Photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson: A Biography, ubomi, ubuchule kunye namanqaku anika umdla

A novulindlela photojournalism yaba umfoti French Henri Cartier-Bresson. yobuciko zakhe ezimnyama-mhlophe zijongwa imisebenzi bokwenyaniso yobugcisa, yena owaseka "isitalato" indlela photoskill. Le yafunda oluphawulekayo zeshishini sele inikezelwe izibonelelo ezininzi amabhaso. Cartier-Bresson, ogama engobomi yi esitsala nje imifanekiso bakhe ukulungisa ezi abadumileyo: UJean Genet, Koko Shanel, uMarilyn Monroe, Igorya Stravinskogo, uPablo uPicasso, kunye nabanye.

Cartier-Bresson wazalwa eFransi, ngoAgasti 22, 1908 kwidolophu inzulu Shantlu, kufuphi eParis, apho Seine umlambo kunye Marne uhlanganise. Bathi igama kwakhe behlonipha kayisemkhulu kwicala zooyise. Usapho lukatata wakhe waba ishishini ukwenzela imveliso komqhaphu vulu. Great-Umkhulu uyisekazi Cartier-Bresson yaba igcisa abanetalente.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Xa uHenry Ndandisemncinci kakhulu, wanikwa ikhamera elungileyo ngexesha (Brownie-ibhokisi). Ngoncedo misebenzi lwakhe elizayo eyayikrolwe abahlobo bakhe, nako ukufaka zonke zihlandlo ezingalibalekiyo ulutsha. Njengoko Malume Louie (a artist abanetalente) nempembelelo ihlabathi Cartier-Bresson. Henri akholisa ukuchitha ixesha simahla kwivenkile yakhe. Xa ndikwishumi elivisayo, waba nomdla kwemiYalezo.

Fine Education Arts

Emva kokugqiba isikolo ngowe-1925, Bresson nzulu isigqibo ukuzibandakanya kwezobugcisa entle, kwaye kukho uloliwe kunye Cubist opeyintayo Andre Lhote. Kuyinto ezi zifundo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa Henri njenge photographer. ULote umfundisi engqongqo kakhulu, yaye akazange ukunika ithuba lokuba inkululeko bokuyila, ngoko Karte- Bresson wagqiba ukuya emkhosini.

Iindawo ezinika umdla befuna imifanekiso yothando

Phantsi yempembelelo uncwadi ixesha 1930 ngu Henri uhlala phezu inqanawa wathumela Afrika. Kodwa uhambo yasilela - Bresson oselula wagula ngumkhuhlane kunye ubhale inqaku ukuzibulala. Kodwa nezalamane wamcenga ukuba abuyele eFransi, apho wakwazi ukuya nge rehab kwakhona. Ngelo xesha, uHenry wahlala Marseille. Amaxesha amaninzi yena wahamba ebhadula kuloo ezitratweni zomzi ikhamera ezandleni zakhe, yabagocagoca mfanekiso ufanelwe iifoto zakhe ezibalaseleyo. Xa Bresson ekugqibeleni wachacha, kwaba nako ukutyelela amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, wenza utyelelo eMexico. umhlobo wakhe waba ikhamera ayithandayo.

Umsebenzi kwi US photomaster

Ngowe-1934, Cartier-Bresson wadibana umfoti Polish, ngokwasengqondweni phantsi elakho uDavide Seymour, kanye photographer Hungarian uRobert Kappa. Ezi mvumi bafumana Zininzi izinto ofana ngazo ngokuphathelele ubugcisa kufota. Ngowe-1935, Bresson wathenjiswa ukuba eze eUnited States, apho mboniso yokuqala yemisebenzi yakhe (eNew York) ahlelwa. Emva koko, le wizard uya kunikela wayifanisa ifoto amaphephancwadi fashion, kodwa Bresson ayikho kakhulu kunene.

Intsebenziswano kunye cinema

Ngowe-1936, i-umfoti Cartier-Bresson wabuyela eFransi waza waqalisa ukusebenza udumileyo umlawuli French uJean Renoir. Kwelinye bhanya ngokwabo Renoir Bresson wazama njengoko omdlali. Kwakhona wanceda umlawuli ukudubula ezinye iiteyiphu ukuba ngqo ngaloo maxesha.

Amanyathelo okuqala photojournalism

Umsebenzi wokuqala Cartier-Bresson njenge photojournalist yapapashwa ngowe-1937, xa makarekhodwe ikhamera ibekwa French ngeveki of King George VI kunye Queen Elizabeth. Photographer wayekwazi ukwazi ukufaka izifundo belungiselelwe ekubhiyozeleni mzi. Emva koko Cartier-Bresson ifani ndamgocagoca amandla ngokupheleleyo.

Marry

Ngowe-1937, Bresson watshata ngumdanisi, Guest Mohini. Bahlala e Paris, waba igumbi studio elikhulu, igumbi lokulala, ikhitshi kunye lokuhlambela. Henry waqala ukusebenza njenge umfoti ngenxa yephephandaba French wamaKomanisi kunye neentatheli nabo. Dibanisa inani Communist Party of France, akazange.

iminyaka enzima yemfazwe

NgoSeptemba 1939, xa waqala iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Cartier-Bresson waya ngaphambili, waba sokubetha kuzo umkhosi French (njengoko abafoti documentary). Ngexesha elinye amadabi kuba umfoti French kwasuswa ikhonkxwa, apho wachitha phantse 3 iminyaka ngebhaxa. Kabini wazama ukubaleka evela enkampini, iye apho ke wasuka wawohlwaya ngokuba evalelwe yedwa. Le ukubaleka lwesithathu nempumelelo, wakwazi fihla amaxwebhu zomgunyathi. Waqala ukusebenza kwi komhlaba kwaye basebenzisane ngasese kunye nezinye abafoti.

Xa France ekhululwa amaNazi, yonke into Bresson wakwazi ukufaka kulo ngemifanekiso yabo. Ngelo xesha wancedisa xa kwakudalwa ifilim yembali malunga inkululeko kweli lizwe kunye nokubuyiswa isiFrentshi amajoni ekhaya. Le movie yenziwa eUnited States. Emva koko, amaMelika waququzelela vernissage kweefoto bakhe Museum of Art Modern. Ngowe-1947 yanyatheliswa incwadi yokuqala yemisebenzi ngu Henri Cartier-Bresson.

Office umdla for photojournalists

Ngowe-1947, Cartier-Bresson, kunye nabahlobo bakhe uRobert Kappa, uDavide Seymour, George Rodger acwangcise photojournalists yokuqala arhente ebizwa ngokuba "magnum Izithombe". Amalungu eqela bathunyelwa kurhulumente. photojournalist Young wakwazi kutyelela iindawo ezininzi Indonesia, China ne India. ukuqondwa International photographer ezifunyenwe emva ngokukhanyisa umngcwabo Gandhi e-Indiya (1948). Kwakhona, wakwazi ukuba zifake kwi camera kwisigaba sokugqibela Chinese Civil kweMfazwe ngo-1949 yaye ke ukufika eBeijing zazimi wamaKomanisi. Ngowe-1950, uHenry waya South India, apho imifanekiso endhawini zokuhlala kunye mathuba umdla kubomi kweli lizwe.

Ukupapashwa ethi "isigqibo"

It yapapashwa ngowe-1952 kwincwadi yokuqala ka iinkosi enkulu ulwimi IsiNgesi. Kuye kwathathwa 126 wemisebenzi eyenziwe kwindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Cartier kule ncwadi unako ukubonisa imbono yakhe ubugcisa kufota. Umsebenzi ibalulekileyo umfoti, ngenxa yakhe - ukubamba iqhezu neziphambili sesibini kwisakhelo.

Ngowe-1955 waba mboniso wokuqala umsebenzi wakhe eFransi. It yaququzelelwa kwi Louvre. Ngaphambi koku, kukho zange kuqhutywa miboniso. World Cartier-Bresson yi zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngowe-1966, i-umfoti swi zabantu mhlaba nokufota.

ESoviet Union ngokusebenzisa emehlweni umninindlu ukufota

Great Cartier-Bresson wakwazi kutyelela eSoviet Union kabini. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala weza apha, xa wafa Stalin (1954). albhamu lokuqala "eMoscow", epapashwa kwi Live Journal iye yapapashwa ngo-1955. Le ncwadi yokuqala aseNtshona malunga ubomi babemi Soviet kwixesha post-imfazwe. Kuba okokuqala kwiminyaka emininzi, abantu baseSoviet bakwazi ukuphuma emva komkhusane kuyimfihlo. Bresson waya eRashiya, Uzbekistan, kunye eGeorgia.

Kwi eSoviet Union, photographer wayedla ngononophelo, ngokungathi woyika ukuba umntu weva. Ixesha yesibini uHenry weza apha 70s. Xa ngaphambili imifanekiso yabantu bekuhlala Cartier-Bresson esithi: abantwana kunye nabazali, abantu abatsha umxhentso, ukusebenza endaweni yokwakha. Phakathi wemisebenzi yakhe kukho imifanekiso imiboniso uxolo, kwimigca zokubala engoovimba zesebe kunye yamangcwaba ka Lenin. Photographer ngobuchule wayeka uqhagamshelwano phakathi komntu leyinene.

iiklasi ukupeyinta

Ngowe-1967, Bresson umtshato nomfazi wakhe wokuqala yaye wenza kwezobugcisa entle. Kwabonakala kuye ukuba ukususela iifoto wathabatha konke okusemandleni. yekhamera yakhe obufihlwe ekhuselekileyo manqaphanqapha wacinga ukuba uhambe.

kungekudala uHenry watshata, yaye lo mtshato ke wazala intombi Melanie (1972) wazalwa.

Ngokwakhe a inkosi zange wayethanda ukuba isithombe, nokuba xa enika isidanga yekhethelo University Oxford. Yena ndizigcinile, andangena Imizuzu xa isusiwe, maxa wambi egubungele ubuso bakhe. Cartier-Bresson akazange kupapashwa ubomi bakhe.

Wafa nguyise photojournalism ngo-2004, ubomi kunyaka-96. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuba ukuvula ingxowa ilifa layo ekufundeni yayo okunobuchule kwaye isizukulwana esitsha ngaphezulu abafoti.

Iindlela Cartier-Bresson

Phantse ngamaxesha onke, inkosi wasebenza camera Leica, ukhozi lunamehlo 50mm. Amaxesha amaninzi unit izindlu chrome yena izindawo ye tape abamnyama ukuyenza lula. Bresson akazange ndizigawule iifoto zakho, akazange enze naliphi na montages photo, zange ukusebenzisa ifleshi. Usebenze inkosi kuphela ngefomathi emnyama namhlophe, zange akusondela ukuba le nto. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukubamba isigqibo. Wayekholelwa ukuba nkqu nto incinane kunokuba isifundo enkulu somfanekiso kunye nendoda eqhelekileyo kakhulu - a leitmotif iifoto chic. isimbo sakhe - ukunyaniseka kufota esitratweni. womculo photo ubuciko nako ukufaka kwi ifilimu kakhulu zabantu abadumileyo: Henri Matisse, Zhana Renuara, Alberta Kamyu kunye nabanye.

Books inkosi odumileyo

Nabani na okhe wajonga ifoto yehlabathi umfoti edumileyo, wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuntu umdla kakhulu yaba Henri Cartier-Bresson. Iincwadi yalo inkosi saa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Eyokuqala kwezi, "isigqibo", wakhululwa ngowe-1952. Ukongeza yokuprinta yakhe ezi ncwadi:. "Muscovites", "baseYurophu", "World of Henri Cartier-Bresson," "Malunga Russia", "I-Face saseAsiya", "incoko" Kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Inyaniso Ngengqondo" iqulethe eninzi memoirs, iidayari, izincoko, lo photojournalist odumileyo. Iincwadi Cartier-Bresson lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bafunde iingcebiso photoskill iitalente zakhe ezininzi lwanamhlanje.

Iingcebiso ezivela inkosi kwabasaqalayo:

• Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo kwimida yesakhelo baze bacinge iziko layo, sebenzisa neyantlukwano.
• Photo-master kufuneka kokela nyingiso eka yena, umsebenzi wakhe - ukuba bahlale zokuqhubela.
• Abafoti kufuneka zihambe kakhulu, ukufunda bengqondo, kwaye ingakumbi abantu.
• Kubhetele ukuba athenge camera elungileyo endaweni elisezantsi-ezikumgangatho ezimbalwa.
• Well ukufunda abantwana ifoto kunye abafikisayo kuqala, abaya kukuyala.
• Le photographer kufuneka abe incasa yokuluka.
• Musa ukwenza oluninzi kuqhume, kufuneka ngokucacileyo kakhulu ukuba alinde mzuzu ilungelo ukudubula.
• Akukho mfuneko ukuba ayeke khona, lonke ixesha kufuneka azame indalo.