"Night Watch" - Rembrandt

Wenkulungwane 17 yabalasela nokugqama yesikolo Dutch yokudweba, leyo ezinxulumene ngokuzalwa abakumgangatho ophakathi kunye nokungabikho ngobulukhuni engqongqo ibandla. Le meko yokugqibela kukhokelele kwinto yokuba endaweni mizobo kwimixholo zonqulo amagcisa baqalisa ukupeyinta, obonisa imifanekiso nobomi bexesha lakhe, kusekho lifes kunye nenkangeleko. Ukongeza, iivenkile ezininzi kwaye umbutho wabayalela abemi eni qela. Ngokukodwa, i-Rembrandt "Night Watch" - umfanekiso epeyintwe ngokwesicelo lwamalungu sharpshooters ye-Netherlands. Namhlanje, yena ithathwa njengenye obukhulu yobugcisa yehlabathi, yaye ezinye iziqwenga zitolikwa ziingcali kunye ziingcali, wafunda imbali yezobugcisa, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Umbhali womzobo "Le Night Watch": biography

Rembrandt Van Reyn wazalwa ngo-1606 kwisixeko Leiden. Waye wafunda kwisikolo Latin, ukusebenza kwiyunivesithi yasekuhlaleni, kwaye ngaxeshanye kunye kwezi ndidi e peyinta, leyo waqhuba ngumzobi odumileyo uJacob van Svanenbyurh. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-17, lo mfana waya Amsterdam kunye neminyaka 4 wathabatha izifundo evela Pieter Lastman, apho athi adibane naye Yanom Livensom. Emva kokuphumelela, abantu abaselula ligqibe kwelokuba libekele i istudiyo e Leiden, yaye kwiminyaka embalwa bakwazi ukufikelela ethile impumelelo.

Ngowe-1631 Rembrandt wabuyela Amsterdam, watshata intombi usodolophu Leeuwarden waza ukupeyinta enemifanekiso yabantu amsterdamtsev esisityebi. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bentsapho obonwabisayo lweminyaka-10 kuphela: ngo-1641-m umzobi kungcwatywa nomfazi wesifuba sayo, wemka kunye nonyana oneminyaka ubudala ezingalweni zakhe.

Abathengi of "Night Watch"

Konyaka emva ilahleko Rembrandt wafumana umyalelo enkulu ukusuka elinesibhozo riflemen phantsi umyalelo Frans Ukuvalwa Coca - bhala iqela elichaza kwakubo, apho wayethenjiswe oku, yaye kamva ihlawulwe 1600 florins. Namhlanje, le web yaziwa ngokuba "Night Watch" - umfanekiso, egqalwa ungumhambeli phambili kwiindawo ezifana yokudweba njengoko ngokoqobo kunye impressionism. Ngelishwa, ababephila, kuquka abaxumi, zange baqonde lo msebenzi noku, kwaye yaba isizathu sokuba Ukupholisa uluntu umzobi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ngobuhlwempu bakhe.

"Watch Day"

Yintoni kubonisiwe kule ngelaphu, umxholo amaqhekeza ezithile apho ngaphezu kwenkulungwane ye impikiswano phakathi neengcali kunye nabathandi art? Okokuqala, kufuneka wathi film "Night Watch", apho iifoto inokubonwa phantse zonke iincwadana elungiselelwe imisebenzi Rembrandt, ubonisa umfanekiso yokulungiselela xa kuqhutywa oku kuvezwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo lwenzeka emva kwemini. Ngoko kwakutheni ukuze umzobi wazisola ipeyinti ayiqabe ngorhatya? Le puzzle ixesha elide akazange aliphumze abaphandi. Noko ke, isicombululo kwaba elula kakhulu, ukususela kokubuyiselwa, kwacaca ukuba ukunqongophala yokukhanyisa - akukho isixhobo yobugcisa, kunye umlotha ngokwesiqhelo. Ukongeza, kwafunyaniswa ukuba igama "Night Watch" ukupeyinta wafumana kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Enoba lwalunjani, namhlanje, le wobugcisa yi Rembrandt ubonakala iindwendwe of the State Museum of Amsterdam kwifomu yayo yoqobo kunye ngabafundi bayinqule iingcali zobugcisa.

ubukhulu Isinikezeli

Imilinganiselo ekudalweni Rembrandt, ethunywe yinkampani bamaxhoba athathwe yoluntu ngu 437 nge-363 cm, Noko ke, kwafunyaniswa ukuba web namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Night Watch" -. Lo mfanekiso, emele inxalenye enkulu yakuqala, ekuqaleni ukuba izicwangciso elikhulu. Inyaniso kukuba, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, Isiqwenga ebonisa Jacobs Dirksen de uRoy kunye Jan Bryugmana lwaye kunqunyulwa. Ngethamsanqa, ikopi eyenziwe ngenkulungwane ye-17 Gerrit Lyundensom ibonisa njani original wakhangela ngathi phambi umonakalo.

"Night Watch": ingcaciso yomfanekiso

On the ngelaphu ibonisa iqela musketeers ikhokelwa ngu Captain Kok, lowo ambethe ingubo emnyama kunye ezishukumayo, enika umyalelo uLieutenant van Reytenbyurgu. Ngaphaya umva le musketeer lokugqibela Leydekers Jan Clasen, ngoxa imvelaphi akwitankana ubonisa Spearman Jan Okkersen. Elinye inani ukutsala ingqalelo - unxibe ingubo ebomvu Jan van der Hede, umlayishi musket. Bonke aba bantu singqongwe ngabantu abanye abalinganiswa ezininzi, ezinye apho kungekho nobudlelwane iintolo. Umzekelo, unanamhla nani impikiswano yentombazana ngezambatho ngegolide eqaqambileyo, kuba akucaci yintoni injongo umzobi baboniswa umntwana phakathi amadoda axhobileyo. kwakhona oku kuqinisekisa umbono ukuba i "Night Watch" - umfanekiso ezele iimfihlelo.

I ngakumbi nxi lwemizobo

Xa Rembrandt thaca umkhosi wamajoni ilungu ukupeyinta iintolo, abazange bakwazi ukufihla wadana, kuba oko akubona abazange ne ngegalelo kwiqela ngobude, ekhoyo ngelo xesha. Ngokukodwa, abathengi besithembe ukuba ukumelwa malunga njengoko abafoti ngoku zinika abafundi ukuba bahlale iifoto bemveli ukuba bamakishe ekupheleni konyaka wesikolo. Endaweni yoko, igcisa wabanika indawo yemizobo kuyo yayizele abalinganiswa ongaziwayo, yaye ezinye neentolo baba ngasemva, iimilo zabo phantse ezingabonakaliyo. Ngoko ke, lo mfanekiso, nto leyo ithathwa njengento wobugcisa bonke, abo sele iminyaka 200 ngokuxilonga nobuchule Rembrandt akazange afumane ukwamkeleka phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe. Ngaphezu koko, iminyaka emininzi wahlala apho kwenye kwiinxalenye ezikude kwiholo yedolophu, lo gama kuyo - ezikwimeko engafanelekanga - akafunyanelwanga umculi Van Deyk, razglyadevshy phantsi eluthulini lwegama yombhali.

"Night Watch": iintsomi imithombo

Namhlanje, umntu ngokufuthi ndifumana nje inkcazelo engaqhelekanga Rembrandt, ukuba umntu abe nalwazi ukumangaliswa abantu ceba kuphela. Ngokomzekelo, abanye pseudo-abaphandi kutshanje wavakalisa ingcamango yokuba zonke izenzo zabalinganiswa zibonisa amsterdamtsev ezimbini eziphawulekayo eliboniswe ekohlo (ukusuka abaphulaphuli) ngohlangothi ngelaphu, wayala ukubulala uLieutenant van Reytenbyurga. Ngaphezu koko, babanga ukuba oku ukuyikhaba zibhenca ababulali Rembrandt bamqumbisa izaphuli-mthetho, yaye benza konke okusemandleni ukuze gxwa lomculi ubuhlwempu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba igosa lathi kuye wafa kuphela ngo-1657, kwaye igcisa ayikwazanga ukuba elinde van Reytenbyurga kwiminyaka eli-15 emva kokudalwa 'Night Watch ".

3D-model "Night Watch"

umsebenzi Rembrandt, nto leyo, emva kokuba umzobo abatoli wamajoni wayeka ukufumana imiyalelo waza wafa ubuhlwempu, abathandi zobugcisa abanomdla kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Namhlanje, umsebenzi, imizobo eyenziwe kulo mculi, kuthengiswa kwifandesi nangemali ezisemagqabini, kunye imizobo yakhe zithathwa iimyuziyam inkulu ihlabathi ingqokelela yokuhombisa yakhe.

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, lo nomkroli Russian uMikhail Dronov kunye Alexander Taratynov bagqiba ukwenza i "Night Watch" 3D-model. Limela 22 Amanani nobhedu akhule, iyaphindwa zonke umfanekiso iinkcukacha abasebenzi Imizobo odumileyo. Namhlanje lo msebenzi ezihonjiswe Rembrandt Square e Amsterdam kwaye ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kubakhenkethi.

Xa umntu efuna ukuba bangakuxelela ntoni na "Night Watch", inkcazelo mfanekiso, enoba epheleleyo kwaye eneenkcukacha kusenokuba, awukwazi ukuveza uluvo eyamkela bonke abo bona phambi kwale wobugcisa entendelezweni State Museum of Amsterdam. Kwaye wonke umntu nasifunayo iifoto okanye silinde 3D-imodeli "Watch" uya kubuyisela eRashiya.