Sharaf Rashidov: engobomi, iifoto kunye nosapho

Sharaf Rashidov phantse ikhulu ikota, elikhokelwa Communist Party of Uzbekistan. Phakathi akumfumana ngamandla, lo republic Central Asia iye yehlelwa nokugqama koqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko yawo phambili ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye wadala zonke-iquka norhwaphilizo kwinkqubo yolawulo-umyalelo nge flavour Uzbek ekhethekileyo, ayekhokelwa nguwo yathiywa emva uRashid.

Imvelaphi kunye nabantwana

Apho ke waqalisa uhambo ubomi wakhe Sharaf Rashidov? ngobomi bakhe yaqala ngo-1917 kwisixeko Jizzakh. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kubikwa ukuba wazalwa kwintsapho yamahlwempu. Ke phakathi kwabemi abangafundanga kwedolophu Jizzakh, ngaloo mihla, ngakumbi njenge ilali, Rashidovs usapho wema ngenxa wayevuma yayo kwimfundo: amahlanu abantwana bakhe, kuquka Sharaf, kufundwe kwisithuba seminyaka-ezisixhenxe zasekuhlaleni. Kodwa phakathi 20, eli lizwe wahamba Basmachi yemigulukudu, igunya Islam, a mullah yengingqi okunjalo. Kodwa kuyacaca ukuba, kungekhona ilize, kwiBolsheviks wenza revolution zabo, ukuba nkqu entlango eshinyeneyo abantu basondela ulwazi.

LoLutsha kunye neminyaka yokufunda

Emva konyaka-esixhenxe Sharaf Rashidov ukho esikolweni yoqeqesho lootitshala. iminyaka enye enesiqingatha nokufunda umsebenzi wokufundisa, yaye-18, waba ngumfundisi kwisikolo esiphakamileyo. Ootitshala zinqongopheleyo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ibiya, efundisa ezindlwini ngokuzithandela kwabo, batshate baze baphile macala onke, kodwa guy omde handsome ufuna into ngakumbi. Waya Samarkand kwaye engena Faculty of State University.

Njengomfundi, Sharaf Rashidov amaxesha ubhala isihobe, ukubhala amabali amafutshane. Ucinga ukuba kwiphephandaba yommandla "indlela Leninsky". Emva kwexeshana kokuba asiwe imeko upapasho eyintloko Samarkand. Kodwa ubuntatheli kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuphazamisa kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe.

Uthatho-nxaxheba Second World War

NgoNovemba 1941, emva ikhosi okukhawulezileyo zokufunda kwi-Frunze elihamba School, igosa junior yezopolitiko, Sharaf Rashidov ithunyelwa esibizwa Front. Akazange obuthethwayo elidlulileyo wakhe wamajoni. Namhlanje sibona kutheni. Ngapha koko, yintoni esibizwa Front? Oku ngokuyintloko uyawalwela Ukungabikho Rzhev eqalise, ebakho inkohlakalo sokuhluza inyama, yabulala ukuya amajoni kwesigidi eSoviet kwaye injongo khange kufikelelwe.

Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich igosa lezopolitiko wawongwa IMbasa oluBomvu Banner, kwaye ababuleweyo ngo-1943, i-Reserve njengokuba ezingafanelekanga ukuba aqhubeke esebenza.

party career

igosa nyaka-26 ubudala umhlala kwezopolitiko ebuyela iphephandaba lakhe lokuzalwa Samarkand. Ekupheleni-40 yena unondaba enegama, uzama ukufumana bephantsi umsebenzi, kodwa imibongo yakhe namabali adume kakuhle. ekuqaleni kwakhe ukukhuthaza ngokunzima umgca iqela le. Okokuqala, eba usihlalo i Writers 'Union of Uzbekistan. Kakade ke, yaba ofisi elimisiweyo. Sabele oko kwakuthetha ubukho ukuthembela Rashidov e Uzbekistan, kwaye izangqa zemanyano lobunkokheli.

Kungekudala umbhali kunyaka-33 ubudala waba USihlalo Elawulayo yeBhunga ePhakamileyo ka Uzbekistan. Kwi-USSR, akazange abambe isikhundla esiphezulu kwindawo izakhiwo amandla akukho namnye besebancinane enjalo yokuqala.

NgoMatshi 1959, yokuyeka uthunyelwa unobhala yokuqala Communist Party of Uzbekistan Sabir Kamalov. Xa Rashidov wayesele wayeqhelene Nikitoy Hruschevym, yaye wakwazi oyithandayo. Ngoko ke, ngengcebiso ukusuka eMoscow kwisikhundla sokuba yintloko republic ye-Central Committee Uzbek Communist Party sikhetha ukuba bureau kuye.

Xa intloko Uzbekistan

Sharaf Rashidov, umsebenzi leyo eyenzeka kuqala phantsi kweliso elibukhali inkokheli zemanyano kwaye buqu Nikity Hruscheva, lajongwa njengoyena elinikelayo iziduko, non-zemveli Uzbek lukhula ekhokela kweengqimba amasebe ezahlukeneyo uqoqosho, urhwebo kunye nenkonzo yoluntu. Rashidov sele ngokwenene inkqubo elungeleleneyo kwabasebenzi, engqongwe isono kunye umzekelo ngaphambili, izalamane kunye nabantu bakubo, wazama ukuba ukukhetha abantu kwizikhundla zobunkokheli merit. Nangona elula emananga namhlanje ubungqina yale migaqo, kanti Central Asia kwaba entsha.

Rashidov njengoko ubuso Soviet East

Young (wajika nje 42), efundile, enomtsalane intloko imbonakalo kwiriphabliki Soviet Muslim kakuhle engafani ezininzi oogxa bakhe - bureaucrats party. It baziswa eMoscow. Lilungu Politburo of the CPSU Committee Central artem Mikoyan, umsebenzi ogama ukuseka ubudlelwane kunye namazwe baseMpuma, usoloko wamema Rashidov xa uhambo lwabo phesheya eIndiya, Iran, Iraq. Kukho Rashidovich Sharaf, ababeyazi ins kunye outs le yobuntu wasempuma ekhaya. Ukuphendula Tashkent rhoqo abathunywa wamanye amazwe kunye noluntu.

Ekwindla ka-1965 phakathi India nasePakistan umda ungquzulwano kwavuka, leyo ngokukhawuleza kwakhula imfazwe ngokupheleleyo apho moya kunye namatanki zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Akukho kwamazwe Western ayiphumelelanga ukuzisa amaqela alwayo etafileni thethwano. Oku kunokwenziwa Rashidov kuphela, ngubani walungelelanisa ngentlanganiso Tashkent iinkokheli mazwe mabini, nto leyo ekhokelele wokutyikitywa kwale Tashkent Declaration, aphelise le mfazwe. Nangona yasesikolweni thethwano egameni le-USSR inxaxheba A. N. Kosygin, kwaye kwacaca ukuba igalelo engundoqo lombutho kwentlanganiso yenza inkulu Uzbekistan.

Rashidov and Brezhnev

ubudlelwane ingakumbi othando aye kuphuhliswa Sharaf Rashidovich Z Brezhnev, olwaluthanda ukuza Tashkent kwaye Musa ukulibala ukukhankanya ukufaneleka abalingane babo Uzbek kwi iqela mbasa elandelayo. Rashidov uzama ukuba ningethi ubuso phambi jikelele unobhala, emva kokuba zonke iintlobano Brezhnev kwakuxhomekeke ngezimali iiprojekthi ezininzi yesizwe. Kunye nokuhlawulela kweziko phakathi republic eSoviet kwakunzima ngokwenene. Eyona nowethu Uzbekistan kule khuphiswano Kazakhstan, intloko yayo Kunayev abahlobo kunye Brezhnev ukususela kwixesha oyindumasi virgin.

Rashidov wafuna yimali eMoscow ukuba ukwakha imizi ezintsha. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe kwiriphabliki wabonakala Uchkuduk, Navoi, Zarafshan. izityalo ezitsha kunye nezimbiwa nabamashishini processing e Uzbekistan phantse yenziwe ngonyaka.

Xa Rashidov Republic waba igolide. yeyam inkulu ehlabathini Muruntau yakhiwa ukuba imveliso zegolide emhadini evulekileyo. Namhlanje, Muruntau igolide (ngaphezu kweetoni eziyi-60 kunyaka ngamnye) sisiseko uzinzo yezimali zeli lizwe.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich wahlawula Tashkent. Elikomkhulu Uzbekistan , wazama ukuba ibe kwesinye sezixeko ezininzi ezintle East. Xa xekweni zonke 10-15 eemitha imithombo zakhiwa, iindidi spaces eluhlaza iyamangalisa. into Izixhobo lokudala yonke le ubungangamsha yeni kweziko ubuhlobo Sharaf Rashidov. Photo kwexesha yakhe ekuqaleni nenani-80 eboniswe ngezantsi.

ngegolide white

Kodwa ke, isiseko kuqoqosho Uzbekistan kwixesha yiSoviet kwaba cotton. Eli lizwe kwi 70s kunye 80s yokuqala kwakufuneka isixa omkhulu zingafumanekiyo le nkcubeko. mveliso textile kunye nezityalo zokhuselo suffocated nje nokusilela, ngoko izityalo zomqhaphu esoloko landayo kunye iphulo lokuvuna yonyaka yaba njengomzi umsebenzi lonke.

ubunkokheli Union rhoqo Siyabandezelwa Rashidov, befuna ukunyuka kwisivuno zomqhaphu. Oku kaninzi alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo naziphi na iimeko Injongo ezifana isilimo, imozulu embi njalo njalo. Ngaphantsi Usongo lesohlwayo ngenxa yokusilela izicwangciso obonelelo zomqhaphu yaye engafuni ukuba baphelelwe ngamandla nempembelelo, nabaphetheyo Uzbek ekhokelwa Rashidov liphuhlise ezongeziweyo nkqubo kunye ukuguqula akhawunti. Ivumela nasiphi na, nokuba nesivuno esihle kakhulu Kumbindi ukuba ingxelo ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo lwezicwangciso, ukhuthazo olufanelekileyo, imivuzo kunye ifuna iiprojekthi ezintsha kazwelonke mali.

Ingongoma ephambili yale nkqubo yaba nqanaba kwabavelisi yomqhaphu ekuzisweni kwamaziko yokuhambisa ezahlukeneyo ukunika iinkampani kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe. waqala ukufika ezimotweni zabo kunye umqhaphu, nabo ngokukhawuleza ukusuka Uzbekistan waya igqiza "isigqibo", ebesithwele imali abalawuli zeenqwelwana, kwaye sele bavumelana kunye amashishini-abathengi ukuba owokugqibela ukwenza ndivus ukuba, endaweni aphila ngayo koko ibanga lokuqala Class wenza II okanye inkunkuma cotton phandle.

Bona athathwa imali? I-USSR yaba enye kuphela umthombo wabo - abarhwebi. Bonke obkladyvayut irhafu, kwaye imbuyekezo bafumana izinto zinqongophele, ngelo xesha Uzbekistan waba ngobuninzi - zincwadi zabo Rashidov ibhaso ngenxa "ukubulawa" izicwangciso cotton unikezelo. Ngaloo umjikelezo inkohliso, ukunyoba, ubuqhetseba, ngoko isakhiwo yonke eqonda kunye noluntu Uzbek.

case cotton

Ngubani weza amandla emva kokufa Brezhnev ngowe-1982, uYuri Andropov wagqiba ekubeni aphelise kwi "zomqhaphu mafia". Ekuqaleni kuka-1983 kwiqela uphando Uzbekistan wathunyelwa evela eMoscow, apho waqalisa kubamba neenkokeli iinkampani zorhwebo yengingqi, phantsi umthombo mali yonke inkqubo urhwaphilizo. ixabiso elikhulu zathathwa.

Rashidov waqonda ukuba bathi imiqulu kulahleke yomqhaphu iya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kulo nyaka. Yena bamfuna indulumbane ngexesha ehlotyeni nasekwindla ka-1983 kulo lonke elo lizwe, zibongoza bendawo ukufumana oovimba ukuba anike igolide emhlophe, kodwa wathembisa ekuqaleni konyaka Andropov 3 million iitoni zempahla ekrwada akwazi ukuqokelela%-20 kuphela. Eqonda ukuba phambi kwakhe elinde nje ukugxothwa iintloni kunye notshutshiso mthetho, Oktobha 31, 1983 Rashidov, ngokutsho memoirs bakhe J. Nasriddinov, yena wazixuna usihlalo owayesakuba Elawulayo yeBhunga Ephakamileyo.

Sharaf Rashidov: usapho, abantwana

Xa East, bambekayo izithethe ezixabisekileyo zosapho, kungakhathaliseki yoluntu kunye nesikhundla. Ngaba akukho ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo kunye Sharaf Rashidov. Intsapho yakhe wayenobubele, oko iyithobele izithethe zesizwe. Umfazi wakhe wekhaya Hursant Gafurovna abantwana - neentombi ezine unyana - baba esikolweni Tashkent esiqhelekileyo. Bonke babo zilondoloze inkumbulo alithandayo kayise.