Project Life Cycle: Isigaba main

Kuyabonakala ukuba le projekthi ziyaqondwa njengoko izigaba ezithile apho idlula injongo ethile ngexesha ukuphunyezwa kwayo, kunye nokusebenza. Osahluleyo akubalulekanga kuphela eyingcingane kodwa ukusuka kwindawo ezenziwayo, kuba loo nto yenza kube lula ukulawula ngcono inkqubo yemveliso.

le nkcazelo

Ingcamango umjikelo wobomi projekthi ithetha ulandelelwano ezithile amanyathelo ukuze kuphunyezwe umbono mayelana imveliso okanye ulawulo inkqubo. Indima kolu luvo lungabonakaliswa kule ngxelo ilandelayo:

• kugqiba ixesha le projekthi, ebonisa ngokucacileyo umhla ekuqaleni kwayo nesiphelo;
• banzi le nkqubo ivumela isicwangciso ukuphunyezwa, ebabela ube kwisigaba esithile;
• Yenza ukuba kwenzeke ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo inani labasebenzi ababandakanyekayo, kwakunye nezibonelelo eziyimfuneko;
• Kube lula inkqubo yokubeka esweni.

Inqanaba umjikelo wobomi yeprojekthi

Ngexesha nokusetyenziswa kweplani ngenkqubo yemveliso okanye mathuba ezinye iziganeko eziliqela ezilandelelanayo bungabonakala kule nkampani. Ngoko ke, wagqiba ekubeni kubabela elo zigaba zilandelayo lomjikelo wobomi projekthi:

• Ukuqaliswa - ukwandiswa ngezimvo, ngokunjalo ukulungiselela amaxwebhu leprojekthi. Iveliswe isifundo oluneenkcukacha, kwakunye nophando kwimarike, nto leyo eya kusebenza njengesixhobo ukuphunyezwa izigaba ezilandelayo.
• Planning - ixesha kwesisu, iinkqubo zokwabelana data kwi zigaba ezithile, ngokunjalo nokuqeshwa belifa kunye abantu abafanelekileyo.
• LoSetyenziso - iqala msinyane nje izicwangciso sele yamkelwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo yonke imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo.
• Ukuzaliswa - analysis data esweni lokuthobela kunye izicwangciso zabo. Olu xanduva kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi luxanduva lolawulo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwahlulwa ibe amanqanaba umjikelo wobomi projekthi lunemiqathango kakhulu. kumbutho ngamnye unelungelo ukulungisa inkqubo uwaphule ngezigaba.

sigaba somjikelo

izigaba ezine eziphambili zingahlukaniswa kumjikelo wobomi projekthi, ezizezi:

• izifundo ngaphambi zotyalo - kulukhetho na uhlobo ilungileyo projekthi, thethwano nabathathi-nxaxheba, kwakunye nokukhutshwa izibambiso ngendlela eya kuba ukutsala imali;
• utyalo-mali ngqo, xa ngokusebenzisa ukuthengiswa kwezabelo okanye ezinye izixhobo zemali mbutho ufumana imali ezifunekayo ukuphumeza isicwangciso;
• operation Project - le yinkqubo imveliso epheleleyo, esiqhutywa ngokubhekiselele kwisicwangciso ezimiselweyo;
• ukufunda mali post-kukuvavanya ukusebenza, nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa yeziphumo kulindelekile.

Iimpawu lomjikelo wobomi yeprojekthi

Kuyabonakala ukuba le projekthi, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kunokwenziwa amalungiselelo nganye ilungiselelwe ukuba ezichaphazela yeshishini elithile. Sekunjalo, sonke ke ezinye iinkalo eziqhelekileyo, ezizezi:

• Inani elikhulu yexabiso kunye nabasebenzi inxaxheba kweli phulo, uphakathi komjikelo. Isiqalo kunye nesiphelo inkqubo luphawulwa aphansi.
• Kwisigaba sokuqala kukho umngcipheko omkhulu, kwakunye ukungaqiniseki nentandabuzo malunga isiphumo ngempumelelo komsebenzi.
• Ekuqaleni lomjikelo wobomi nxaxheba projekthi babe nethuba elikhulu ekwenzeni utshintsho kunye nokuphucula iindlela ukufezekisa iinjongo. Ekubeni kuba nzima ukwenza ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Cascade Model lomjikelo wobomi yeprojekthi

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umjikelo wobomi lweprojekthi umntu okanye umbutho ngamnye ukuba eziphathekayo ezahlukeneyo, kukho ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo enokunceda isiseko esisiseko. Enye le iqhelekileyo engxangxasi, nto leyo ethetha okumiselwa angqinelana yesenzo nganye okucwangcisiweyo kwaye luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

• umzobo isicwangciso ecacileyo amanyathelo ukuze aphumeze iinjongo zabo;
• isenzo ngasinye umiselwa uluhlu ethile imisebenzi, kwakunye inyanzelekile ukuba ekwenzeni imisebenzi;
• ukuqaliswa (ulawulo) amanyathelo eziphakathi, nto leyo eza kubeka esweni ukuthotyelwa isicwangciso ngaphambili.

imodeli siba

Project Life Cycle, ezo imijikelo ezahlukeneyo, yenzelwe ngokwale ndlela ehlaziyiweyo yolwabiwo zikhula. On ithuba ngalinye umiselwa ukusebenza bophuhliso ngokungqinelana kunye nexabiso layo. Le modeli luphawulwa yokuba kuphuhliso yayo yenye izithuba ezingundoqo eyabelwe icandelo lomngcipheko, leyo ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo nabanamava;
• ithuba lokuba aye phezu mali okanye musa ukuhlangabezana esikiweyo elichaziweyo;
• Ukufaneleka Uphuhliso ilahleko ngexesha ukuphunyezwa kwayo;
• imfuneko yokwenza utshintsho kwinkqubo yemveliso;
• nemingcipheko enxulumene iimeko zangaphandle (supply ukuphazamiseka, utshintsho kwiimeko zemarike, njalo-njalo);
• Ukungafani umthamo level efunekayo;
• kuphikisana umsebenzi kumasebe ahlukeneyo.

imodeli kwandiswe

Umjikelo wobomi Project nga kuqwalaselwa ngokwemiqathango imodeli liye likhula. Esemxholweni kakhulu yaye bugwetyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kuba kwimeko apho kulindeleke ukuba umsebenzi ezintsonkothileyo olunzulu kunye amanani amakhulu nxaxheba. Kulo mzekelo, umthamo projekthi yahlulwe kumacandelo ezincinane ezininzi athe ndaqonda ngokuyinxenye, ngoko zidibanisa iprojekthi ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

imodeli kwandiswe ayifuni utyalo-mali ngexesha elinye-zonke isixa eziyimfuneko mali. Kuyenzeka ukuba kungafundiswa ngokuthe izixa ezincinane, nesigubungelo kula manqanaba. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iprojekthi yonke iyahlulwahlulwa kumacandelo ezincinane phantsi, oko kakhulu lokuba, nangaliphi na ixesha lokwenza iinguqu ezifanelekileyo. Kwaye enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kukuba ukunciphisa imingcipheko ukuba ngokulungelelana isasazwe phakathi izigaba (nokunyuswa).

Imithetho-siseko yobomi umjikelo yeprojekthi

imijikelo yobomi Project luphawulwa inani lemithetho-siseko, ezizezi:

• ubukho isicwangciso esineenkcukacha, esasisithi ngokucacileyo onke amaxesha ixesha, amagama, nxaxheba, kwakunye izikhombisi kwi zisephezulu, ekufuneka ziphunyelelwe ngokusekelwe umsebenzi;
• Kufuneka inkqubo ingxelo eyenzelwe, apho ekugqityweni ngamnye iziphumo ukuthotyelwa esweni inyathelo bhetye ziya kuvakaliswa of;
• inkqubo Uhlalutyo ubukho, njengoko apho linakho ukuqikelelwa imeko elizayo, ngenjongo yokwenza uhlengahlengiso;
• umbutho kufuneka kusungulwe inkqubo Isehlo Response, umsebenzi kufuneka ibhekiswe kwicala elifanelekileyo nangaliphi na ixesha umjikelo wobomi.

Umzekelo umjikelo ubomi projekthi

Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza umjikelo wobomi projekthi. Umzekelo - uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa iimodeli ezintsha smart. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba enze la manyathelo alandelayo ekuqaleni:

• ukuqulunqa iinjongo - ngokwanda iintengiso, engena kwiimakethi ezintsha;
• case study - ucalulo lwemizekelo ekhoyo kunye neemfuno zabasebenzisi;
• zokufunda lokulungiswa ngokuthi kuphuhliswe;
• umzobo isicwangciso, nto leyo iya kubonisa ngqo ukuphunyezwa ixesha, abathathi-nxaxheba kunye abenzi bezigqibo, kwakunye mali le projekthi.

sigaba sophuhliso ithetha ugxininiso kumxholo engundoqo yaye iquka:

• kutyunjwe umphathi weprojekthi - kunokuba injineli ephambili okanye umntu ethetha kunye neziphakamiso yohlengahlengiso ;
• ukukhangela imithombo-mali - ukutsala abatyali okanye ukusebenzisa oovimba yayo;
• ukuba kuyimfuneko, uthenge izixhobo ezizodwa, iindawo kunye software;
• Wazithwala phandle uhlalutyo lomngcipheko, nto leyo inokunxulunyaniswa izenzo okhuphisana okanye yokusabela umthengi ukuba imveliso entsha.

Xa linqanaba lozalisekiso kweprojekthi iqala inkqubo zokukhokhela imifuziselo ezintsha smart. Kubalulekile ukuba iliso rhoqo ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo, ukuthotyelwa ebekiweyo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - umgangatho kunye nokuhambelana neziphumo ezicwangcisiweyo.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela yonke imisebenzi zemveliso kufuneka zigqityiwe, kwaye imveliso ngomhla emarikeni (emva pre-testing). Kwakhona, apho kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle ulawulo lwenkcitho-mali kunye nemihla nokubulawa.