Iingalo Small: AK-12. Features AK-12

Makhe uqale ingxoxo yethu malunga AK-12 kunye isigama. abafundi abaninzi baya ekuqaleni ukufumanisa isikhubekiso. Bona badidekile, bengazi ukuba uhlobo izixhobo: umatshini umpu okanye rifle. Siza kukhawuleza ukunazisa ukuba inyaniso kulo, njengoko kwiimeko ezininzi, kulula kakhulu: ibe yinto enye. igama Russian "umatshini" (kwaqala kusetyenziso armourer Frolov) e IsiNgesi ekuqaleni kwakuhambisana rifle, oko kuthetha "rifle."

New AK-12 yenzelwe kwi Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant phantsi kolwalathiso injineli oyintloko zeqela - Tula gunsmith Zlobin Vladimir Viktorovich.

Esi sixhobo V imidlalo isizukulwana kusekelwe kwiteknoloji zale mihla matshini yamandulo, ezibandakanya indlela ende piston igesi kunye batshintshana lizulu. utshintsho ebalulekileyo lwezakhiwo ukuya receiver.

Ukuqondisa ephambili ukuphuculwa yaba kukwanda ukuchana lomlilo, ergonomics ephuculiweyo, uyilo ezintsha yemodyuli, eziphambili "soft" umphunga esizisebenzelayo, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iintlobo izindululi sokuqhumisa. Eyona gauge izixhobo (enikwe milimitha) - 5.45 39 (ngokunjalo AK-74). Noko ke, njengoko kuya kwenziwa kunye nezinye calibers: 5,56 ukuya 45; 7,62 ukuya 39; 7,62 ukuya 51. Ukuveliswa Kulindeleke 7,62 51 (NATO standard) kunye 6,5 Grendel.

ukuqashwa

Indlela ukuchaza ikuqhuma entsha ekuhlaseleni isebenze? Ukususela ngoNovemba wonyaka ophelileyo, njengoko nisazi, malunga firings uvavanyo lweziko lwenzelwa izhmashevskoy kwisiseko test, kwaqinisekiswa iimpawu ibhengeze lo matshini. Entwasahlobo ka-2014 oko kugqitywe umsebenzi wayo razrabotcheskie kunye zeemvavanyo TSNIITOCHMASH, kunye AK-12 ukuya enkonzweni. Amajoni iya ekwenziweni, ethi 5,45 no 7,62 mm. Kwakhona, le isixhobo entsha iya ngenkuthalo ngaphandle. Qaphela ukuba enye iingcinga indalo yayo yaba ukwanda isabelo Russian imarike iingalo ngamazwe ngenxa yokhuphiswano oluyimpumelelo kunye iisampuli basemzini koomatshini.

Zizo eziza nale ngcaciso kwingxelo by Oleg Bochkarev, usekela-sihlalo kwisakhiwo zomkhosi industrial likaRhulumente Russian kwi 16.09.2013, kudliwano-ndlebe kunye kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo "Echo of eMoscow".

Olunye ulwazi avuza ukusuka kwiphephandaba "Vzglyad", ibonisa ukuba uMongameli of Russia yamkele koomatshini update olandelayo scheme Defense Ubulungiseleli: Russian Technologies iqumrhu zaba umatshini enye entsha endala emithathu iSebe lezoKhuselo nezixhobo zokubeka.

Le umpu ukubetha omtsha, eyenzelwe ukuba indawo emi izixhobo AK-74. Namhlanje, njengokuba sisazi, le modeli wenza esisiseko isikhali elihamba. It, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, ukulungiselelwa, kuqala kwangaphambili (kwi "ephazamisayo" uphuhliso kukhuphiswano "Abakan"), kwaye ke ngoko - yenyathelo sawo 2013-2014. (Ngelo nzulu "Abakan idabi" ekujoliswe konstuirovaem entsha "Kalashnikov"). Iimvavanyo wabonisa AK-12: emarikeni iingalo kweza isixhobo esitsha loyikekayo, ngeendlela ezininzi iimpawu afohlela neendleko amanye amazwe.

iziphuculwa ezingundoqo

Ngenxa yoko, nomsebenzi oyilwayo kwi inguqu ngezizukulwana V "Kalashnikov" kuyilo basic AK-74M (IV Generation) 18 eyenziwe utshintsho angundoqo kwisakhiwo. Ngelo xesha likwazile ukulondoloza Classic "Kalashnikov" ukuma, ukuthembeka kunye lula.

AK-12 sinikezwe abathungi ezintsha ukuqala inkqubo evumela ukuba leHamas iindidi ezintathu lomlilo: izithonga olunye, ngokudubula Ungqabhuko, Ukuvutha enomsindo asisifutshane (kunqunyulwa-off) - kule mijikelo ezintathu.

inkqubela ebonakalayo: ekugqibeleni i izikhali oluzenzekelayo Russian emva kweminyaka yokuxoxwa kunjalo, bafaka ulawulo obutofotofo ngokwenene ergonomic.

Xa izilingo waphawula kube lula ngokusonga telescoping buttstock, abalibona ngesiphatho. Used yomntu yahlaba inkomo ezimbini ukuguqulwa. Lokuqala - lowo, eneneni, umntu a Kalashnikov AK-74. Elesibini - a manufacturable ngakumbi, owawusisibonakude kunye hlengiso ezintlanu sikhundla. Le yokugqibela ivumela iingalo ngokugqibeleleyo kufanelekile phantsi anthropometry notolo. Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphise bahlehla, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo kuchaphazela ngokuchaneka komlilo. Ukuphuculwa imo sokudubula umda.

Lo matshini uba uyilo yemodyuli, nto leyo evumela ukufaka imiphanda interchangeable of bodidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobude. It yenzelwe njengeqonga base obandakanya uphuhliso zokuguqulwa 20 ezilandelayo.

Xa eyila i Russian rifle entsha usebenzisa izinto zakutshanje kunye Coatings. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa 10 izisombululo yantlandlolo lobunikazi zobugcisa.

ergonomics

Sebenzisa i AK-12 ekhohlo-hander iya kuba njengento elula njengoba ekunene-hander: isiphatho ukuba uyitshaje, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo benkosi, ngokulula ngokutsha okanye ekhohlo okanye ekunene. Kakade ke, ukuba nefuthe elakhayo yokulwa wayo zenzeko zilandelayo phawu ezicacileyo ephethe umatshini ngesandla mnye, kuya kuba lula ukuswitsha iintlobo ezifanayo lomlilo, eyenziwe ibhendi engoovimba, ukubeka isixhobo phezu fuse, aze adubule naye. Ukuze wenze oku, ingakumbi yokudubula nasesithupheni sesandla exhobele ndlela-2 ndlela-4 umguquleli-fuse.

ixesha recharge kuncitshiswe AK-12 ngeendleko ze zokwakha entsha isilayidi iqhosha stop lula ukufikelela ngentla evenkileni, ekunene kwi receiver. Machine na isakhiwo ngqongqo: yokomelezwa yomfumani egubungele ngeendleko kukho unxibelelwano ethembekileyo phambi uxhulumaniso zawo receiver. Xa nesabelo salo ngasemva le cap enyusiweyo yi azisebenzisele ekhethekileyo Kwasika esiswini actuable ibekwe phezu kwaso efanayo ngasemva-ekunene.

device imvelaphi inyuselwa khona

Xa indlela ngesibopheleli ngcono ngokuqinileyo indawo kwesigubungelo yomfumani kuthelekiswa le bhafu, nto leyo idala amathuba ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa iziqhoboshelo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba kube lula lo msebenzi ezongezelelweyo, isiciko receiver igqityiwe Picatinny rail (kwakhona ukusuka ezantsi kunye namacala ukuba ezi ziyenza kunye kwigumbi negesi).

Ngoncedo lwabo, "Betha izihlahla 'omtsha' Kalashnikov" AK-12 iba isindululi ephoswa. Ngomhla isibiyeli foregrip esezantsi ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo izindululi sokuqhumisa 40 mm GP-25 "Umlilo" eqhotyoshelweyo (ngenxa yokwaphuka imikhosi eziphilayo lotshaba), 40-mm GP-30 "Obuvka" ngenxa zokudubula ebudeni caseless iimbumbulu, 40 mm eziphuculweyo (akanalo misfire) GP-34.

Injongo ngcono

Ukuphuculwa umphunga oluzenzekelayo inikwe balance ngokupheleleyo ezihambayo kunye neendlela, ukusetyenziswa liphezulu iziqhoboshi ekhaleni - konke oku yeyona ndlela imfutshane yazisa ikuqhuma ukuhlaselwa entsha esilingana yokusebenza ukuya automatics elungeleleneyo (AK-107).

Kalashnikov AK-12 nee-ngomsonto kwiqela ephuculiweyo ekungeneni, nto leyo iba nefuthe entle parameters okuchaneka.

Sele ekhankanywe kweli indlela nqaku Innovation kubangela. Songeza ukuba kukuvumela ukufikelela izinga komsebenzi xa adubula ukucuthelwa-off rounds 1000 ngomzuzu, nofolo - 600 (kuba ngaxeshanye). Kwinguqu esa iindlela ukudubula yenziwa ngaphandle kokuthatha amehlo abo emehlweni utolo amagqabi. Phambi utshintsho ngokulula ufikelela ubhontsi wakho, cofa adubule. Le intshukumo ilula, ngokukhawuleza kwaziswa automatism.

New AK-12, ngenxa komcu ngasentla, wafumana ithuba kwezixhobo ngesibopheleli kuchaphazela ngqo ukuchana lokudubula: zonke iintlobo izinto (enombala, umzekelo, ACOG kaThixo, collimator, ebusuku, oomatshini), designators laser kunye izibane ezithile. Ukuchaneka yokudubula kwakhona ifutha ngokwakhayo ukwanda ubude abalibona ukususwa ingabonwa angasemva umva.

iimpawu Ukulwa

Izixhobo AK-12 (isizukulwana V Russian afohlela) neneempawu zobugcisa kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe (bona. Itheyibhile 1).

yokulwa iimpawu	Iimpawu
Ukuvuleka, mm	5,45 ukuya 39; 5,56 ukuya 45; 7,62 ukuya 39; 7,62 ku 51 NATO
uhlobo Controller	Gas iplagi isivingco rotary
ubude
AK-12, funda	110 - adjoin onencula; lempundu - 94.5; Lempundu isusiwe - 72,5
Esiqwini, ubone	41,5
Weight, g	3300 (akukho ezivenkileni)
iimpawu ingathengwa AK-12
Isantya yecala, ipali ngomzuzu	Ufolo - 600; umda - 1000
AK-12, iimpawu yokulwa amandla (neekhatriji oonina)	Classic Shop AK (30); magazini ibhokisi umqolo-4 (60); Drum (95)
Velocity kuwugcina ngokuwubopha (sokuqala)	0.9 km / s
Olusebenzayo. Abalibona. ibanga	0.6 km
Abalibona line (mm)	Ukubona sectored zihlangene - 414 mm diopter zangaphandle - 583 mm

Ukuthelekisa ne NATO-vskimi afohlela

Kanye kwindawo kawonke kwakukho ifoto AK-12, le nto nangoko wamvusa livakale enkulu, abaninzi bafuna iimpawu zakhe kuxoxwa. Emva kwacaca ukuba uyilo omtsha wadala ihlabathi-iklasi izixhobo ezincinane oluzenzekelayo. Leyo mali kukhuphiswano nikufanele afohlela ye phambili kumazwe-nxaxheba NATO. Ingxelo yokugqibela Le ezithile itheyibhile uthelekiso ilandelayo.

Table 2. Ukuthelekiswa yaseRussia AK-12 kunye isiseko NATO izixhobo oluzenzekelayo

	Italy	United States	Germany	Austria	Russia
	Beretta ARX 160	M16A4	HK416 14,5 "	Steyr A3 uAUG	AK-12
Unyaka kwamkelwe	2009	1994	2005	2005	2014
Ubunzima (zihlala) kg	3	3,55	3,56	3.9	3.2
Ubude dec. umhlana; mm	950	1000	950	745	940
mm ubude ethatha	406	510	420	455	415
ukuvuleka	5,56 mm ukuya kwi-45 mm	5,56 mm ukuya kwi-45 mm	5,56 mm ukuya kwi-45 mm	5,56 mm ukuya kwi-45 mm	5,45 mm ukuya kwi-39 mm
ukudubula uhlobo	eyodwa	eyodwa	eyodwa	eyodwa	eyodwa
	automatic	Le cut-off of kuqhume 3	automatic	automatic	Le cut-off of kuqhume 3
		automatic			automatic
Izinga RDS. / Min	700	700-950	850	680-750	650-1000
Isantya kwelinye, km / s (Basic.)	n / d	0.85	0.75	0,99	0.9
Effect. elizayo. ukudubula	0.6 km	0.6 km	0.4 km	0.5 km	0.6 km
umthamo magazini	100 nemoto; 30 rounds	Ukususela imijikelo 20 ukuya 100 emthethweni; 30 rounds standard	Ukususela imijikelo 20 ukuya 100 emthethweni; 30 rounds standard	42 rounds emthethweni; 30 rounds	95, 60, 30 rounds
emehlweni basic	Le emehlweni ivuliwe	diopter emehlweni	diopter emehlweni	Optical emehlweni 1.5X	diopter emehlweni eliguqukayo. okanye uvule
Le abalibona attachment	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny
sokuqhumisa ngoku-		M203	HK AG36	M203	GP-25, 30,34

Njengoko kubonakala etafileni, uninzi parameters ngaphambi kontanga yayo kwi AK-12. Iimpawu izixhobo Russian kakhulu ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Nokuvavanywa ngokutsha iingalo Russian Committe ukulwa ukusetyenziswa AK

Mhlawumbi waqaphela tri-imowudi zokudubula AK-12 (izixhobo Ifoto kwinqaku ukubonisa iswitshi lever-umkhethi). Yintoni na isizathu? Okokuqala - kunye notshintsho ngcinga ukulwa ukusetyenziswa entsha "Kalashnikov". isayensi Soviet zomkhosi ichonge iminyaka emininzi ukuba Ungqabhuko leHamas umlilo ingqalelo imbono ephambili yale matshini. Le mbono eziphosakeleyo de kutshanje elaye loyisa ukudubula eSoviet yoncwadi lwamandulo. Ikakhulu phantsi kwayo, yaye AK kunye AKM. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba indlela ukudala ezixineneyo yomlilo, ke ngoko, xi ubuninzi firepower.

Enye yezinto eziphambili izazinzulu Russian entsimini kompu Sergey Borisovich Monetchikov umsebenzi wakhe ekhankanywe kwaye bugwetyelwe nembono esengqiqweni ngakumbi lo mbandela.

Okokuqala makhe sihlolisise iimeko zokuqala ukusuka apho isinyanzelo bathwale isayensi emkhosini. Le ijoni emthethweni. Kucacile ukuba ngesibonelelo iimeko kakhulu njongo. Soldier, yambethe umpu, kungabangela kwinkxalabo ubuninzi 8-10 koovimba. Ngoko ke, ithemba "basenokuthetha 'ithuba lakhe ekuqaleni edabini umngeni zombini ukuphunyezwa joni yokulwa mission, kunye kwalo ekulweni efanayo. Ngaphandle oku, kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo into yokuba isixhobo ubushushu. Xa ukudubula Ungqabhuko yale nkqubo kakhulu kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngokugqithiseleyo yabenzi iingalo "Impindezelo yeyam" utolo accuracy eliphantsi. Kwimeko umlo zibe ngumqulu evaliweyo (ngaphakathi) Ungqabhuko ukudubula kwakugcwele ebuyile akucingeleki, ukutola ebulalayo. Genius Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov yaye ilungile ngokupheleleyo, efundisa amajoni "ukuze kukhuselwe iCartridge." Le ngcamango, Kakade ke, kungekhona enganobungozi uxinzelelo ukudutyulwa kwi utshaba yaqaphela ngezikrweqe ingqalelo. Kamva kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela leHamas yayizindlela ezintsha "Kalashnikov".

ukudubula eyodwa

Xa pfu esemagqagaleni ukubonakala elungileyo esuke ukudubula nemoto eyodwa. Asimele silibale ukuba mu lupwa akusebenzi esebenzayo-dash lokwenza embetha yesekethe ekujoliswe ngokugquma kuyo iimbumbulu ezininzi. In-dash ne-bume cwaka ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchule ejolise "emlenzeni ngasekhohlo," okanye umkhondo iliso ukuze injongo. Kwimeko yokulwa amajoni apho xi into ungakwazi ukuchaneka, ifuthe ukudinwa ngokwasemzimbeni, izixhobo zokuzikhusela, njl Shoot ufolo ngexesha elinye - kwemfuneko engenanto.

Kwenzeka ukukhetha zijolise ngenyameko yonke shot single. ukuzabalaza kakuhle edubule engalawulekiyo olunye, kungekhona ekhutshwe phantsi zihlabane ejolise, kwaye ngokuhlanganisa izibawu kunye nenjongo. AK-12 kule meko zilula kakhulu. indlela lakhe ukudubula egudileyo emva zokudubula phantse kuthatha esijolise ithagethi, ngelixa uncedisa ukusebenza nangakumbi isibane eyodwa esigama.

Nokudubula Ukuvutha elifutshane

Olu hlobo lomlilo isebenzayo isanda impi ekude xa iimeko amahlwempu ukubonakala (ebusuku, umsi, eluhlaza okuqaqambileyo). Phantsi kwezi meko, kwinqanaba lokuqala kungquzulwano kunye utshaba akucacanga kusoloko apho ngempela. Ngoncedo Ungqabhuko lebyi ezimfutshane wavelisa "kwekhono" utshaba.

Emva koko ke umbulali ihamba phezu ukudubula olunye kwizikhundla utshaba enye ezichongiweyo. Kukho enye indlela. Ukuvutha 6-8 rounds emsebenzini kulalelwe amabutho lutshaba ibekwe kwicandelo badubula hayi ingomso. Ngoko ke umlilo yafikelela ingxinano ubukhulu kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, isicelo umonakalo ezinintsi kutshaba. Izinga AK-12 uphetha 600/1000 njani ngempumelelo ukwenza yalo msebenzi.

umda ngokudubula

Le imililo joni, ukuhlala statics kunye neentshukumo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, uye ukudubula, iyahlozinga. Kwiimeko ezinjalo ubuninzi imo ngendlela umda. Ukongeza, kuba AK-12, kakuhle, bungqinelwa intsalela 'umnyele: buti ayikho ingozi yokuba wajika-phezulu kwaye, ngaphezu koko, kuphunyezwa ukuchaneka elungileyo.

Ukudubula Ukuvutha elide

Olu hlobo nokudubula lisetyenziswa ukuhlasela, ukuba iimeko ubuncinane ricochet iimbumbulu. Amaxesha amaninzi, Abahlaseli andazi apho ubusithelisayo utshaba elikhuselayo. Ukudubula Ungqabhuko elide liyayivumela ukuba Nokwethisa i (mhlawumbi okwethutyana, kukwabalulekile) akukho ichaphaza, yaye ngoko nangoko - kwisithuba isixa esithile indawo.

isiphelo

I entsha Kalashnikov rifle AK-12 - njengebhakana kumgangatho ngamnye sizukulwana, nemveliso kushishino wokhuselo Russian.

Le isikhali ezithembekileyo eliphezulu zobugcisa waqinisekisa uphawu KB Kalashnikov. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu ukulwa elihle lalo ingabizwa static kuphela. Dynamics kwesicelo AK-12 (photo joni ukudutyulwa ilothe, Supra.), M. E. ukusebenza kwayo ukulwa ibonakalisiwe kwi Performance ingxubevange kunye ubuchule nezakhono zabasebenzi. Ukuze wenze oku, kubalulekile uphumezo isibonisi njengokuba isikhewu, imithambo ngokudutyulwa yaye ezibandayo wabo yokudibanisa, amajoni uloliwe. Kufuneka bakwazi umlilo ngokuchanekileyo nje kuphela, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba asebenzise iindlela ukudubula "Kalashnikov", kuxhomekeke iimpawu meko yokulwa.