Raphael isebenza: list, iifoto

Rafael Santi, ngumzobi enkulu Italian, igcisa graphic, ngokomakhi, umlandeli yesikolo Umbrian yokudweba, wazalwa Matshi 28, 1483 e Urbino. Lo mfana wayeneminyaka esibhozo ubudala xa wafayo unina, kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva waphulukana uyise. Giovanni Santi wayengumzobi, yaye ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe kwafuneka ukuba aqalise unyana wakhe kwiziseko yokudweba.

Ukuqala bobuchule

Imisebenzi yokuqala Raphael yomhla kunyaka 1496, ngoxa umzobo oseludongeni lwalupayintiwe "Madonna and Child", nto leyo namhlanje bakhe kwindlu-myuziyam. Phakathi imisebenzi kwexesha yokuqala kuvela "ibhena oyiNgcwele zintathu Ongcwele" (1499), isibingelelo epeyinta "I ibekwa of St Nicholas of Tolentino," ebhaliweyo ibandla S. Agostino ekupheleni Citta di Castello. imisebenzi bokuqala Raphael ezahlukeneyo uhlobo ukungaqiniseki, kodwa ofana umfanekiso igcisa kakhulu abaqolileyo.

ekufundeni

Ngowe-1501, lo ngumzobi Santi wangena imfundiso ngumzobi odumileyo Petro Perudzhino. Sebenza kumasifundisane ngcebiso senior kube luncedo kakhulu Raphael. Ukongeza yakhe Perugino inxaxheba abafundi eziliqela. Yonke imisebenzi Raphael xesha kubhaliweyo indlela ngutitshala. Noko ke, Petro Perudzhino wanyanzelisa ukuba umfundi wakhe unesiphiwo aspired ukuya ekuphunyezweni eyakhe ukupeyinta indlela yakhe.

indlela yakho Wabonakala umzobi oselula kamva, ekupheleni kwexesha kwizifundo kamasifundisane yenkosi. Eminye imisebenzi Raphael, imizobo, imizobo, imizobo, waba yindoda emcebisayo ukuba kwahluka eziphathekayo emsebenzini. Pietro wazama ukwakha kwimpumelelo umfundi wakhe.

I odolo zokuqala

Rafael Santi, umsebenzi wakhe, ubuchule kunye italente baziwa kakhulu kwesi sithili, ebeve kuthethwa ngayo ezintlwini aphezulu abefundisi, kwaye opeyintayo ifumene odolo ezininzi ezihlawula ngenxa yokudweba amabandla e Perugia kunye Citta di Castello. Oko kwaba luncedo kakhulu, njengoko umzobi abanomnqweno babephila osisityebi ubomi kunye nemali.

Ngowe-1501, xa imisebenzi Raphael Madonna kwaqala wongezelela, ekupeyinteni wakhe "Madonna Solly." Le Iwebhu ngokoqobo uphefumlayo elihle yobufundisi. Kwixesha elizayo, igcisa iza kudala Madonnas e utoliko olwahlukileyo embalwa. Esi sihloko kuya kukhatshwa ngumzobi ubomi yakhe emfutshane.

isihloko ibandla

Rafael Santi, imisebenzi edumileyo ezibe ngomxholo yonqulo, kunjalo wayethandaza mxholo ubukho abantu abaqhelekileyo, waza wazama ukuba zifake kwimifanekiso yakhe izicaphulo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwisifundo Church uginye opeyintayo abanetalente, waqonda ukuba asebenzise ubuchule bakhe yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwiitempile.

Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, baye wadala yobuciko ezifana "ibekwa" yaye "amale kaMariya". Zombini mizobo ezabhalwa ngo-1504 yaye ilungiselelwe esibingelelweni. Kwangaxesha nye Rafael kudala "Umfanekiso Pietro Bembo", "Saint George kunye dabi nenamba," "Madonna Conestabile".

UMichelangelo nabanye

NgoDisemba 1504 Rafael Santi uya Florence. Apho, wadibana uMichelangelo, uLeonardo da Vinci, Bartolomeo Port. Uhlobo kaMichelangelo kunye Da Vinci waphefumlelwa Raphael kwaye uqala ukufunda indlela yabo umzobo, nokuba ecacileyo, yenza iikopi iingceba mizobo abaculi ezinkulu. Nendwangu da Vinci "Leda kunye Swan" uhlikihlo Santi yena phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ekubeni umfanekiso kaMichelangelo, "Mateyu Saint", yena wenza okufanayo. Zombini inkosi kukholekileyo imigudu igcisa abatsha. Waza wagqiba ukubamba up kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi ubugcisa yokudweba nengcibi sale.

oda entsha

Umyalelo wokuqala Santi ezifunyenwe emva kokufika amadoda amakhulu Anolo Doni, ukudala eni ngaye kunye nenkosikazi yakhe. Kulo mfanekiso kunye nomfanekiso yabafazi amanene ngokucacileyo ibonisa impembelelo Leonardo wakhe "Mona Lisa." Umzobo mculi ebizwa ngokuba "Doni Tondo".

Emva kokugqiba lo umyalelo Signor Agnolo, uRafael uqala ukubhala imizobo isibingelelo "I Lady kunye inqu emqeleni", "Imeko kwi ibhokisi", "Madonna etroneni kunye Nicola ukusuka Bari kunye uYohane umbhaptizi." ethandwa womzobi ekhula, abhale eninzi eqingqiweyo abangcwele, phakathi kwabo "Ungcwele n Aleksandriyskaya" (1507), "The Holy Family" (1508), "Saint Elizabeth kunye uYohane umBhaptizi" (1509), "Madonna noYosefu beardless" ( 1509).

Eyinhloko ngemisebenzi Raphael

Njengoko e Florence, Santee ubhale ngaphezulu kwe mabini Madonnas. Masimu efanayo; nokuba usana ezingalweni zakhe, yaye udlala kufutshane Ioanna Krestitelya, nto leyo nayo kuye kuboniswe emfanekisweni. Zonke Madonna iboniswe canvases ngetywina phezu kobuso yokhathalelo lobunina. Phakathi kwabo imifanekiso kwexesha kuma out: "Madonna del Granduca" (1505), "Madonna Terranuova" (1505), "Madonna phantsi isigubungelo" (1506), "Madonna Pinks" (1506), "Madonna Goldfinch" ( 1506), "La Belle Jardinière" (1508).

Vatican

Ekupheleni kuka-1509 Raphael waya eRoma, apho aya kuhlala de kwasekufeni kwakhe. Ngoncedo Donato Bramante Santi waba inkundla opeyintayo ukuya Kwenziwa yokuhlala. Waphathiswa ukupeyinta esekelwe yamagumbi ezine komkhulu, ebizwa njalo-"station". Rafael ukhetha imixholo ezibonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yengqondo umsebenzi uluntu: bulumko, imibongo, ezakwalizwi kileyo. Kwimeko nganye emagumbini opeyintayo sibeka esekelwe ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso yamitha. Raphael izitanza ezi bizwa ngokuba "Ubulungisa", "Ingxoxo", "Parnassus" yaye "School of eAthene."

umsebenzi esaphila

Eyona wobugcisa ibalulekileyo ngumzobi ithathwa ihlabathi-edumileyo "Sistine Madonna", wadala ngowe-1513. Raphael zaveza olugunyaziswe Church of St. Sixtus e Piacenza. umsebenzi emangalisayo engundoqo wengcibi yokuluka kakhulu oku kukuthi, ichaphazela eziqhubekekayo ubuncwane kwemigca, yonke into subordinated ukuba isingqisho ingaqondakaliyo ebomini noxolo. Le ngelaphu mkhulu, kodwa amehlo ziyafumaneka zonke iinkcukacha omhle.

"I Triumph of Galatea"

A van'wankumi ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye abakhusela ubugcisa, i-Italian Augustino Chigi wamema Raphael esekelwe bahombise villa yakhe ipoma kweenxweme iTiber. Ingqwalasela eyodwa inikwe kwi zifundo zinye ukusuka neentsomi yamhlamnene. Ngoko kwakukho wobugcisa, "ngokoyisa Galatea". Kwi umzobo oseludongeni obonisa uMprofethi Sibyl. Womzobo igqalwa enye imisebenzi emihle umculi.

Madonna

Rafael Santi, ogama edumileyo imisebenzi - nto ngokuqinisekileyo "Madonna", zipeyintwe umoya ofanayo. UMariya oyiNgcwele lwaBantwana, ibali eyasetyenziswa wegcisa kaninzi. Ngamanye amaxesha wongezelela a Ioanna Krestitelya, nto leyo ngokulungelelanisiweyo ukwadityaniswe umfanekiso omkhulu. Total "Madonna" yi Raphael - angaphezu kwamashumi amane imizobo na ezo kwiimyuziyam. Oku iingqokelela lo mboniso - le mizobo kakhulu kulo mculi enkulu Rafael Santi. Works, ezidweliswe ngezantsi - i Madonna baboniswa opeyintayo ubomi bakhe bonke mfutshane kodwa echumayo.

• "I Sistine Madonna" - (1513-1514), yobuciko e Dresden.
• "Solly Madonna" (1500-1504), Gemäldegalerie.
• "Diotalevi Madonna" (1504), i-lwenza Museum eBerlin.
• "Madonna del Granduca" (1504), Florence, Palazzo Pitti.
• "Virgin of Orleans" (1506), Conde Museum, France.
• "The Holy Family kunye yesandla" (1506), National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh.
• "Madonna del Prato" (1506), Art History Museum, eVienna.
• "Madonna Goldfinch" (1506), Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
• "La Belle Jardinière" (1507), I-Louvre, Paris.
• "Niccolini-Cowper Madonna" (1508), National Gallery of Art, Washington.
• "Madonna of Foligno" (1511-1512), Vatican City.
• "The Holy Family phantsi komthi" (1518), i-Museo del Prado, Madrid.
• "Madonna of Love LikaThixo" (1518), i-National Museum, iNaples.
• "Esterhazy Madonna" (1508), Museum of Arts Olungileyo, Budapest.

Yonke eminye imisebenzi Raphael, ogama ifoto kwi kwikhathalogu eyayinikelwe umsebenzi wakhe zingafumaneka kule rejista abalawuli ubugcisa yokudweba.
Kweli xesha ukususela ngowe-1513 ngeminyaka 1516 Rafael Santi iye omnye umyalelo kapopu, ukwenza imizobo yabo amalaphu kuba Sistine Chapel abalishumi kuphela. Kithi amanani ezisixhenxe kuphela. Ke Rafael ndawonye abafundi beqabe balcony, leyo silibale eyadini eVatican. Zonke esekelwe mahlanu-mabini imixholo engundoqo yezibhalo kwenziwa.

izithuba ezitsha

Ngo March 1514 Donato Bramante wafa, kunye noTata wamnika Basilica St. nguPetros phantsi ukwakhiwa ekuqaleni Raphael. Emva konyaka, igcisa ifumana post Vatican zakudala umgcini. Ngowe-1515, i-Vatican watyelela odumileyo Albrecht Dürer, ogama ngokrolo babesele udale furore ehlabathini. Wayedibana Rafael, yaye ukususela ngoko ke zimbini bazama ukuba creative yahlangana, inzuzo eJamani Italy ke kufuphi.

owazisa

imveliso ukufa Last Raphael - ngu "Inguqu," ezibhaliweyo kule minyaka 1518-1520. Inxalenye nakumphezulu ngelaphu owanikwa ibali neyeBhayibhile ummangaliso kumila kumbi kaKristu, phambi UYakobi noPetros noYohane. Kwinxalenye asezantsi kukho ngabapostile kunye lomfana olenyayo. Rafael akazange agqibe lo mfanekiso, olungenzekiyo ukufa inkosi opeyintayo noGiulio Romano.

Le artist enkulu wafa ngo-Apreli 1520 eneminyaka engama-37 ukusuka fever wentsholongwane egazini. Yena wangcwatyelwa oothixo.