Old Tatar zokuhlala. Kazan ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Sloboda Wamakhosi eRashiya wayebizwa ngokuba lali, abemi bawo ukuba ngamakhoboka okanye namadlelo isixeko. Old Tatar yokuhlala - yangaphambili kwilali lwezo ndawo zikufutshane nasezidolophini, kodwa ngoku inxalenye esemazantsi central kwisithili Kazan, intliziyo ngembali umzi.

Imbali ingenzeka

Kwakukho esi sisombululo, emva kokuba kuthinjwe Kazan Ivanom Groznym ngo-1552. abahlala lokuqala baqalisa AmaTatar - okulwa izinduna, inxaxheba kuloyiso lali. Ngowe-1556, apha, ngaphandle komzi, ukuba bagxothwe embindini AmaTatar, lowo ukuba eze kunikela bevangeli Orthodox ukuxhathisa. Kodwa ke, apha kunxweme Lake Kaban, kwaye oku kuye abangqine abembi, imizana ngaphambili. Ekuqaleni, njengokuba kudla ngokwenzeka, i-Old-Tatar Sloboda yaba isitrato sasinye yade ecaleni idike.

Formation of yokuhlala

Ngexesha lokuqala documentary akuthethwa nto encwadini, zokuhlala 1565-1568 Scribe yaba kwihlomela, ukuba iiyadi 150 nezenziwe kwezitalato eziliqela isiphelo ofileyo-. Yena owaxhina ukusuka emntla ukuya mpuma. Kuye mda kodonga lasekhohlo ulwandle lomsele Nizhny Kaban Bulak eyayidibanisa umlambo Kazanka, isebe iVolga, kunye namachibi foar. Kwicala langasentla Old Tatar yokuhlala kuphela imarike engundoqo. Ngoku yena kummandla South Central umzi Vakhitovsky. Njengoko ukuyilwa kwihlomela waba zahlulo zithathu - le sisemazantsi, imibhobho ngenxa Bulak, tywa amagcisa, yaba inxalenye industrial yeendawo zokuhlala. Inxenye esemantla, sajika besondela kuwo umzi, liye laba lishishini, ihlomela kweziko yinxalenye yenkcubeko zokuhlala.

Iziko imbali yeendawo zokuhlala

Isitrato esikhulu le ezithili zemfundo sixeko Tukai esitratweni. Kazan iye immortalized kwisikhumbuzo imbongi lwabo wesizwe Gabdulla Tukai (iminyaka 1886-1913), owayefile, ngokutsho Gorky, ukusuka 'indlala kunye nesifo "xa eneminyaka engama-26, hayi nje kuphela kweli amagama amaziko asezidolophini.

Le isitalato yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo zokuhlala Tatar elite - abarhwebi, mveliso kunye namalungu abefundisi. Iziko le ndawo wembali ngummandla encinane kakhulu Yunusovskaya, sise ekudibaneni kwe Tukai kunye F. Karim.

ukufika benefactress

Kakade ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, izindlu yeplanga kunxitywe, ezidilikileyo, zaye sadilizwa, yaye isihlalo kwakukho isakhiwo esitsha mihla, kanti i-Old Tatar ndawo walondoloza ezizizo izakhiwo ezininzi (wokwenene) Tatar. umonakalo ekhethekileyo izakhiwo eyenziwe ngomthi wabangela umlilo 1842. Emva 1751 iqala ukuya ezantsi zenza New Tatar zokuhlala. Ngowe-1767, Kazan watyelelwa uCatherine II. Yena buqu eligunyazisiweyo ulwakhiwo neemosque amatye. Kwaye xa 1773 wapapasha umthetho odumileyo "Ngomhla nokunyamezela lonqulo," Endala Tatar yokuhlala baqala ukwanda.

Ilitye lokuqala izakhiwo zenkolo

De kufike uKumkanikazi ezilalini kwakukho ezimbini lokukhonzela ngomthi yakhiwa ngo-1749 kunye 1759 kaThixo. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuhamba yomntu yobukumkani, kwangolu 1767, yomrhwebi M. Yunusov iqala ukwakhiwa mosque ngamatye. Ke kaloku ngowokuqala emva kokuba kuthinjwe Kazan Ivanom Groznym kumarhamente abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Wakha ke ngoku mosque Al-Marjani iminyaka emine, kwaye kwemali waqokelela ndawonye lonke ihlabathi. igama layo ukuba ifumene imbeko Imam Shigabutdin Marjani, ababekhonza kwiminyaka 30. Waye utitshala Tatar odumileyo wezakwalizwi. Eli ziko yonqulo wayengekho lavalwa, kwaye kule minyaka ukungakholelwa ukuba nenkani. Ngo-1768 waqalisa ukwakha lokukhonzela ilitye - Bahia (namhlanje Apanaevskaya). Abangabamelwane nelembali ezi zizwana zibini kwaboniswa nokuba ekwakheni iitempile Muslim. Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo Old Tatar e Kazan inama bornay lokukhonzela, apho izinto bokwakha ngokucacileyo ibonakala zombini Tatar kunye bokwakha Russian.

amaziko karhulumente wengingqi

Njengoko ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo waqala ukwakha mahallas. Mahalla - oko eMpuma inxalenye yeendawo zokuhlala, ngokuqhelekileyo ubukhulu ngekota, okwenza urhulumente wengingqi. Eli liziko Mahalla nguye mosque. Ekubeni yokuhlala Old Tatar e Kazan waba mahallas-10, le zamaSilamsi kwaye kwakukho efanayo. era ngokukhululekileyo uCatherine II lubonakala kakuhle kakhulu Kazan: kwidolophu nempumelelo, kwaye kwakukho wakha zindlu ezintle kakhulu kwi indlela kazwelonke.

UPearl of the Old Tatar zokuhlala

Enye kakhulu okuphawuleka ekuthiwa indlu Shamil, ibekwe esitratweni Tukai. Yakhiwa 1863 yi ngusozigidi, labakhandi merchant yokuqala Ibrahim Iskhakovich Apak. Indlu ibekwe kufuphi Yunusovskoy Square, uCatherine Street. Intombi kuphela umntu osisityebi wayetshate unyana leyesithathu Imam Shamil, inkokeli adumileyo mountaineers abaseAfrika. Shamil naye kule dolophu bangabikelwanga holed phezulu esekuthinjweni ukulungela ukusebenza, kodwa ubuntu kwehlabathi yamaMuslim abadumileyo. Ngoko ke, njengokuba intombazana ikhazi oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala watshata umalume kunyaka-45 ubudala, I. I. Apakov iye thaca eli bhotwe, nto leyo iqukiwe kuluhlu "Izinto ukuya Kazan." Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo kunye nelifa lemveli lenkcubeko, apho Museum of Gabdulla Tukai yi 1986, ungaqalisa kunye parameters. Le ndawo lokwakha 430 yezikwere, kwaye umthamo - 4200 cubic metres. Ingaphandle yendlu yi cinca-cinci ku umxholo izakhiwo ephakathi. Kwi olungaphambili kukho machicolations iibhanti (machicolation) arkaturnye (inani Iingqameko zobuxoki), Monograms lubuye turrets kunye amacebo zomgunyathi. Olungaphambili ezihonjiswe bay iifestile kunye risalite (inxalenye yesakhiwo bakhonza ngenxa olungaphambili engundoqo ye line), phezu kophahla kukho intente ophezulu kunye vane yemozulu.

ezinye izinto ezinomtsalane

Ngokupheleleyo zonke Old-Tatar Sloboda i itsala oluntsonkothileyo Kazan. Kodwa kukho izinto ezidinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, hayi nje ukubhiyozela isithili wembali, kodwa sonke isixeko Kazan. Nurullah Mosque yinto lesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Yakhiwa kwiminyaka 1845-1849 entliziyweni kummandla Haymarket ibalulekileyo ngeendleko usapho olunye Yunusov. Esi sakhiwo unique yakhiwa ngumzobi AI Sand, umbhali yale projekthi ibalelwa kwizigidi ezi A. K. Loman. Kukho kwi Old Tatar zokuhlala kunye iBlue Mosque, nto leyo nayo ubudala. Bonke, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ezilishumi, yaye ngamnye ufanelwe ingqalelo. Kukho kwakhona i Tikhvin Church, eyenzelwe iqela elithile AmaTatar abathi Orthodox. Kuzo zonke izinto ezingezo-zonqulo Kuyaphawuleka Apanaeva House kunye Abathengisi House.

Xa ehamba - the best

Jonga kwezi nemimangaliso abantu bevela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Indlela ukuya Old Tatar zokuhlala? Xa sixeko komhlaba ukufumana ezinomtsalane kuba lula kakhulu. "Yesicelo" isikhululo metro ibekwe phantsi Kazan yesicelo - enye sites abakhenkethi engundoqo. stop Okulandelayo - "Square of Tukai". Ukuhlola iziko imbali esi sixeko, ungaya esinye sezi zikhululo. Ukususela kwisikweri ka Tatarstan Tukai street ngaphakathi ukuhamba umgama Old Tatar zokuhlala. Kungenxa phakathi komgama ukuhamba. Kodwa zokuhamba yoluntu kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ukuqhuba - kukho iindlela ezi nombolo ebhasini 3, 5, 7, kunye neebhasi eziliqela. Ukusuka kwezinye iindawo kwisixeko esikhulu ukuya embindini wembali Vakhitovsky ohlulwe kwabanye emlanjeni Kazanka, ifikeleleka ngendlea kwebhulorho "Millennium", sivulele isikhumbuzo 1000th Kazan, kwamadama amathathu kwaye usebenzisa engaphantsi.

idilesi yabadla

izinto Integrated - Old Tatar yokuhlala - idilesi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: South Central Vakhitovsky indawo Kazan sixeko. Kwaye ukuba kufuneka wazi idilesi naziphi iindawo ezithile, nomncedisi yokuqala kule meko iya kuba womnatha. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni na idilesi Al-Marjani? Kubonakala ngathi le nto: Kazan, isitalato Kayum Nasyri, 17 apho House of Shamil? Kazan, ul. Gabdulla Tukai, 74.