Ngoobani ezi zifundo zamashishini amancinane? Imida kwinani labasebenzi, umda ingeniso, ingxelo. inkxaso State yamashishini amancinane

Ukuba uza ukuqala ishishini elincinane, kufuneka uyazi ukuba ngubani ongowakhe kumashishini amancinci, kwakunye yintoni iingenelo alindele ukuba abantu baza ukuqala lo msebenzi.

Overview

Namhlanje, ihlabathi lilawulwa kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho. Saba intsebenziswano esemgangathweni yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba: medium,, iintlobo ezincinane enkulu. Small, kwakunye namanye amaqela amabini, nezaziwa kwezolimo. Xa ezoqoqosho, banika indima ngokwanelisayo ebalulekileyo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imarike uyabaleka lokubanga, yaye ngaloo ndlela bafumana imisebenzi emitsha yokukhula. Kodwa ezincinane kudla zixutywe kunezixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi lula ishishini abaxhobisi. Kodwa abanini bamashishini amancinci nje asazi zazisithini inzuzo kwaye ulahlekelwa, ngokushiya geqe. Ukunikezela ngokungqalileyo ngubani ongowakhe kumashishini amancinane kunye yintoni loo mntu singaqamela, umnini nkampani ucinga kabini malunga nokuba Ndoniphumelisa phantsi iphiko umzalwana enkulu.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba uqoqosho kunye noshishino izinto amashishini nje amancinane, babunjani nendalo whale. Kwaba phezu ishishini elincinci enjalo sithembele iifom ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo sithi ukuba amashishini amancinci kubaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe kunye nehlabathi ngokubanzi.

Yintoni?

Ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zamashishini baya kuxelelwa kamva kweli nqaku, kufuneka kuqala anike imizekelo amashishini amancinci. Eneneni, aba bantu ezijongene nayo yonke imihla. Kuyinto iintlobo-ofisi ezincinane ngamashishini amancinci. imibutho yabasebenzi amancinci (ukuya amakhulu abantu), kwaye imali mncinane kakhulu. Noko ke, le inkampani encinane apho wonke umntu uyazi omnye komnye, kuba kukho umoya ekhululekile ukusebenza. Ngokufuthi, umnini wale nkampani yenza inani imisebenzi-mali, igosa irhafu, njalo-njalo.

Namhlanje, iinkampani amancinci - zako nothungelwano olubanzi eziquka phantse onke amacandelo zemalike lwangaphakathi. Oku enkulu iqela olutshintshayo leenkampani. Osoqoqosho bathi yinxalenye "bhetyebhetye" zeshishini federal. Nabani na ongowakhe kumashishini amancinci, hayi kuphela ukusombulula iingxaki zoqoqosho, kodwa iluncedo ukuphelisa iingxaki zentlalo.

malunga ngokoMthetho

Phambi kokuba uqonde ukuba ishishini elincinane, kwakunye imizekelo amashishini amancinci, pre-kufuneka icacise kanye oko ishishini ngokubanzi.

Iinkcazelo le ingqiqo kokusungulwa embalwa, kodwa unako ngokubanzi. Ngoko esiya kuthi, ukuba sithetha malunga umcimbi onjalo, nto leyo zombini okulungileyo kuluntu, kwaye iinzuzo zoqoqosho umniniyo. Kulo kulandela ukuba entrepreneurship ezimeleyo, esebenzayo, zidityaniswe kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto kunye nokunikezelwa kweenkonzo. Oku kwenzeka zonke izinto phantsi luxanduva lomnini. ngokusondeleyo kakhulu ezinxulumene kuqoqosho-mashishini, njengoko kuboniswa semfuno umnqweno zezifundo izibonelelo hayi kuphela kuluntu kodwa ukuze kuzuze.

Kuthekani ngeendlela ezincinane?

Ngoobani ezi zifundo zamashishini amancinane? Isigama ijonge ukubandakanya kweli qela abo bantu, amaqumrhu asemthethweni ezisebenza iimeko ezixhomisa amehlo. Eyona Umsebenzi kwenkampani - ingeniso ubuninzi efunyenwe ngexesha ukwenziwa okanye ukuthengiswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo.

Kungabalelwa kule didi kuphela ezo nkampani odibana nendlela yokukhetha emiselwe kwimithetho ekhoyo.

Indlela ukuba bazohlule babe ngamaqela?

Kakade ke, lo mbutho amashishini amancinci - yinto uluhlu enkulu. iphuhlise inqobo aliqela, ukuvumela ukuba yokwaba amaqela ezisekelwe kubungqina ethile njongo. Namhlanje, kwiipharamitha alandelayo asetyenziswa kakhulu rhoqo:

• inani labasebenzi;
• isixa eyinkunzi, abangabhaliswanga;
• zemali iparameters;
• uhlobo lomsebenzi.

Iikhrayitheriya Ulwabiwo alinawo lweshishini ubungakanani obuncinane ukwenza umyalelo Bolton, wafumana igama layo wokuwonga elaa usomashishini enkulu IsiNgesi Mettyu Boltona, owayephila kwinkulungwane XVIII. Iingcali wombutho yahlulwe zokugweba ezintathu, njengako awothi umntu uthetha ilungu iintlobo amancinci:

• Imida lomntu zokuthengisa, ekuyekisweni yedwa.
• Ukuzimela ukusuka kwindawo umbono lo mthetho, nto leyo evumela umnini ukusombulula yonke imiba ngokokubona kwayo.
• ulawulo Private lenkampani ngumnini, free ngokupheleleyo ukuze enze nasiphi na isigqibo ngaphakathi komthetho, ukuze baluphumeze.

Ukanti lishishini elincinci okanye akunjalo?

Ukuba bahlole ukuba phambi kokuba umbandela amashishini amancinci? Indlela esebenzayo kwilizwe lethu, zezi zilandelayo:

• kwabasebenzi ukuya kutsho abantu 100;
• iingeniso VAT azikho ngaphezulu kwe 800 million.

Bamisa indawo phantsi Federal uMthetho No. 209, esamkelwa 24.07.2007.

Yintoni inzuzo?

Xa kuhlalutywa umthetho ezoshishino yaye umbutho ngamnye, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukubona ekuso kwifom eliphantsi, singakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo sithethe kwiqela lokulungileyo ukuba ayifumaneki iindlela ezinkulu. Kwaye okokuqala zonke ukhankanye unxulumano oluthe ngqo iimpahla kunye neenkonzo yabathengi. Iinkampani ezisebenza kwicandelo ukumelana nokutshintsha iimeko zeemarike kunye neemfuno zabaxumi nangoko. Isizathu kukuba bhetyebhetye yaye uyakwazi yenkampani ukuqhelana umbono umxhamli ukuqinisekisa ngokukhethwa kwemveliso.

Ukusukela amashishini amancinci kukuba ezi kwimibutho phantse akukho bureaucracy yangaphakathi, kulandela ukuba iindleko non-operating bancipha enokwenzeka minimum. Kwangaxeshanye, lo mbutho usoloko efuna zabathengisi ezintsha ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthenga. Kule mihla, ukhuphiswano emarikeni iphezulu, ngoko yonke inkampani encinane kuxhomekeke ngokuqinileyo yobuninzi abathengi ukuphuma ukuba iinkonzo zayo, kwakunye kubathengisi.

I wokuqala best

Yintoni i "isifundo kwamashishini amancinci '? Iinqobo ukwahlula eli qela ishishini, kangangokuba niqinile nganye, kufanelekile, ebonakala ngu:

• Ukuzinikela ezintsha. Oku kunika a nokhuphiswano. Ezi nkcukacha yalo kukuba mveliso nabancinane ngokubambisana nemibutho ezinkulu, kufuneka ke ngoko aphendule ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ukutshintsha, ukuze ukuba ukulahlekelwa client kwaye ibe angalahlekelwa nto. Yaba kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha kwenza kube lula ukuphelisa le meko.
• Isakhono sokudibanisa ngaphandle ilahleko. Iinkampani oluncinane wobambiswano kunye neminye imibutho ukunika inkxaso a okhuphisanayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba oosomashishini eziliqela, ehamba ubungakanani yabo encinane ishishini, kundihlanganyela, unako ukumelana nkqu imarike omkhulu. Noko ke, Uyeza uncedo lomthetho kwi entrepreneurship, kwakunye nomthetho olawula lokubanga emarikeni.

ubuthakathaka

Ukuba yonke into elungileyo kunjalo, kutheni, ngoko, kufuneka inkxaso karhulumente kumashishini amancinci? Oku kungenxa yokuba imibutho ezincinane Sijongene rhoqo uluhlu olubanzi bunzima, ayicacanga bubuhle. Ngokukodwa, imisebenzi zibandakanya:

• ingozi, ngenxa yoko bathi malunga kozinzo zonke izinto ngazo;
• ukuxhomekeka imibutho ezinkulu;
• nobuchwepheshe aphantsi kolawulo;
• susceptibility kwimiqathango yemarike;
• Ubunzima;
• nzima nolungelelaniso kunye namanye amaqumrhu apho nokugqitywa kweemvumelwano kunye namashishini amancinane ibandakanya imingcipheko ezahlukeneyo.

Apho pinches yezihlangu

Practice ibonisa ukuba ukusilela ngokufuthi okubangelwa ukungalungeli kwabaphathi yokukhetha ikhondo nkampani. Bambalwa bayakwazi ukuseka ngokuchanekileyo abafowunelwa zoshishino nokugcina abafowunelwa zoshishino. Amaxesha amaninzi le nkampani utshintshwe (ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye) ubudlelane imali kwi yendalo xa besebenza ngokoqobo "Bash kwi-Bash." Konke oku kukhokelela neenzima ekusebenzeni, kuphazamisa amaxwebhu irhafu, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekuweni ishishini.

Nceda uqaphele, namhlanje wavula kakhulu lwezifundo zexesha elifutshane kwaye elide, eyenzelwe ukuba kupheliswe intswela kwezomthetho kuchazela abantu imiba imithetho, ingakumbi logic ishishini. isikolo kuya kunceda:

• ufumanise ukuba kutheni nendlela ukugcwalisa isibhengezo ngamashishini amancinane;
• ukufunda imithetho yokuziphatha kwezoshishino;
• bafunde ukuba akhethe ikhondo elifanelekileyo yombutho wakho.

Yiyiphi imithetho?

Musa ukulibala ukuba kukho inkxaso karhulumente yinkqubo apho kwamashishini amancinci. Ngaphandle ukuntsonkotha ngesakhiwo ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo welizwe lethu, olu hlobo inkxaso koosomashishini kwiminyaka yakutshanje lubonise ukuba ngempumelelo yaye uye wanceda abantu abaninzi ukugcina ishishini labo kunye nayo.

siseko aid njengoko kubonelelwe yi-mthetho, oku kulandelayo:

• konke iqala kunye nokufakwa kwesicelo usomashishini osakhasayo;
• kweziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo onke amaqela anomdla;
• ukufikelela kubo bonke oosomashishini liyangqinelana ngokulinganayo zicaciswa gca kwimithetho karhulumente iimeko komthetho;
• inkxaso kungqinelane neemfuno zoMthetho Federal phantsi inombolo 135 yomhla we-26 Julayi 2006;
• zonke izigaba inkxaso zivulelekile kwaye ziyafikeleleka eluntwini.

Yintoni ukuba nawe?

Ukuze ukwazi ukufumana uncedo, usomashishini osakhasayo kufuneka babhale kwifom yesicelo. amaxwebhu Okokuqala ibele, kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukunika iphepha leyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbutho okunene bobabo kwanjengabancinane. Ukuze oku ukuba isiqinisekiso indlela abantu abaninzi abasebenza imeko lombutho, yaye yintoni na ingenelo kwenkampani nokuba umda ingeniso uyabonakala.

Iinkqubo ngamnye yaye kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo, amagosa zendawo unalo ilungelo lokumisela imiqathango eyongezelelweyo apho nxaxheba khetha iinkqubo ezithile inkxaso. Ukuba ezi kwingingqi yakho, unako ukufunda okungakumbi ngazo kulawulo lesixeko okanye iqumrhu okhethekileyo kumisa ukunxibelelana iifom amashishini amancinci. It ukho kuzo zonke iingingqi karhulumente.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba amagosa abangenalungelo lokuxhamla ukuba umqeshi ukuya amaxwebhu ekufuneka zigcinwe kurhulumente, yaye hayi usomashishini ezingalweni zakhe. Noko ke, ngaphandle - zisibonisa okhankanywe 210 umthetho Federal yadlula 27.07.2010 iminyaka, nto leyo ke uluhlu ngqo imali ezifunekayo ukubonelela, ukuba ngusomashishini enokubakho unomdla ekufumaneni uncedo oluvela kurhulumente.

Kwaye yonke loo nto?

Kukho ezinye amashishini amancinci ukuba akakwazi ukubala kuncedo evela kurhulumente. Oku kusebenza olu luhlu lulandelayo:

• zamakhadi, iinkampani ze-inshorensi, abatyali-zimali, mali yepenshini, pawnshops, abathengisi ngokhuselo;
• imibutho bevumelene kwicandelo imveliso le;
• ukusebenza kwishishini longcakazo;
• non-abahlali lizwe;
• iinkampani ukuba usebenzise impahla excisable, iiminerali ezinqabileyo.

Ukongeza, uncedo kufuneka babale ukuba:

• Bona amaxwebhu khange anikezelwe;
• iimeko engazange agcinwe;
• inkxaso iye yanikezelwa kwixesha elidlulileyo, ixesha okwangoku kudlule;
• kufunyaniswe ukuba inkampani waphule umthetho, yaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu okwangoku kudlule iminyaka emithathu.

Zonke phantsi ukukhanya!

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 2016 kwi-Russian Federation wangena force irejista olunye amashishini amancinci. Ukufikelela oku, kufuneka undwendwela Virtual Wide FTS Web lizwe. Nceda uqaphele: ngaphandle iifomu ezincinane, lobhaliso ziya kukwazi ukufumana iinkcukacha kunye namashishini naphakathi.

Njani wasabela ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukuqaliswa labahlalutyi, iprojekthi efanayo kwilizwe lethu yajika entsha ngokupheleleyo, njengoko wavumela kwemithetho karhulumente elawula imisebenzi zeenkampani ze ubukhulu encinane. Kumaxesha angaphambili, kwenziwa into efanayo kwingingqi nganye nganye, kwakungekho ndlela ithathele ingqalelo ishishini endawonye. Kule inkampani encinane ziqukwe kuphela kwiirejista zasekuhlaleni xa kucelwa ukuba ukuxhasa amanye amanyathelo zaye isicelo kuye. Kungenjalo, amaqumrhu asemthethweni wahlala ngokungathi ezingabonakaliyo.

Zisebenza njani?

Ukudala registry bayawarhawula, nto leyo laliwugubungela lonke ilizwe, kwafuneka babhenele yamafu. Ngoko ke, i-data ingacelwa ukusuka naphi na nanini na ixesha elilungele-sicelo, uze ufumane impendulo ngoko nangoko, ngqo ifowuni. Isicelo zingathunyelwa kulo phantse nayiphi na indlela, kodwa kukho ukufikelela kwi-Internet.

Ukudala lobhaliso kubandakanya ukufumana ulwazi malunga nendlela phi umntu avareji ukusebenza kwinkampani, kwakunye nomgangatho ingeniso eyiyona mbutho. Xa ukubunjwa zaye zathathelwa ingqalelo kungekuphela nje umbutho wenkampani, kodwa koosomashishini ngamnye. Abenzi bemeko- owaziswa base data zifumaneka kwi:

• USRLE;
• EGRIP;
• Ministry of Economic Development;
• kwamaziko ajongene nemfundo kunye nophando;
• "Skolkovo";
• MICEX.

bonke abachaphazelekayo bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo icebo lenzeka uxwebhu echaza inkqubo yokusebenza. Yayibizwa ngokuba "unobumba", benza kokupapashwa Federal Tax Service. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le ncwadi ichaza ntoni na isakhelo data yethutyana (njengoko engena inkqubo yolwazi kunye nezicelo kwizicatshulwa kuyo).

njani ukudalile oko?

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala lobhaliso kwabunjwa ngokusekelwe idatha eyafunyanwa ku-2015. Ulwazi oku kucelwe abasemagunyeni ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe coverage kakhulu ngokupheleleyo umba. Kodwa ke ukuba ngaba umbutho encinane, ukuqaliswa uluhlu nazo ebudeni bonyaka 2016-2018 kunye imfuneko ukunyenyisa imisebenzi yayo kunye nedatha yayo kule nkqubo ziza kutshintshwa kuphela ngo-2019. Ngokukodwa, ezi utshintsho lobhaliso ziya kubonakala kwinani avareji kunye nobukhulu onesiphumo ingeniso inkampani, ngokunjalo ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga ngumrhwebi.