Skull Human. isakhiwo

Ithambo ukakayi iquka ezininzi iintloko, ngokuqinileyo akumanyileyo ezivuzayo. Le Okungumahluko umhlathi ongezantsi. Amathambo ezidityanisiweyo ibekwe amalungu intloko ivumba, yokuva nokubona, kwakunye ebuchotsheni. Bona kwakhona inkxaso lweHo- ngeempumlo amathambo le kwisisu ngomlomo. Oku kubangela ukwahlulwa intamo ukuya amathambo, yaba lukakayi, amathambo yobuso isebe sebe. isebe Ubuchopho ngambini amabini (Parietal kunye temporal) bone, yaye ezine unpaired (ngokungqalileyo, sphenoid, Occipital kunye ethmoid) amathambo. Imilo mgaqweni intamo kuya kuxhomekeka kumlinganiselo yophuhliso izixhobo masticatory kunye nobuchopho ngokwayo.

ithambo Occipital, inxalenye amathambo cranial, ngathi isitya flat. emacaleni zayo lingqongwe enkulu (Occipital) umngxuma okwenza umsebenzi othile ambaxa kwisisu cranial kunye lomsele spinal. Zemibhalo bone ephakathi ngokungqalileyo kunye ithambo Occipital ukuba emazantsi, wokusungula yokakayi. Ubume wethambo iquka umzimba, umphezulu eliphezulu apho egosogoso kwaye elitywinwe yebhinqa kunye izibini ezintathu waso (amaphiko ezinkulu nezincinane kunye waso iphiko-ezimile). Ngaphakathi temporal (kakhulu inzima) yi ukulingana umzimba ithambo nokuva. Kwakhona udlula umjelo ubuso luvo, umthambo carotid. Ukongeza, nanga amatonela osseous nendlebe emisele tube (ithambo inxenye). ithambo Parietal ikhangeleka ngathi quadrangular plates bone phakathi kunye ngeenotshi emiphethweni (ngaphandle kokuba ungqameko olungezantsi). Umphezulu ngaphandle yokakayi iye tuberosity Parietal. Ubume ithambo ngokungqalileyo ibandakanya bafundelane ngezibini yinxalenye Orbital lwezi zinto scales ngokungqalileyo kunye isaphetha. ithambo Ethmoid zisendaweni kwicandelo ngaphakathi zakha ukakayi. amathambo luquka ipleyiti igridi unyenyisa siso ipleyiti ngokuthe nkqo phantsi nkqo, inxalenye isakhiwo zekhala impumlo.

ISebe amathambo yobuso ziquka bafundelane ngezibini amathambo (ezintandathu kuphela). Kukho impumlo, inkalakahla, cheekbone, ithambo lacrimal, impumlo iqokobhe ezisezantsi kwemihlathi yangasentla. Xa isebe nazo ziquka amathambo unpaired: i somhlaba kunye umhlathi ongezantsi. Ithambo hyoid kwakhona yinxalenye yommandla yobuso, owenza yaba lukakayi. Ubume amathambo ezininzi kunokuba nzima. Zezona ngamajelo nasemingxunyeni abapasa luvo kunye imithambo yegazi. Kwezinye mathambo ngamnye sinuses yangaphakathi (nemingxuma, sinuses, iiseli) bazaliswe ngumoya.

ithambo Small lacrimal ubunjwe Ridge kunye iinyembezi emseleni. Le ibekwe phezu kodonga medial Orbital. Bone impumlo ikhangeleka ngathi ipleyiti quadrangular, side ubude. Ngeempumlo bone ekhohlo kwaye zenze ekunene isiseko emva kwethambo ngeempumlo. Nezembe inxaxheba ekubunjweni kwamathambo ezindongeni lweHo- ngeempumlo. Ukubunjwa kwemihlathi yangasentla kuquka inkqubo emine kunye nomzimba equlathe ezine (ngeempumlo, lwamehlo, ngasemva (infratemporal) kunye cipande) iyabonakala. iipleyiti ezimbini ithambo e kwethambo iPalatine. Ubungakanani ithambo zygomatic ichaphazela imilo kunye nobubanzi ebusweni. Imihlathi olusezantsi ilungu kuphela zexabiso ezinokususwa kuzo zonke zakha ukakayi. isakhiwo umhlathi luquka umzimba kanye pair nokwandisa kwi-engile obtuse kulo yesebe.

Ukuphuhliswa amathambo entloko, kwakunye amathambo imilenze kunye buti, iqala iqonga lonxibelelwano zeethishu. Ngokumalunga amacandelo ukusekela amathambo cranial kunye nezahlulo zabo, uphuhliso lwabo kuquka intlala nethambo (final) sigaba. Amathambo lophahla kunye ubuso amabakala ezimbini kuphela (ithambo kunye membranous).

Saka ukhakhayi deformation ephelekwa resorption nasentshonalanga cancellous kweziyobisi ithambo. Ngaloo ndlela kuba nkum, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe ubunzima bayo. Ukutshintsha shape ukakayi kungachaphazela neziphumo mechanical.