Ukuziqengqa umqulu: inkcazelo, ubugcisa bemveliso kunye nezityalo

Insimbi - enye amasebe eziphambili banamhla. Ngenxa kubo mali karhulumente enabela ezinkulu zemali, ngenxa iimveliso zentsimbi kunye nesinyithi, njengoko umthetho, nguye lo kumazwe angaphandle kwaye yenza imali yengeniso yamazwe angaphandle zombini isityalo nesityalo kwakunye lizwe. Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zezityalo metallurgical, umjikelo yemini leyo isenokuba mhlawumbi epheleleyo okanye engaphelelanga. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, isigaba sokugqibela zomjikelo ukunyibilikisa iya kuba metal-qikeka ukuze bafumane neprofayili efunekayo odla. Kungenxa kule ematyeni ceca ukuvelisa imiqadi, imijelo, neentsimbi kunye nangaphezulu. Izinto ezisisiseko nayiphi lokusila lothuli eqhuba rolls. izityalo Metallurgical olunzima kubo lee, ngoko rolls kuya kuthetha ngokweenkcukacha kweli nqaku.

incazelo jikelele

metal asongwe - lo msebenzi kunokuba nzima, amandla endilichitha kwaye ifuna izakhono ezizodwa kunye nolwazi lwabasebenzi. Ucinezelo kwezinto, nto leyo eyenza umqulu onenombolo, ivumela ukufikelela ubungakanani iprofayile ezithile zigqithiswe. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba adlula ngethuba umsebenzi wabo bathathe iinzame omhle ukuba kwenzeka ngqo kwinkqubo yonke umgca onenombolo. Kungenxa yoko le nto esongwayo kaloliwe - uninzi enxibe iinxalenye nayiphi na lokusila onenombolo.

Ngamacandelo kunye Iimpawu

Zonke adlula lokusila kuba namacandelo aphambili amathathu, kuquka:

• Umgqomo roll. Ukuba banxibelelane ngqo le nkqubo etshisayo, kwaye phantsi otyhidiweyo. Xa umgqomo kukho ezimbini eziphambili yomgama parameter - ubude (L) kunye ubukhulu (od).
• WoMlomo weSibeleko (iibheringi) - ibekwe kwi emacaleni umphanda kunye abanye phezu iibheringi isondo. Linophawu ubude kanye ububanzi.
• Qhuba ekupheleni.

Kuba imiqulu-icandelo lokusila Iimpawu eziphambili zezi: enobubanzi, Turners ubukhulu kunye ubukhulu ukusebenza. Ngaloo iimeko xa esongwayo kaloliwe sisetyenziselwa ujikelezo ngokusebenzisa jikelele uhlobo yokuluka, ekupheleni kwayo drive luya kuba luhlobo ngamaphiko okanye njengesilinda. View ekupheleni cross drive kuya kufuneka ukuba ukujikeleza mqengqeleki inikwa ngendlela iiklabhu (kufuneka omnye ube kufuphi nokuhlangana eliphakathi).

Abhaliweyo ukuze sheet liqengqiwe,

adlula Sheet-ukwakha, imveliso leyo - inkqubo kunokuba nzima, nomnombo lwenziwa tape imicu. Umphanda ukuziqengqa loo ogudileyo amiliswe enembonakalo zezindlu.

adlula Icandelo onenombolo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto njengeqanda enokuthi mhlawumbi isetyhula okanye isikwere cross-icandelo (I-imiqadi, engile).

Emilambo imiqulu ukwenza khaxa kancinane, ukuba zenzelwe ukujika abandayo ikhasi liqengqiwe, metal. Kwezinye iimeko, hot ceca ukusonga komgqomo ukudlulisela imilo phakathi. Oku kungenxa ngexesha intshukumo yomzimba roll metal iya shushu kwaye ayinakolulwa.

Rolls kwimveliso elide

Umphanda imiqulu ezinjalo emathambekeni ezizodwa (imilambo), apho iprofayili kamva phindwa liqengqiwe metal. Brooks pair adlula kwindawo isiphambuka phakathi lesikali akha. Ubude le bhafu izileyi iindidi kuxhomekeke ububanzi iimeko imveliso kunye ekulinganisweni liqengqiwe.

imiqulu elibalulekile Lubonakala enobubanzi wesiqhelo kunye nobude umphanda. Noko ke, ukuba, eminqubeni has a lot of neenqwelwana ezahlukeneyo kunye ububanzi we izileyi, lisalawula ke sangqa uluhlu kokugqiba lokusila.

Ngesivumelwano adlula varietal zahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Kuba nzima maholo lokusila.
• Kuba krupnosortovyh kunye lokusila lothuli.
• Srednesortovogo umvuzo.
• Melkosortovogo umvuzo.
• Kuba okugaya ngocingo.
• Kuba okugaya shtriposvyh.

ukulahlwa imicu

Imveliso Modern of imiqulu njengenye yeendlela eziphambili kukho indlela yokuba eyahlulayo centrifugal. Le ndlela kubiza kakhulu, kodwa ivumela ukuba ngamafuphi ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu ubuninzi obungaphandle lobume metal, leyo kwi umqulu ukusebenza. Enjalo indlela iya kwanda kakhulu ubomi imveliso.

Ngenxa yale ndlela, umatshini olulodwa kusetyenziswa ukuba iasi enqamlezileyo of njengokujikeleza ukungunda ukulahlwa centrifugal. Le fomu ngokwayo ukhwele roller inkxaso. Le nosaziwayo drive ziyaxhonywa ukwenzela ukuba ukujikeleza ngokupheleleyo ukunika inkqubo ungqamaniso. Elise isondo oluphezulu isalamane sokucoceka ukhuseleko ukuya kongqameko onenombolo sokubumba ngokwayo. Ukuze ukufunxa intlokoma phakathi izileyi kunye hub zizinto zokubhala. lokungcangcazela okwehlileyo eguquguqukayo kwifomu ishenxisa amathuba lokufumana umtshato.

imiqulu Baza, indlela centrifugal lwaqhutywa ukusuka exutyiweyo kakhulu kwesinyithi. Xa ezijikelezayo malunga nkqo yokubanda esityhidiweyo kwayo, imihlaba leyo kwisithuba 95% yabo ngumthamo opheleleyo lo maleko lonxibelelwano esongwayo.

Izinto eziluncedo obungenakuphikiswa nokuphosa centrifugal zezi:

• Ukunika ezixineneyo le ncwadi isongwayo.
• Ukwandisa phakade incwadi esongwayo.
• Ukungabikho kwe amaqokobhe, sizizifanya, inclusions nonmetallic, zeBlack.

indlela nzini

Le ndlela yeyona ibiza zokukhokhela rolls, evumela kunjalo lukhuni eliphezulu yonke ngokupheleleyo roll umzimba. Oku iphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka elide.

Kwanokwenza efanayo kakhulu yenzelwa phezu imigca ezikhethekileyo nokuhambisa eziyilwe usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe phambili. Ebubanzini zezi yunithi abe ukuya ku 150 MN.

Efunyenwe ngale ndlela ngoyena wayedla rolls eqhubela phambili kunye slabbing kunye necandelo Mills. Ezi nosaziwayo steel abe eliphezulu ukungavumelani kwe zochuku ngalo mzuzu lokudibana kunye workpiece liqengqiwe. Le ezincinane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izixhaso ngezinga eliphezulu yokunciphisa.

Ngokwawo, nokwakhiwa kubandakanya le manyathelo alandelayo:

• Billetirovku ingot.
• Draft.
• Ukuqala.
• Nasekuqiniseni forgings ubukhulu.

Imiqulu emva yacaca nkqubo ibandakanya unyango ubushushu esimbaxa, isigaba sokugqibela apho ukuba kukho umgangatho lukhuni kunye tempering.

production titanium

Namhlanje, iRussia phakathi kwamazwe agqalisele imarike lehlabathi zentsimbi kunye aluminium. Ngoko ke, ukudalwa components neenxalenye kushishino metallurgical kweli lizwe ngenxa siphene siphambili kuluhlu. Ngokukodwa, i-Magnitogorsk Plant of imiqulu - enye yeenkokheli xa kusenziwa ezi mveliso.

NgoJulayi 2016, lo-yokusebenza lwamashishini ngokuyinyibilikisa entsha ezaqaliswa yamaZiko induction. Aba matshini eliphezulu-zobugcisa kuvumela ukuvelisa aluminium ezintsonkothileyo, ukunciphisa inani ophethe osetyenzisiweyo kwaye ferroalloys. Ukwehla umbane iya kuba malunga ne-10%. mode ukunyibilika ingaqhuba anikhuphe rhoqo 250 Hz, kunye nendawo ophela kunye echukumisayo - kunye rhoqo 125 Hz. Kwakhona ukuthotyelwa ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo: ukuncitshiswa ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi kula yamaziko kwenzeka izihlandlo 2.6.

Ngokubanzi, i Urals, inkampani rhoqo ubonelela emarikeni kunye iimveliso zawo imiqulu eli nokuphuhlisa ngoku.

Sverdlovsk giant

Kananjalo njani ngoyaba Kushvinsky izityalo Mhise rolls. iimveliso zayo zonke iintlobo rolls, amabhandeji kubo. Adlula lweshishini lokusila eyenziweyo besebenzisa izixhobo ezifana esibekwa yokusebenza, ezifana:

• Indefinit.
• Indefinit, ukuphuculwa carbides ezizodwa.
• chrome High uphose yentsimbi.
• steel High-chromium.
• Isantya steel High.

adlula sheet ehlelayo Umhlaza womlomo engundoqo zikhutshwe intsimbi ixesha elide kakhulu.

Rolls for ematyeni icandelo ngokuthimba zisekelwe ngeperlite kunye bainitic exutyiweyo intsimbi ityhidiwe grafayithi nodular okanye ifomu lamellar.

abavelisi Ukrainian

E Ukraine, kukho lweshishini ezintathu eziphambili ekuveliseni Inani: Dnepropetrovsk, izityalo Lutuginsky Novokramatorsky ilisuse kaloliwe.

Dnipro sityalo kuluhlu olubanzi zokukhokhela rolls, hayi kuphela kushishino kodwa ezinye amashishini. Amaxesha amaninzi, le nkampani esebenza ukuba umthengi ethile, izihlanganisi iingcali zalo abaqeqeshwe kakhulu ukusuka kwisebe yobugcisa ukudala iintlobo zemizobo kunye imizekelo ilisuse ezintsha.

Ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kwi Donbas kwi-2014 linyuke kakhulu kwaye gqolo kwezikhundla Lutuginsky sisityalo onenombolo rolls. iimveliso zayo kuphela kubonelela onke amashishini metallurgical Ukraine, kodwa kumazwe amaninzi kufutshane aphesheya naseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, le mpi emkhosini kukhokelele kwinto yokuba isityalo licima phantsi. Ubunzima kunye nempahla lweshishini ezisisigxina. Kodwa ngo-2015 kuba ikwazile ukuba ukuphinda-uqalise inkampani, yaye namhlanje sele iqalile ukufumana imiyalelo evela Russian Federation.

Ulawulo phezu umgangatho imiqulu

Ekuveliseni zonke single lothuli roll compulsorily iya ngokulawula Ubulunga imveliso yawo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe:

• Khemikhali Ukubunjwa izinto yokuqala.
• Ukuhlalutya isakhiwo izinto imveliso (roll).
• Uhlalutyo phambili kunye nejiyometri.
• Ulawulo weqondo yokuqaqadeka umaleko lonxibelelwano esongwayo.
• Ulawulo weqondo uburhabaxa kwindawo osebenzela kuyo.
• Ukuhlalutya isakhiwo kumphezulu maleko le sentsimbi.

ebezithunyelwe

Yonke imiqulu lokugaya (mveliso ezivelisa kubo, zinazo iziqinisekiso umgangatho efanelekileyo) kuziswa ukuba abathengi iphakheji ekhethekileyo. Le upakisha kuvame iibhokisi yamaplanga kunye ushiye, apho ibekwe ngaphakathi izileyi kunye izinto nokubotshwa ayinakutshintshwa ngokuqinileyo. Iipakethe abenzi isikhongozeli nazo ukunikela ingqalelo, kuba looseness uluhlu nokungabikho ukhuselo olwaneleyo baloo msebenzi kunye iindawo ukugaleleka kweemveliso zoshishino kunokukhokelela kakuhle iziphumo ezibi kumbandela adlula esemgangathweni.

isiphelo

rolls Ndiyila, apho iteknoloji mdlalo ukuxoxwa ingenkcukacha ngasentla, kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwi kubangela kwiimveliso ekupheleni ngoncedo lwabo. Ngoko ke, abenzi kubukho bukaThixo ngayo nomnombo ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo nesiqalelo. Nganye intloko lweshishini metallurgical uyazi kakuhle ukuba imeko yobugcisa selitye xa lilonke adlula kumyolelo ethile ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeka inzuzo lokugqibela yonke imveliso.