Nitrate - ntoni na? Nitrate: ukulungiselela ifomula, isicelo, isenzo

Phakathi ulwazi ingxaki ukutya okusempilweni, ungakhetha icandelo, ebonisa impembelelo izinto umzimba womntu ezifana ngezithako. chaphazela impilo yethu luyathandabuzeka. Njani ukuba ukukhumbula amazwi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Paracelsus: "Yonk 'into yityhefu kwaye yonke into amayeza; nantoni na kuphela idosi. " Eneneni, kuba ukutya olufanelekileyo kufuneka abe khona xa kukho icytoplasm _NO-3 anions iiseli ^- NO ₄ ^+. Ngelo xesha elifanayo yingozi kwimpilo yabantu agqithisile iikhompawundi ezinale ion kuyo ukutya. Indima iityuwa-nitric acid, ukulungiselela abo, isicelo nitrate siya kuqwalaselwa kweli nqaku.

imeko nitrate kwi nokwahlulwa kwezinto ezingaphiliyo

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba ityuwa nitric acid, enyibilikayo emanzini lula - kuba nitrate. Yintoni nitrate, eyaziwa ukuba bonke. Kuyabonakala, ngoko chemistry ngaphambili ngokuba izinto ezikhethekileyo - ityuwa nitric acid. sisakwazi ukuva eli gama lisetyenziswa omanyolo chemical. Le nitrate nayitreyithi ion ezinxulumene ne potassium ukuse-, calcium, sodium kunye Ammonium. Bamele avareji iityuwa. Ndafumanisa ukuba nitrate isodiyam, potassium kunye nezinye iityuwa xa itshiswe ukubola, apho iimveliso indlela zixhomekeke kuyo inxalenye Ukuqwalaselwa molecule. Ngenxa yoko, nitrate, leyo Kano formula ₃ okanye Nano _3, ukuba thermally ibolile ohambelana mpilo kunye nayitrayithi kunye nitrate xa itshiswe iifom a wemagniziyam oxide, nitrogen dioxide neoksijini.

Ukufumana nitrate

Indlela esisiseko - processing kwezimbiwa zendalo eziqulathe ityuwa nitric acid. Ngenxa yoko, nitrate Chilean, nto leyo nitronatrit izimbiwa - enye mithombo iphambili zifunyenwe kwabo. Kwizityalo, rock kushishino isichumiso equlethe sodium nitrate, kwaye luyacolwa ungacolwanga ngendlela elungiswe ezinikwa kwifama yezolimo njengesichumisi nitrogen. Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ekukhuleni ubunzima kwezityalo womfuno, iinkozo kunye neziqhamo izityalo, kwakunye ukuphucula imveliso yawo. I-nitric acid iityuwa laboratory walungisa indlela exchange phakathi acid kwealkali nitric okanye ngokuhlanganisa yentsimbi kanzulu HNO _3. Ukusetyenziswa izichumisi initrogen, ezifana potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, - imfuno izivuno ezizinzileyo aphezulu izityalo ezinkulu.

iimeko Agronomic-nitrogen neqanda (nitrate)

Ezi ziquka ukuthotyelwa ukungenisa iziyobisi kuqala emhlabeni. Umzekelo, ukuba nitrate Ammonium equlathe ukuya kwi-35% nitrogen, umlinganiselo avumelekile angekho ngaphezulu kwe-25 grams square metre nganye. Calcium nitrate, ebandakanya ukuya kwi 15.5% nitrogen yaziswa ngomlinganiselo we-50 g nganye-1 m. Ingxelo imithetho agronomic nitric ukutyebisa izityalo kukhokelela kuphela kungcoliseko lomhlaba nciphisa umsebenzi wayo ekunciphiseni kodwa enamandla eyingozi iikhompawundi ezifana nitrate e imifuno kunye neziqhamo. Kulo mba siya kujolisa kuyo.

Nitrate bangene izityalo

Makhe siqwalasele oko iindlela faka umhlaba nitrate ukuba loo ukwenza pre-imbewu, isichumiso, usenokuqalisa kunye lokunxibela ngaphezulu. Kwezolimo, isichumiso engundoqo tirhisa entwasahlobo kwaye ngaxeshanye ahlawule ingqalelo nokwakhiwa komhlaba kunye nemozulu neempawu. Injongo - ukuqinisekisa unikezelo nitrogen izityalo ngexesha lokukhula.

Xa usebenzisa indlela ukuqala isicelo ngqo emithonjeni lemiqolo okanye usebenzisa nitrate ngeedosi ezincinane nitrate ukuba "ndingatshiseki" iingcambu abuthathaka ezityalwe izithole. Ukutyebisa lwenziwa ngexesha ukufunxeka kakhulu izakhi izityalo. Oku kwenziwa ngohlobo yeenkcubeko kwezityalo okanye izisombululo ukondla ingcambu nitrate. Le zeendawana Umhlaba ion ze ammonium okanye ion nitrate sele kwelifunekayo kwe- kwaye ingcambu izimvi ungenise nzulu xylem. It iqulathe amacandelo zezityalo conductive. Xa gymnosperms tracheids oko, yaye lokuntshula - impahla (noqhoqhoqho). Ezi athom nitrogen ziyinxalenye nitrate zifakiwe kumjikelo Calvin oluqhutywa kwisigaba emnyama zefotosinthesis, kwaye zibandakanyiwe emva koko kwi-acid kuhlanganiswa kwaye kwiiproteni yemifuno.

Umxholo eyingozi ngokugqithiseleyo iityuwa acid nitric

Ukuba xi le khompawundi ngasentla lugqithe ngaphaya umda kuvunyelwe, oko ukumisela isixhobo zokulinganisa nitrate kwiimveliso. Iyafumaneka ngokorhwebo kwaye lisetyenziswa kwiintsapho ezininzi, isimo onoxanduva ngayo impilo yabo. Studies of Medicine lubonise ukuba agqithisile HNO ₃ ityuwa i zesisu phecana is kuguquka nayitrayithi. Bakufikise kwinwebu kwiinwebu esiswini kunye duodenum, symptomatically wabonakalisa izenzakalo ukuqunjelwa ubuthi ukutya. Kwakhona bafumanisa ukuba ityuwa kwemfuneko HNO ₂ izintso imveliso embi, ngoko inokuqokelelana parenchyma kwezintso. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba izintso zidlala indima ephambili ukutya kunye kukhuthaza iimveliso eziyingozi metabolic. Ukuncipha umsebenzi product sezintso na ingxaki kuyingozi kakhulu ezivela yingozi neetyuwa ze nitric kunye asidi oxide. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso isiqulatho Nitrate nakho ubunzima kunye wesibindi, detoxication yenye umzimba. nitrate umonakalo wayo izaliswe yokulimala de angakwazi hepatocytes kwi inyama adipose.

Oxygen yindlala izicwili ngenxa yityhefu ngu nitrate

Nutrients (amanqatha, carbohydrate) kunokugcinwa njengomthombo wamandla reserve kwaye ngokuthe siphele umzimba. Kungenxa yoko le nto umntu uyakwazi iintsuku 5-7 ngaphandle ukutya. Kodwa oksijini, ngokuchaseneyo iicarbohydrate kunye namafutha, asikwazi zigcinwe ngokusisigxina iiseli okanye izicwili zezihlunwana, ngoko hypoxia ngaphakathi imizuzu 5-15 ebangela ukufa kweeseli zengqondo kuqala, uze emva koko ke wonke umzimba womntu wonke. I kwabonakala uqala nitrate ongenzakalisiyo iziqhamo, imifuno, zobisi olungumgubo usana kunokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa chain nokuphefumla kwi mitochondria, ukuphazamisa mbala yonxibelelwano iiseli ezibomvu - athwala - an molecule ioksijini.

Nokuthintela ukudluliswa ayo amalungu kunye namalaphu. Ngoko ke, lo xiyimiso kwemfuneko le cytosol of iiseli iikhompawundi ezifana ngezithako (ifomula - Me (NO ₃₎ N ₁₎ kungakhokelela kwimisebenzi emibi iinkqubo komzimba afana wokugaya, excretory kunye luvo.

Ziziphi izinto kusenokuba kungcoliswe idibene neetyuwa acid nitric

Abantu abaninzi ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kwezi zinto lu dityanisiwe imifuno okanye iziqhamo, ezifana ivatala, iitapile, radish okanye amaqunube. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba kungcoliseko lomhlaba namanzi ingakumbi nezichumiso initrogen, efika apho ngokunxulumene nokuhluthwa intshayelelo yabo, kubandakanya ngqo i "ukulungisa nitrate" kwi isilwanyana-qabane. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa olungalawulwayo kunye ngqiqweni nitrate kukhokelela ikuquletheyo eliphezulu neemveliso zezilwanyana: inyama, ubisi, kunye nobusi. Ukutshiza izityalo zezityalo-honey (buckwheat, canola) izisombululo ze iityuwa acid nitric nje isichumiso ulwelo ikhokelela ubuthi iimveliso bee.

Indlela ukufumanisa okuqulethwe iityuwa acid nitric kwi iimveliso

Makhe sibone, nokuba kuncinane kangakanani na wafunda lwee- iikhompawundi kwezondlo ezifana ngezithako. Yintoni nitrate-tester, sihlolisise. Ukuze ukubona ubukho iityuwa acid-nitric oxide, kufuneka ukuba ndibhaptize le uphenyo ikhabe isixhobo yintlama okanye enye imveliso. Isixhobo inamacandelo amabini: akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Kwaye nitrate ngokwayo kugqiba conductivity yesisombululo yeseli incindi. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zithelekiswa ne-MPC imveliso uvavanyo, yaye isixhobo sokubala nitrate kwiimveliso ubonisa ngesiphumo umxholo ityuwa mg / kg. Ingakumbi ezinqwenelekayo uyanivavanya ukutya lisetyenziswa nokutya kwabantwana abaselula, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye phindeke, kwaye abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezintso kunye phecana zesisu.

iityuwa Ityhefu nitric acid kunye nokuthintela yayo

Incopho ingxelo amatyala kunxilwe ezinxulumene iityuwa ubuthi-nitric acid, lidlule ekupheleni yasebusika - kwentwasahlobo. Ngenxa kusilela amandla elanga, umzimba womntu kwixesha efunwa ngabantu iivithamini eziqulethwe kwemifuno kunye neziqhamo. Ngoko ke, ezinkulu hayi cucumber greenhouse esidala, iitumato, okuneziqholo isinongo ukungcamla (celery, parsley, idile) nestrawberry. Agrotechnologies ukulima ukubonelela isicelo olusisinyanzelo izinto ezifana ngezithako. Yintoni izichumiso izimbiwa nokunyoluka yazo kuchaphazela umzimba womntu, oko sele ngazo ngaphambili. Ngoku siza kuqwalasela indlela ubuchule uncedo lokuqala ezinokuthi ukunciphisa imeko yomguli kunye iimpawu nitrate ityhefu. Into yokuqala ukuzama ukumgabhisa ukuze ususe ukusuka esiswini imveliso enetyhefu. Ukuze wenze oku, usele lulwelo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Emva koko, thatha iziyobisi, chelators siqhubeke ukuthobela urhulumente ngamanzi-ityuwa. Kuba iimpawu ezinzima ezifana wegazi, ilahleko osezingqondweni, ukuxhuzula okubangelwa inkqubo luvo kunye nezintso, kufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo ukubiza "inqwelo yezigulana."