukumbona, ngenxa yokuba ndaziva nidinga ukunxibelelana. Ke kaloku, kwakukho izinto ezilungileyo. Njengoko ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ubuchule Turgenev, ke ngelo xesha umbhali Wamitha ingcamango lokubhala "Ooyise and Sons." Makhe sithethe lo msebenzi wobugcisa.

"Ooyise and Sons"

Emva kokuba ncwadi ngo-1862, lo inoveli yabangela impikiswano eshushu kakhulu kuyo inkoliso abafundi babiza Turgenev mva. Le mpikiswano esaba umbhali. Wayekholelwa ukuba singabi nako ukufumana ukuqonda mutual kunye kubafundi abaselula. Yaye eneneni oko sibhekiswe imveliso. Ngokubanzi, amaxesha kunzima abanamava ubuchule Turgenev. "Ooyise and Sons" na unobangela. Njengoko lo career yokubhala yokuqala, Ivan Sergeyevich yathandabuza umsebenzi wakhe.

Ngeli xesha ke wabhala inoveli "Ghosts", eliveza ngokupheleleyo iingcamango zakhe namathandabuzo. Turgenev wayesithi ukuyila zoncwadi ayinamandla phambi iimfihlelo lokuqonda ngabantu. Kwaye apha ebalini "Kuhle" ngokubanzi yambuza ukuba nempumelelo umsebenzi ngamnye ukuze kuxhamle uluntu. Bacinge ukuba of Ivan Sergeyevich ndandingasakwazi ukunyamekela malunga nempumelelo uluntu, yaye uye ukucinga kokuphela kolawulo zombhali. Tshintsha ingqondo yakho Turgenev wanceda umsebenzi Pushkin. Ivan Sergeyevich ufunda iingxoxo kwezimvo imbongi elikhulu malunga nokulumkisa uluntu: "Ukuba akwenzeki njalo, abaninzi kabini, kwaye uxhomekeke eziqhubekayo fashion. Kodwa ke imbongi lokwenyaniso isoloko ithetha ukuba abaphulaphuli bakho, ukuze amkhulule; kusengaphambili. umsebenzi wayo - ziveze ezilungileyo kuyo ".

isiphelo

Siye sahlolisisa ubomi usebenze Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva. Ukususela ngelo xesha, iRussia litshintshile kakhulu. Yonke ukuba umbhali aye wayibonisa imisebenzi yakhe ongaphambili, ekhohlo kwixa elidluleyo kude. Akusekho uninzi ngamafa Manor ifunyanwa kumaphepha yemisebenzi yombhali. Kwaye umxholo abaqeshisi ububi kunye izikhulu alisenayo iimeko zentlalo. Kwaye ilali Russian ngoku eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Noko ke, bayahlelwa amaqhawe belo xesha kuqhubeka ukubangela umfundi banamhlanje umdla wokwenene. Kubonakala ukuba yonke into wamthiya Ivan Sergeyevich, kwaye ezithiyekileyo kuthi. Yaye oko akubona ukuba kulungile olunjalo, yaye ukususela umbono wethu. Kakade ke, asinakukwazi bayavumelana umbhali, kodwa akakho umntu sixambulisane nesibakala sokuba umsebenzi Turgenev ayikho ixesha.