U-Natalia Ryazantseva: isithombe, ubugcisa, ifilimu

U-Natalia Ryazantseva wayehlala ebonakala njengomnye wabantu abangabonakaliyo nabasigcinwe kwi-cinema yaseSoviet. Lo ngumlobi omkhulu kunamhlanje, evela kwipeni lakhe iimpikethi zeefilimu ezinjengesithi "Iintsuku", "Usuku Lomzali", "Iincwadi Zobunzima", "Iifoto zomfazi womculi" zazalwa. Enye yemisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela yayiyi-script yefilimu "Imililo ye-brothel," eye yahlolwa ngo-2011. Nangona italente enkulu kakhulu yombhali kunye nomgcini-mfanekiso, uNatalika Ryazantseva, umfanekiso wakhe oza kuboniswa kwinqaku lethu, wayehlala ekhangelelwa ngabaphulaphuli abaninzi ngobomi bakhe. Lo mfazi wayenemitshato emibili esemthethweni, zombini amaxesha athandekileyo ayengumkhokeli wabalawuli baseRashiya - indoda yakhe yokuqala yayinguG. Shpalikov, kwaye eyesibili yaba ngu-I. Averbakh. Kwaye iminyaka emininzi wayengumhlobo othembekileyo kunye nomnxibelelanisi omnye wezona zifilosofi ezinkulu kakhulu - uMerab Mamardashvili.

Natalia Ryazantseva: Biography

Akumangalisi ukuba lo wesifazane unomfanekiso ongaqondakaliyo. Ngethuba lethu lobuchwepheshe beenkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nokufikelela okuvulelekileyo kuzo zonke iindidi zedata, akulula ukufumana ulwazi oluthe nkcukacha malunga nolwazi lwakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuba wazalwa ngowe-1938. U-Natalia Ryazantseva unguMuscovite wasekuhlaleni, wachitha yonke into yobuntwaneni bakhe kunye nentsha. Kuyaziwa ukuba intsapho yengomso wesikrini ezayo ifundiswe kwaye iyingqiqo, umkhulu wakhe-uSergei Rzhevsky - ngelo xesha yayingumlawuli weengingqi ezininzi, kuquka uRyazan, iTambov neSimbirsk.

Ekubeni sele engumfazi omdala, u-Natalia Ryazantseva kwintliwano-ndlebe yakhe ngokuphindaphindiweyo uyazikhumbula ngokuzikhukhumeza iingcambu zakhe ezintle. Kwaye nakumaxesha eSoviet, ekuphakameni kobukhomanisi, wathi wayehlala eqhayisa ngemvelaphi yakhe, eyayikude neyokusebenza. Isikhundla esifanayo salandelwa ngumyeni wakhe wesibini - u-Ilya Averbakh, obomi bakhe bonke bephupha ngokubeka i- "White Guard". Ngesinye isikhathi, xa wadibana nomlobi u-V. Nekrasov kwimoya engafanelekanga, wamemezela ngokukratshi ukuba wayengumgcini we-White Guard.

Imfundo ifunyenwe

Ngowe-1962, waphumelela ekugqibeleni kwiVGIK, oko kukuthi i-faculty yayo. Ngeli xesha, njengomfundi, uNatalika Ryazantseva wadibana nendoda yakhe yokuqala yonyaka - uGennady Shpalikov, oza kuthiwa ekugqibeleni kuthiwa nguyena mgcini-mgcini-mgcini kunye nomculi womculo we-sixties. Phantse kwiminyaka engama-20 kamva, ekubeni ngu-screenwriter owaziwayo, uNataliya wabuyela kwi-VGIK yakhe yasekhaya, kodwa sele sele engomnye wabafundisi abanamandla kunazo zonke zobugcisa bokubhala.

Umsebenzi obunzima

Kwi-cinema, kukho phantse kukho ukungabi nabulungisa ngokuqhelekileyo: xa ifilimu ekhangayo iphuma kwizikrini, ukuthandwa kubadlali abadlala iindima eziphambili. Kwakhona, abaphulaphuli bavame ukuvunywa njengomlawuli. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abanomdla kubalobi beempendulo abazalela ingcamango ephambili, isakhiwo kunye neengxoxo zabo bonke abalinganiswa kule filimu. Ininzi yabalobi besikripthi, i-alas, ihlala emthunzini. Kodwa u-Natalia Ryazantseva ungumlobi wesikrini, umbhali onetalente okwazi ukuphepha ukulibala. Kwingqungquthela ye-cinematic, umsebenzi wakhe uyayixabisa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye yena ngokwakhe unelungelo elingenakunyakaziswa njengengcali engathandabuzekiyo.

Ngokomzekelo, uSergei Solovyov kwintetho yokuqala ethi "Izwi" uthi uNatalia Ryazantseva ungumbhalo obhaliweyo onokuyibhala kwaye aphinde abhale kwakhona intetho ephindaphindiweyo kuze kube yilapho ehamba phantsi komdlali othile, umlawuli, nokuba Imiqathango yokufayiliza. Ukuze ufumane amanqaku aphezulu phakathi koogxa, uNataliya kwafuneka abhale imisebenzi emangalisayo.

Ngesihlandlo sokuqala njengomgcini we-screenwriter, wenza i-start-start yakhe engekho kwifilimu. Emva koko waba ngumbonisi wesikrini se-Zastava Ilyich kwaye wayedlala enye yeendima kuyo. Ngelishwa, eli phephancwadi alikwazanga ukumelana neChrushchev, inguqu yakhe epheleleyo yaboniswa kwizikrini ezininzi emva kweminyaka engama-80.

Emva koko, uRyazantseva Natalia Borisovna waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wokudala kwaye ngo-1966, ngokubhaliweyo kunye no-V. Yezhov, wabhala isicatshulwa sefilimu "Iindiza".

Ifilimu

Ukongeza kwiifilimu ezikhankanyiweyo kakade, uRyazantseva ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo wabhala iimpendulo zeetope ezifana nale:

• "I-Scarlet Flower";
• "Iileta zangaphandle";
• "Ixesha elide libonayo";
• "Vula incwadi";
• "Ndikhululekile, andinguye";
• "Umzobo womfazi womculi";
• "Izwi";
• "Usuku lomzali";
• "Isithunzi";
• "Akukho mntu wayefuna ukuhamba."

Ingqikithi, emva kokubhalwa ngo-1966, "iindwangu" ezisuka kwipeni laseRyazantseva zafika iziganeko ezili-16.

Ubudlelwane namadoda

Abo baziyo uNataliya ngokusondeleyo, bathi ubunzulu obunzulu kwaye ubhekisela kulolo hlobo olunqabileyo lomntu onamandla okuba novelwano. Unalo uhlobo olumnandi lombane, kuba ubona izinto ezininzi ezingaqondakaliyo kwaye zingabonwa ngabanye. U-Ryazantseva uvavanya yonke into ngokuchanekileyo, engabonakaliyo kwaye engenangqondo kwaye ngaloo ndlela udala umntu onzima. Abaninzi bayiphatha ngokungazenzisiyo ngokuzikhukhumeza. Ukususela kuNatalia Borisovna ngumntu odala, kuwo wonke umntu ukhangele umboniso weqhawe elifanelekileyo kwiimeko zakhe kwaye ucinga ngabantu ngokubhekiselele ekubeni ubunjani obu bomi bokuba lunomdla wokwakha umfanekiso ozayo. Kuyacaca ukuba akuyi kuba lula kumntu ukuba aphile nomfazi onjalo. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abantu bathi uNataliya udala umboniso womntu ohlala egxininiswe kwinto ethile kwaye ahlanjululwe kancinane kwinto ejikelezayo.

Ekuboneni kokuqala, kunokubonakala ngathi umntu onjalo akanako ukufumana ibini elihlala lihlala kuyo. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo uNatalie wayehlala engummangaliso kubantu, okwakungenakwenzeka ukuba afikelele ekugqibeleni, okwakubangele kuye.

Imbali yomtshato wokuqala

Ukhetho lokuqala lo wesifazane obulalayo ngumfundi uSpalikov, ekugqibeleni waba ngumntu owaziwayo kwi-Soviet Union kunye nomlawuli.

Abantu abaselula bajonga ingqalelo kwiLeningrad, apho bancitshiswa khona ngamathuba. UGennady Shpalikov noNatalia Ryazantseva, ekubeni bevalelwa nje ngovelwano, kodwa kunye nobudlelwane abathile, batshata ngokukhawuleza. Emva kwexesha, uRyazantseva ubhala kwiimemori zakhe ezingenakuthanda uGennady. Kodwa ngelo xesha iveli yabo yayingeyena umfundi kumqondo weklasi weli binzana. Abantu abaselula bahamba ngokugqithiseleyo baze bagqiba ukulungisa ubudlelwane babo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ixesha. Batshata ngo-1959.

Ubomi babo bebuhle kwaye buvuyo, kodwa umfanekiso oqhelekileyo wawunomdla wokuxhaphazeka. Abafazi babenelisekile nangayiphi na imisebenzi. U-Natalia Ryazantseva uyakhumbula ukuba yena nomyeni wakhe omncinane bavuyiswa ukusebenza nakwiindawo zokuthengisa.

Abahlobo abaninzi babecinga ukuba bebini elifanelekileyo, njengoko isibini esitshatileyo sibonakala siyinyanisekisa: babenetalente, benamandla kwaye baneliseko. Abo babungqina obu buhlobo ba khumbula ukuba uGennady akazange abone umphefumlo kumfazi wakhe, kwaye uNataliya wamphendula ngokulungelelanisa. Ngethuba lexesha, isikhundla sezimali sesi sibini saqala ukuphucula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba iqabane liqale ukubhala ii-movie-hits kwiifilikhi zaseSoviet (umzekelo, nguye umbhali wengoma engummangaliso "kwaye Ndihamba, Ndihamba eMoscow").

Kodwa, ngokumangalisayo, lo mtshato awuzange uhlale ixesha elide, kwaye abantu abatsha baqhawula iminyaka emibini emva komtshato. Bathi isizathu sokuqhawula umtshato nguSppkov's love of drinking, kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu uNataliya wanquma ukuqhawula umtshato.

Iqabane lesibini lomlobi

U-Ilya Averbakh waba ngumntu wesibini uNatalia Ryazantseva watshata ngokusemthethweni. Le ndoda yayaziwa njengomlawuli wefilimu, umgcini we-screenwriter, wayedla ngokuba ngumthi "isithixo sombukeli onengqondo". Batshata ngo-1966 baza bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engama-20. Lo mtshato waphela ngo-1986 ngokufa kukaEliya.

Ubomi bwanamhlanje bomgcini-skrini omkhulu

Ukususela ngo-Ryazantseva waba ngumnye wabafundi abanamakhono abanobuchule nabanamava eSoviet, kwaye emva koko uRussia, i-cinema, bekungekho sikweni xa engazange adlulisele ulwazi lwakhe kwisizukulwana esincinane. Emva kokufa komyeni wakhe, ukususela ngo-1988, u-Natalia Borisovna waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi. Ekuqaleni wafundisa kwiiKomiti eziPhakamileyo zabenzi befilimu kunye nabasesikrinini. Yaye phantse kwiminyaka eyi-10 yaqala ukuqhuba isifundo sayo se-VGIK.