Novemba 13 - uSuku the Blind. Iziganeko kwi USuku lwaBantu abaKhubazekileyo lwaMazwe the Blind

Hayi nje usuku yovuyo kuphawulwa uluntu ehlabathini. Kukho abo, ngoNovemba 13 - i-USuku lwaBantu abaKhubazekileyo lwaMazwe the Blind. Yaba ngeli xesha 1745, ndazalwa Valentin Haüy - umsunguli omnye okokuqala kwimbali kwezikolo ngenxa iimfama, utitshala kunye abangamavolontiya, owasungula indlela yokufundisa ukufunda kakuhle phambi kokuba udale Braille.

Valentin Haüy - tiflopedagog yokuqala yehlabathi

Inzululwazi imfundo noqeqesho lwabantu abangaboniyo lafumana push yokuqala kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII. Ke yena wavuka kuyo Valentina Gayui - French utitshala, van'wankumi kunye umsunguli, ngubani omnye tiflopedagogov yokuqala ushicilele incwadi yokuqala seemfama ehlabathini.

Le ndoda wazalwa ngo-1745 kufuphi nesixeko Amiens, kusapho womluki abahluphekayo French. Wafumana imfundo ephakamileyo eyinkunzi wayesebenza ngomguquleli Kubulungiseleli Foreign. Hauy ukufunda ngeelwimi eziliqela Eastern, elichule Latin, isiGrike, isiHebhere.

Ngowe-1974, uthabatha inyathelo lokuqala ukuya kamva uya kuba yintoni na umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe yaziwa ukuba abaninzi: Novemba 13 - i-USuku lwaBantu abaKhubazekileyo lwaMazwe the Blind. Njengoko sele kubanjwe utitshala kunye yobungcali, Uzityhila njengesikolo sabantwana abaziimfama, kwaye wenza ngeendleko zakhe, ngaphandle koncedo lukarhulumente okanye ezinye nabaxhasi.

Abafundi bokuqala abantwana abangenamakhaya apho waqalisa ukuqeqesha Hauy tyenziselwa indlela yalo kunye nezicwangciso zomgca eyenziwe nguye - "yamandulo".

Wenza ke "waqamba" isixhobo yoshicilelo kumisa kwi umatshini wokushicilela yesikolo kwaye yapapashwa kwincwadi yakhe. Konke oku lalikhatshwa isixa esibonakalayo iingxaki zemali. Le meko iye ngcono kuphela emva kokuba bafunda kakumkani - ekugqibeleni got iNkxaso.

Zenziwa Hauy ayiphelelanga ekudalweni esikolweni - umsebenzi wakhe kubaluleke kakhulu ngakumbi: wayedlala indima ebalulekileyo njengomnye tiflopedagogov yokuqala, uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwemfundo kuba iimfama, nto leyo enika ithuba lokuba bafunde, umsebenzi, ibonisa umzekelo abaninzi, abantu abaninzi eFransi kunye nehlabathi jikelele.

Ngokuba kokufaneleka kwakhe, ukuze kulondolozwe imemori le ndoda enkulu, i-WHO yasekwa ukuba babhiyozele Novemba 13, uSuku the Blind.

Imeko e Tsarist Russia

Umsebenzi Valentina Gayui yabonakala nje kuphela eFransi. Ngo-1803 i-Russian uMlawuli Alexander I wabuza utitshala eRashiya, yaye ngowe-1806 wafika eSt Petersburg ukwenzela ukudala iziko ukuze abangaboniyo okanye abantu anga ilahleko mbono.

Noko ke, lo msebenzi waba intsonkothe ngaphezulu kunayo kwabonakala xa efika kuqala. Nokuba e France, akazange ndingenguye ebukhosini kunye neentsapho afumileyo abantu abaziimfama ukwenza encinane kakhulu - ngokufuthi ikamva lazo engqiba.

Ngo-Russia, kwakukubi kakhulu le meko. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo ingxelo Hauy ukuba "akukho bantwana abangaboniyo Russia", kwaye yokuqala kwakhona bafuna abafundi bakhe ngokwakhe. Abasebenzi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye charter izikolo ziye zamkelwa umlawuli kuphela konyaka emva kokufika ngutitshala, ngo-1807.

Noko ke, kwakukho abantu abazimisele ukufundisa nokufunda, nokuba kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngu ngehlobo yabafundi besikolo 1808 zaye wayezazi kakuhle ngembalelwano, ukufunda, ngendawo kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi kunye nemisebenzi yezandla.

Ngamandla ekusukeleni iinjongo zabo, Hauy inyathelo ngenyathelo kufutshane ingqalelo abantu abaziimfama luncedo eluntwini. Kakade ke, yena wayengazi ukuba umsebenzi wakhe Iya kuthakazelelwa kakhulu into ukuze inzala, ukuze kanye luza kubhiyozelwa ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe - Novemba 13 - i-USuku lwaBantu abaKhubazekileyo lwaMazwe the Blind. Imifanekiso abafundi abaphumeleleyo baqiniseka abaphicothi obeqhuba uphicotho ngendlela efanayo 1808. Labour utitshala French kwaqhubeka.

Akuba esebenza kule ntsimi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-10, Valentin Haüy wamshiya eRashiya ngowe-1817, ukufumana uMyalelo yokushiywa Vladimir 4 isidanga "Ngenxa ngenkuthalo nenzondelelo 'ukusuka uMlawuli Alexander I. Emva Ukumka ngunozala isikolo siye salahlekelwa ixabiso layo njengeziko lemfundo.

Imeko yangoku

Ngowe-1984, i-WHO ebizwa umhla ezisemthethweni: 13 Novemba - uSuku the Blind. Ukususela ngoko, kwathabatha ixesha elide - kwakukho ngeBraille ofezekileyo, izikolo zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa ukuze abantu abakhubazekileyo nokubona zikuyo yonke. Ngo-2001 siye iphawulwe iminyaka 120th yoqeqesho yenkqubo weemfama eRashiya, eyaqala KK esikolweni GROTTO.

Kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu, yaye kwakukho eninzi yeengcali abanetalente ukuba Ukubonelela ngemfundo ngokubanzi nje kuphela, kodwa ukwanceda ukumelana neengxaki yengqondo nezentlalo.

uphuhliso lwakutsha nje kwezobugcisa, ezifana iliso obulawulwa, ubanika ithemba sokubuyisela kunye nokususwa ingxaki ubumfama jikelele. Ngelo xesha iqhubheka ukusekwa kunye nokuphuculwa lwezincedisi kunye nezixhobo ukunceda abantu abaziimfama ukusebenza aze aphile kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

induku emhlophe

Ngo iingqondo zabantu kukho umfanekiso adibeneyo womntu amehlo othile - kaninzi ukuba umntu ngeglasi Emdaka udondolo nenja isikhokelo. Le ngcamango akazange aphume ndawo. In memory of Valentine Gayui sibhiyozela 13 Novemba uSuku eeNcwadi abaNgaboniyo, ogama isimboli - udondolo emhlophe - kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umhla "zabo".

Kuba okokuqala le nto yabonakala ngowe-1921, yaye esi siganeko unxulunyaniswa igama umfoti oselula, uYakobi Biggs of Bristol. Ufumanise ukuba akukho abahambi ngeenyawo okanye abaqhubi musa ukuphendula induku yakhe ezimnyama (kukho ixesha xa njengomncedisi enjalo iye zasasazwa ngokubanzi), kwaye repainted kwayo ezimhlophe. Amava eniwafumeneyo abe yimpumelelo.

Popularization sophawu kunye nenkqubela technical

Inqanaba elilandelayo popularization le nto bafika 1930-1931. intshisakalo French kunye benefactress Guillen zh'Erbemon kunye nomthetheli lamapolisa Paris kuthathwa induku emhlophe ngumbono olungileyo ukulungiselela abantu abaziimfama ukuba ukujikeleza isixeko.

Ukongeza, into ke "alarm" kwabanye ukuba lo ethile mntu - eyimfama. It yathengwa kwaye zasiwa inani elikhulu yeentsasa abahamba, nemibutho iphulo lokwazisa elikhulu-scale. Emva konyaka, kwenzeka okufanayo kwi UK - umbutho sa "bokushicilela Club," ezifunyenwe kwaye thaca imisimelelo ezimhlophe iimfama ezininzi kwi-British.

Ezi ziganeko badlale indima ebalulekileyo. uphawu ngoku no-15 Oktobha (Day of the White Ikalamo), kanye njengokuba nge-13 Novemba, uSuku lwaMazwe of the Blind. Iifoto kwezi mpawu kunye 'nabancedisi' - into rhoqo imifanekiso ukuya nesixhobo abantu abaziimfama.

nabalingani Modern, lo gama zidlala indima 'alam "nesimboli sele phambili kakhulu ngakumbi. Kukho lwesampuli "abotshwe" kunye elektroniki, yazisa umnini ngoncedo isandi kunye neminye imiqondiso malunga imiqobo, ukunceda ukukhetha umzila uzakufun aukugqithisa la macandelo yingozi. Kwi imisebenzi sele isondela, kwaye kakuhle ukufunda endaweni enye isimboli abakwaziimfama - nezinja sikhokelo.

umhlobo ndoda inyanisekileyo ngamathupha ezine

Lilinge lokuqala ecwangcisiweyo ukulungiselela abancedi isilwanyana ingabizwa isikolo waseJamani wadala ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. injongo yabo yayikukuba ukukhokela izinja baqeqeshiwe ukunceda amagqala emfazwe. Kwi-US, ezi zikolo ziye kwaziwa ukususela ngo-1929, e-UK - ukususela ngowe-1931 Noko ke, izilwanyana ezakusetyenziswa injongo efanayo ukusuka kudaladala.

Amaninzi, indima guide abaqeqeshiweyo Rottweilers, Labrador Retrievers, Abelusi isiJamani, Giant Schnauzers, kodwa unako ufundise phantse nayiphi inja. Kwamanye amazwe, abancedisi ezinjalo akamkelekanga ngalo naliphi na indawo - eRashiya, umzekelo, behamba kwizithuthi zikawonke simahla.

Iziganeko kwi USuku lwaBantu abaKhubazekileyo lwaMazwe the Blind

Uphawu-13 Novemba, ngoSuku yaMazwe eeNcwadi abaNgaboniyo, isikripthi akanyanzelekanga ukuba enze ezintsonkothileyo. Nantsi indlela ezi ziganeko zenzeka ngo-2014:

• EChelyabinsk Regional Library eYodwa ikhwizi laqina abangaboni kakuhle;
• "Sikolo Sports-okulungisekayo" uLeymeni Az "kwi Chechen Republic kwitheyibhile yentenetya phakathi B1 (eyimfama);
• kumbutho karhulumente Yekaterinburg "White Ikalamo" yabamba itafile zajikeleza "Ukubandakanywa - Society - Ubuchule", umboniso zobugcisa, rock.

Abantwana nazo engahlawulwanga ingqalelo ukuya kwi-13 Novemba, uSuku lwaMazwe of the Blind. Homeroom ezigcinwe kwizikolo ezininzi Republic of Tatarstan, kummandla Volgograd kunye nakweminye imimandla yeli lizwe. iziganeko ezifanayo ezenzeka kule mini ehlabathini lonke.