Onencula AK-47: izixhobo mbini amaxesha Soviet

Onencula Kalashnikov ukuba imbali yayo kunyaka-62 yaveliswa iinguqulelo ezininzi. Ngowe-1949, i-AK-47 ngokusesikweni bamkelwe kwinkonzo eSoviet Union. kweminyaka 4 kamva, ngowe-1953, kwafika onencula 47th yokuqala "Kalash". Ngokusemthethweni onencula AK-47 labekwa njengomzekelo 26-X-212, okanye "imveliso 6 × 2". Ikopi yokuqala onencula for AK-47 waba ifomu blade kopeobraznoy, wavalelwa kwelinye icala, kunye nokuququzelela ukwakhiwa omabini evele onencula waba neentlambo.

Imbali izixhobo abandayo USSR

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba amajoni bexhobe afohlela Mosina, apho uyilo akuthethi ukunika ukuba onencula. Kamva, xa nesiseko sayo yayiyilwe carbine, oko mayixhotyiswe onencula quadrangular cross-icandelo uhlobo lwe- kuyilo Komarnicki-Kabakov. Waba isihloko "1891-1930, onencula." Amanxeba nanako komlo nto, ayizange ukuphilisa ixesha elide yaye buhlungu gqitha.

Kamva, ngowe-1936, i-Red Army babesele ABC-36 (umpu Simonov), nto leyo yafakwa ngemela, cleaver. Emva kweminyaka 2 kwiingalo eyamkelwa yi-SVT-38 Tokarev ─ edumileyo self-Ukuvuya womserbia. Yena ngoko nangoko bawa phezu umphefumlo elihamba, kwaye sele SVT-40 yakhululwa ngo-1940. Steel onencula imela kule umpu iye blued kwaye ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu.

Ke yakudubula wayelingana 240 mm ubude kunye-25 mm ububanzi. Ngenxa lo msesane, onencula saqhotyoshelwa kule kuwugcina ngokuwubopha le umpu.

Ukuqwalasela nezitshetshe onencula II, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula onencula ukuya abathungi self-bamthethela umgcini Rakova kunye Bulkin, uphuhliso ogama kwenzeka ngo-1940. Blade yale umpu abe amandla okhethekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba umpu akuthethi ukuba yamkelwe, ngoko nje embalwa iisampula zovavanyo ngasekhohlo.

Kwabakho i onencula ersatz, okanye, njengoko ebizwa kwakhona "yaye kuvalwe", nto leyo kwakhululwa eLeningrad ngexesha ukuqapha. Kuye ezisetyenziswa ngokudibene Mosin umpu incakuba fixed efanayo Komarnicki.

Yotshintsho onencula-imela AK-47

Kwase yomfuziselo yokuqala onencula-imela AK-47 waba likhaba zixhonywe SVT-40. New onencula Kalashnikov rifle ethile ezifanayo kunye "Tokarevskiy" blade, kodwa kukho iyantlukwano kweli lock esiqwini.

Ngaphandle imela yokubamba iquka nemihlathi banqumle ngeplastiki yaye icandelo square emnqamlezweni.

Onencula ATM kakhulu nje ubeke phezu nesiqu kumatshini ngenxa yobukho nemisesane, kunye Kwasika esiswini spring. Ubude lilonke imveliso 315 mm, ke yakudubula 205 millmetrovym, ububanzi baso baba 22 mm. imela lwendaba ibekwe kwi umatshini ngendlela yokuba blade wayo umva kwaye nazo phezulu, lo gama ukusetyenziswa "imveliso 6 × 2" njengoko izixhobo ukusika ziye axakeke kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo abaziintsizana emphinini. Ngoko ke, imodeli yokuqala onencula kwinkonzo ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Njengoko umkhosi mbini isixhobo, onencula AK-47 (ixabiso layo ngoku malunga $ 80) zifunwa phakathi iingcali ze kwakudala kunye nezixhobo yamandulo.

Ngomhla kwase yomfuziselo mihla a onencula-imela AK

Emva ukulwa imela Kalashnikov yaba onencula umkhosi, ogama "imveliso ye 6 × 3". Waye kwaoko ithathelwe zenkonzo umkhosi yiSoviet Union ngowe-1959 I-umatshini we-Blade wakhonza ngemela, yamkelwa nje kokuba yayamkela Scouts elwandle, uphuhliso ogama bobabo Navy uLieutenant Colonel Todorovu R. M. beqalile 1956, ubukrelekrele aselwandle ukusisebenzisa njengeyunithi yokulwa .

It isixhobo mbini yafakwa kunye umngxuma zobugcisa kunye noyilo ezizodwa esingxobeni, ukuze ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa steel wire ubukhulu kunye iingcingo zombane, ngokuba emphinini kunye esingxotyeni yinto yokwambathisa. Le imela ingaba iinzipho namarhela njengoko ezibe elunxwemeni inotshi isarha. Ngoku onencula iyonke ubude lingana-280 mm, kwaye incakuba nemilinganiselo baba 150 × 30 mm. Imela iye yaba lula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa ngoncedo inguqu enkulu ubungakanani inguquko yangaphambili.

On imifuziselo yamva imela

Onencula AK-47 waba esingxotyeni salo ngentsimbi kunye ngelaphu umtya, apho izixhobo kuxhonywe phezulu ebhantini ezimile. Ukusetyenziswa esingxobeni njengento abangabancedani ukuba ukuphunyezwa Mininzi imisebenzi, linyuke kakhulu ithuba ngentsimbi ebandayo. OloNgezelelweyo functionality onencula imela lula kakhulu nokukhawulezisa ukubulawa iiyunithi yomkhosi yokulwa koxolo.

Emva "ezintathu", umfuziselo "imveliso 6 × 4". Enyanisweni, ukuba AKM onencula, kunye nentwana kamva waqalisa ukuba isicelo AK-74. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba yahlukile ukusuka kwinguqulelo yangaphambili kancincane uhlobo emphinini kunye esingxotyeni yesinyithi eyenziwe ngeplastiki ifuthe ezingatshiyo. Ukongeza, ugxininiso olulodwa, ukuba yeharim onencula lwalwenziwe phantsi Umphanda umatshini. izixhobo Melee ngoku mbini kunye blade ezininzi ezimfutshane kunye isiphelo elibukhali kakhulu.

Ubukho okusarhela ikhaba ngokulula ivumela ukuba wabona imivalo yesinyithi. Kwi esingxotyeni unalo isikhonkwane elimbhoxo ezizodwa cutouts ezimile. Ngenxa onencula unako ukusebenza njengoko izikere snacking ngocingo. Iyonke ubude 'amanqaku 6 × 4 "yajika 10 mm elifutshane imodeli yangaphambili. Iinguqulelo ukukhulula neemela ngo-1959 isicelo kwakhona ukuba IRS.

Wokugqibela "Mohicans"

Army Uphuhliso onencula ka-1989 yaba ngulowo yokugqibela kule ntsapho. "Inqaku lesi-6 × 5" lalisetyenziswa nje isixhobo melee ukulwa usondele imifuziselo ye AK-74 kuzo zonke uguqulelo, AK-100 nakwinkqubo Nikonov umatshini (umba '94). Musa ukulibala ukuba okunye zakutshanje SVD kwakhona iye yaxhobisa with "abahlanu". Xa sithelekisa onencula AK-47 "inqaku 6 × 5", kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulandela indlela intuthuko wayesele iminyaka emininzi.

Okokuqala, imodeli entsha imela yahlukile iinguqulelo ezidlulileyo zefom kakhulu ngakumbi intsimbi, nto leyo iba entanjeni matte. Uye inkqubela ebonakalayo aphathe imveliso.

Ngoku AKM onencula imela yabanjwa esandleni lula kakhulu ngenxa yobukho bulges ezinqamlezayo kumqheba. Ukongeza, phezu esingxotyeni kwaye Watsho sangena nesiphatho ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ithuba ukuze ndimaphule inxalenye seplastiki, kuba zenziwa ifayibha yeglasi ultra-womelele ngakumbi polyamide. Ubude ngu 260 mm, ikhaba - 160 mm ububanzi bayo ngu-29 mm. Onencula AK-47, kwakunye nazo zonke iindlela ezilandelayo, inomsebenzisi iimpawu leyo kukuba sangqa icici imela ayikatshintshi kwaye zonke iinguqulelo ze 17.7 mm.

Imveliso practice 6x2

Onencula AK-47 (ingasentla) iseke ngokwayo njenge isixhobo ethembekileyo elula kakhulu yokuqhutywa yokulwa bengaxhobanga. Imela ikwafaka iziqalelo ilungileyo yiSoviet yokulwa iimela. Yena uhleli kamnandi esandleni, yaye sturdiness le ubude blade akuxhomekekanga ezikhethwe ithuba ─ imela ngokugqibeleleyo elungeleleneyo xa esebenza naye.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ikhaba sentsimbi kule modeli lithambile kakhulu zokuguqulwa kamva. Kule meko, onencula AK-47 eSoviet Union akayi kuyaphula ekuqhutyweni imela zokulwa, kwaye na omelana inkqonkqoze nzima kwaye iwela kwindawo eqinileyo. Ku nga ekuqaleni kucingelwa ukuba umfuziselo 47th we onencula eziza kusetyenziswa ukusika ucingo okanye ukusika metal, ngoko izisombululo uyilo elikhetheke ngokwenene akukho ulandelwe. Kodwa ukuba kumashini, kwaye esandleni lijoni, ngokufanayo kakuhle etshaya utshaba.

"Finca» ─ omnye uqobo lweleta le bayonets yomkhosi

amajoni Russian bebesoloko wayedume ubuchule bakhe ukuba umlo osenyongweni kwaye umyalelo okuzalisekileyo imikhwa. Xa iimbumbulu yaphela, umlweli eSoviet belisoloko wahlala ithemba lokugqibela ─ HP-40, Inkululo intlola imela 1940 Ewe, lo "Finca" idumileyo leyo ndikhwankqiswe utshaba. Uyilo "intlola imela" yaye ubukhulu becala abolekwe nezitshetshe Finnish Puukko. "Finca" ngokukhawuleza ndizuze kuthandwa eSoviet Union, yaye kungekudala imela savunywayo.

It wenziwe ngentsimbi eqinileyo, ibe ubukhulu compact yaye ukhululekile kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. In pre-revolution eRashiya, imela yaveliswa kukuninzi. Le vachinskie kakhulu ethandwa "Finca", nto leyo kwenziwa kummandla Nizhny Novgorod kumzi-mveliso "Trud". ethandwa Blade kaThixo yafikelela obude nanto. Waba kakhulu asetyenziswe kwizangqa lolwaphulo ka Soviet Russia, kwaye ekuqaleni 1930 imela ukuba phantse wonke umntu. Ekuqaleni kuka 1935, umlomo ukwenziwa, ilifa kunye ethwele izixhobo, kuquka ezibandayo.

Malunga edume "imela NKVD"

Abemi Simple eSoviet ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela ukuthwala iimela. Noko ke, oku akuzange ezingabo abasebenzi iqela kunye nabasebenzi NKVD, owathi ngo-1935 bafumana Finnish iingcibi vachinskih iimela yokuvelisa njengezixhobo non-abulala for self-yokuzikhusela. Isiseko ekuveliseni iingalo ebandayo onobuhle kwiinkampani iimela Swedish Holmberg wasiwa.

"Holmbergovskie Finn" uvaliwe ngurhulumente ukuze isetyenziswe luluntu jikelele. Kumacala omabini imela kukho ezihlanjeni, naphambi emphinini yi ngumgcini walo. Handle imveliso kwaba karbolitovoy. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba le imela kwaba lula gqitha xa besebenza ndawonye eduze, kwaye ngelixa bamgcine ezahlukeneyo ngokwaneleyo. "Knife of the NKVD," waba prototype iingalo ebandayo amajoni Soviet ekuqaleni kuka 1940

"Cherry" for Scouts

Nangona AT-40 iye yamkelwa waseUSSR, iimela ayengenalo ekuqaleni kwemfazwe. Ingakumbi basweleyo ngamandla ukuba ezikumgangatho ophezulu imela paratroopers Soviet kunye Scouts. Ngoko ke, ngo-1943 kwakukho "Cherry» ─ imela HP-43. umatshini alo njenge "imela intlola" 1940 ukukhululwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha isiphatho incakuba thile elide.

Wooden handle lwakhawuleza indawo yeplastiki intloko ngensimbi inxenye. ubude imveliso 270 mm, kwaye ke yakudubula 158 mm. "Cherry" kokuba utyale imali, lisesingxobeni yesikhumba ukuba sixhonywe ibhanti. Emva kwemfazwe, amazwe amaninzi aye amukela "imela intlola" njengomzekelo ukwenziwa izigalo. nakwiiyunithi zabo ngamandla.

Imbali akukho zitshone zisabonakala

I edumileyo mkhosi iintshengece NA-40 kunye HP-43 "Cherry" elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze singene eSoviet Army. Nesitshetshe Army umba 1940 wahlala nje isixhobo de yee-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaye 43th "Cherry" kwaye unanamhla lisetyenziswa kwinani ngabasemagunyeni Russian.

HP-43 lidumile, oko kungathathelwa ingqalelo nabavelisi iimela mihla. Umzekelo, Versmsky izityalo "Saro" ivelise imveliso ye HP-2000, kukho umatshini leyo yaba odumileyo "Cherry".

"Ulwahlulwa-imela abamnyama"

Ngowe-1943, e-Zlatoust abasebenzi isixhobo izityalo wavelisa inyanda iincakuba, leyo phantse ibe ezifanayo ngqo 40 imela imodeli yomkhosi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi iimela yahlukile NA-40 waba umbala omnyama. iikopi 3356 of yabe banikwa itanki lamajoni mlilo NjengeVolontiya Urals.

Xa amajoni weza phambi kwangoko inkonzo yezobuntlola isiJamani ngokuba "division of imela abamnyama" ngenxa umbala engaqhelekanga esingxobeni nokusingatha. Fighters "shvartsmesser-division" ngamandla alwa iimfazwe. Kuba Merit ntliziyo itanki Military angaphathi wafumana itayitile "Guards".

iimfuneko jikelele iintshengece ukulwa impi

Kuba lula yonke melee yokulwa iimela kufuneka abe blade ekuloleni-kabini ezimbini. Kunqweneleka ukuba igqabi-imilo, nto leyo eyandisa ngobuchule izithonga isicelo yotshaba. imela ububanzi ekulweni kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-30 mm, ekubeni litha libanzi kwandisa umgangatho nangokukrola imveliso.

Ukuthintela ukuza isandla phezu likhaba off kuyimfuneko ukuphatha Watsho sangena nesiphatho yafakwa nge limiter. Esingxotyeni kufuneka ukholosile ubambe ikhaba ngaphandle zokubopha yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba xa kuyimfuneko imela ngokulula kongezeleka intshukumo ngokukhawuleza esandleni. Weight imela ukuqhuba yokulwa close mayingagqithi grams 300. Ekubeni iisampulu umkhosi yenzelwe ukwenza yokulwa imishini, nto leyo ekungelula ukutshatyalaliswa lutshaba, umpu ulupwa kufuneka lungqanyaniswe belahla. Ngoko ke, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa apha ngamandla yezixhobo zentsimbi.