Ngubani na spravschik? Esi sikhundla ekhethekileyo House Printing

iincwadi zabantwana uqale uphuhliso yayo kwicala elizimeleyo kwinkulungwane XVII. Umsunguli kwayo spravschik Savvaty, Carion Istomin noSimon of Polotsk. Ngoobani aba bantu? Yintoni eyenza ukuba benze umsebenzi wokubhala? Qwalasela umzekelo imbongi Savvatii.

Ngubani na spravschik

Lo mntu, lowo ngenkulungwane XVII, isikhundla onoxanduva kakhulu kwi Moscow endlwini yoshicilelo. Waba kuqeshwa kuphela umntu yasebukhosini. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka ukuba imfundo esemgangathweni kunye abalasela. Umntu ofaka isicelo spravschika, ngokuyimfuneko kwafuneka ukuba azinakanwa iyaxela ephezulu yoluntu, kwakunye ayilunganga kwisangqa yentsapho yasebukhosini.

Zonke iimpawu ezidweliswe yababephethwe spravschik Savvaty. I lokuqala Imbongi abantwana bashiya inkcazelo emfutshane ngobomi bakhe kwiincwadi zakhe.

ulwazi oluchaza

Studies olwenziwe ababhali, ukunika isizathu sicinge ukuba Savvaty waba umfazi kunye nabantwana. Kodwa omnye izifo rhoqo zahlasela ngelo xesha eYurophu eRashiya, yena waphulukana nentsapho yakhe.

Izibakala zibonisa ukuba Savvaty waba indela emva iziganeko ebuhlungu. Waqalisa ukukhonza kwi yesicelo kwenye inkundla ibandla. Kanye ngelo xesha kwakukho kwabazana naye namaqhina kufutshane kunye namalungu entsapho yasebukhosini.

Ukubekwa kwi-ofisi

indoda abafundileyo ayizange kuphela kumkani, kodwa abaninzi wabona izidwangube yexesha. Ubhishophu Filaret ngokwakhe livume indela ukuba bakhonze endlwini ushicilelo, apho wamiselwa, leyo kuthiwa spravschik. Oku kuye kwavula amathuba amatsha Sabbatius.

Waba athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Kukho ubungqina ukuba isikolo apho abantwana bafundiswe izidwangube wavuleka. Ukufundisa ekhaya yaye akazange ngaphandle kwisenzo katitshala.

Ukufundisa abantwana Savvaty waqonda ukuba lo yokugcina ootitshala ngelo xesha kwakukho iincwadi eyodwa encinane, nto leyo iza kunceda ekuphuhlisweni komntwana, efundisa bakhe nemigaqo yenzululwazi. Spravschik kule imeko bazama ukulungisa, ukuba alwe ekubhalweni lwemibongo zabantwana. Of ezimashumi ezaziwayo-imisebenzi wembongi elinanye ezibhaliweyo ngokukodwa isizukulwana esitsha. Abaninzi kubo zibekwe ngokufunda le ncwadi, eyapapashwa kwi Moscow endlwini wokushicilela ngo-1634. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, le ncwadi iye yakhutshwa. Kungenxa Kolushicilelo incwadi kwafunyaniswa ngosoonzululwazi imibongo zabantwana ababhala spravschik. Oku kuhle, iindidi izihloko, kulula ukuba imbono eyoonyana msebenzi. Le isibheno umntwana yaba ezintsha kule ncwadi. imibongo Sabbatius zaye nangoko wawamkela abagxeki.

Izifundo zemisebenzi zabantwana

Namhlanje amazwi ntle lombhali iincwadi okanye textbooks akusingisi kokhona umfundi into engaqhelekanga. Kodwa kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVII, umbhali we mpatho yaba yinto yokwenene. It is a mbongo ubhalwe Savvaty abafundi babo. Imveliso iye ibekwe ekuqaleni kule ncwadi; eyenzelwe ekufundeni ukufunda. Kulo umbhali sisiqinisekisa oonyana ukubaluleka kwemfundo efunyenwe ngabo. Oku kufuna umsebenzi onzima kwaye athelekise izifundo zakhe lo msebenzi onzima. Kwakhona, amaxesha amaninzi umbhali uqala ukuthetha malunga imfuneko intlonipho mentors inxaxheba kuqeqesho nemfundo yabantwana.

Spravschik Savvaty kwelinye mbongo uzama ukuthetha ngokuphandle nomntwana ngubani na okwaziyo kakhulu ekufundeni, kodwa lazy kakhulu. isixhobo Educational umbhali ukhetha ukuya kogrogriso kwaye umnqweno lokujongana umfundi emzimbeni, nokuqiniseka.
Kwenye umsebenzi imbongi ibonisa mfundi mnye, kodwa batshintsha isimo yabo yokufunda. Umbhali ifumana mazwi okuncoma ukuba umfundi. Kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zoncwadi Savvaty isebenzisa izifaniso ecacileyo, inkcaso, ngokwenza imisebenzi ulwimi olucacileyo nekulula.