Ngaba uyazi ukuba uhlobo lwegazi kufanela zonke?

Iimpawu igazi labantu njengoko zifana nezifo kwaye genetic zingahlanganiswa uhlobo oluthile, ebizwa lwegazi bezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni (antibodies). Nabani na uhlobo oluthile igazi luyasekwa kusekwangoko ebomini Palsy. Iimolekyuli ezivela kwiqela elinye okanye enye yegazi ebizwa ngokuba buhlungu ezisegazini. Xa lesitofu sisincoko amazwe antigenic umzimba, bakufikise ukuyilwa antibodies zinokudityaniswa zibe conglomerates.

Igazi: kwenzeka ntoni nendlela ngayo yahlukile kwezinye?

Igazi, inkqubo yonyango kubalulekile ukufumene kwinkulungwane yama-20 utshintsho. Izazinzulu lubonise ukuba utofelo abe kude umntu ngamnye. Umbuzo ke uba, yintoni uhlobo lwegazi ingena zonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, kwaye ingaba kukho into enjalo? iimpawu ngamnye kwaye lilungu iindidi ezahlukeneyo kwakhokelela ekubeni igazi xa ixutywe umzimba lomthonyama yalapha lisongiwe.

Kukho iintlobo-4:

1. Eyokuqala, apho kungekho iantigens
2. A Isilwa yesibini siqulathe
3. Eyesithathu iqukethe iantigens
4. I wesine ezisegazini A and B kunye

Kazi uhlobo lwegazi ilungele abantu bonke? Xa kuxutywa eyicela igazi umamkeli, ngoweqela enye, iiseli ezintsha begazi ajikeleza phakathi "abahlobo" kwimo yesiqhelo. Kwelinye icala, ukungavumelani kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Qwalasela uluhlu ehambelanayo:

Le theyibhile ibonisa ntoni igazi ifanele bonke abanye ngokucacileyo. Kubonakala ukuba inani 1 zinokudityaniswa kunye nabanye kwaye uwaphalazele ukuba abantu bazo zonke iintlobo. Ngenxa yoko, mna ngempela igazi, ngaba ukuwonakalisa ubomi babanye kwimeko gazi, kunye nomnini loo nto donor-rounder.

Uhlobo lokugqibela (4) uhlobo. Wabonakala ngokuxuba amaNdiya baseYurophu, oko kukuthi, abathwali 1 kunye namaqela 3. Iqulethe kumafa yayo antigen A and B kunye antibodies - akukho. Oko kukuthi, 4 igazi iqela ehambelanayo njenge onikelayo kunokwenzeka kuphela neqela yesine, kanye ukuhambelana njenge umamkeli - kubantu bazo zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo.

RH factor

Njengoko kubonakala phezu ayinzuzo:

• abazali RH HIV - umntwana ukuba factor RH okanye (+) okanye hayi (-);
• omnye wabazali abe RH HIV, omnye - hayi, umntwana kufuneka kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle;
• uyise nonina yi RH negative, umntwana uya kuba ezimbi kuphela.

Ukuze wenze igazi, kufuneka ungacwangcisa zokungahambisani group igazi RH nakanjani. Xa zixutywe Rhesus igazi ezintle ezimbi kuvela RH asegazini yi ngumnikeli eziphilayo kunye eseleyo kulo.

EYurophu, kukho malunga ne-15% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke kunye a RH ezimbi. Ngoko abantu benze ukutofelwa igazi, elidibana nabo kwiqela kunye RH factor (okuthetha negative).

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uhlobo lwegazi ilungele kubantu bonke, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwazi babaxhasi kunye abamkeli phambi kwegazi.