Diencephalon

Obuphakathi yeyona nxalenye inkulu kwaye kakhulu abenemfundo ebonakalayo izikhondo ebuchotsheni. Iqulethe inani enkulu umphakathi ukuba amaziko ebaluleke kakhulu yenkqubo yawo, kwakunye yinxalenye yalo iqulathe unamadlala amabini yonyango - esinobubovu pineal kunye ingqondo yebhinqa. Obuphakathi imi kanye I- phakathi zifaka palsy, ukuba libe lelona iphecana ngasemva optic kunye ngomva egqojozwe into, yaye ngaphambi - le chiasm optic.

I-intermediate Isakhiwo ingqondo intsonkothile, kuba linani elikhulu amaziko ezahlukeneyo elawula ukusebenza yesiqhelo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo amalungu kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ebuchotsheni (intermediate) ahluka: epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, ventricle yesithathu le ngxenye.

Le thalamus (hillocks ezibonakalayo) oyinxalenye iperi side. It ukhandwa nokwanda okanye ukugcinwa kwezinto ezingwevu ngohlobo eziba (malunga amane), apho ezahlulwe ngomaleko eqinileyo emhlophe. Epithalamus thaca epiphysis okanye ingaba pineal. Epiphysis ngenkangeleko kufana ikhowuni nompleyini localized phezu quadrigemina ephakathi. Ukusuka ngaphandle kokuba igutyungelwe philisi, ukusuka apho ukwandisa ngaphakathi umnqongo eyahlula epiphysis ibe ngamacetyana.

Metathalamus thaca medial kwaye, kakade, imizimba geniculate osecaleni, ezo kumaziko yokuva mbono. Bona esemva komqamelo iinxalenye ezimbini thalamus kwaye uqhagamshele obuphakathi imilenze colliculus ophezulu ngokuhla. Le ngxenye inikwa ifanele, lo chiasm optic, induli zingwevu, yebhinqa kunye izidumbu ezimbini mastoid. Ingqondo yebhinqa yeyona engundoqo kwinkqubo yonyango, ibekwe kule yebhinqa fossa sella kwi sphenoid. Le ngxenye uvelisa kanye inxalenye esezantsi ye diencephalon.

Yonke ingxenye hypothalamic, apho malunga zamashumi mane indawo yayo sahlulwe ngasemva, esiphakathi kunye ngaphambili, inkoliso yabo aveze neurosecretion. abayingxenye Front emelwe paraventikulyarnymi kunye supraoptic, ngasemva - nuclei hypothalamic nomzimba mastoid, eliphakathi - ezisezantsi nuclei verhnemedialnymi hypothalamic, nuclei kunye ifanele serobugornymi.

Diencephalon ikwaqulathe ventricle wesithathu, nto leyo lweHo- ebuchotsheni. Uxele kwi emazantsi ventricle yesine, ngaphambili umva - ngokusebenzisa foramen interventricular - i ventricles yokuqala neyesibini. Njengazo zonke ezinye, abhaliweyo plexus wesithathu nemithambo, ekuthi kwezo nto kuphume ulwelo fluid.

Umsebenzi ubuchopho eliphakathi kuxhomekeke zayo:

• Kulawulwe inkqubo yonyango, ekubeni diencephalon amalungiselelo yebhinqa kunye pineal. Yebhinqa hormone eshukumisa ukuveliswa zilandelayo: ukukhula, prolactin (isakhono yobisi alveoli kwamadlala mammary uyila), TSH, ACTH, follicle-oluvuselela, luteinizing, lyuteotropnogo, melanotropin, yioxytocin, vasopressin. umsebenzi Neurosecretory le ingaba pineal kukho indlela ecacileyo diurnal. Night synthesizes melatoksin, nto leyo ebandakanyekileyo exchange sakhi, yaye emva kwemini - serotoksin.
• Nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yawo. Kule ngxenye, ibekwe amaziko subcortical of ikhaliphe yawo, ezifana unxano, indlala, kuhluthe, ulonwabo, abenoburhalarhume thermoregulation, kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo iimvakalelo.
• Izidumbu geniculate osecaleni ibekwe amaziko subcortical ngumbono, kwaye medial - ukuva.
• Le thalamus lo embindini Uvakalelo lulonke, ngaphandle ukuqgiba.

Obuphakathi, njengokuba umthetho, inemisebenzi besaphula ubuncinane omnye kubo nemiphumo noqhekeko, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa.