Networks computer Local jikelele

Xa abantu zadalwa yi computer, kuba kungekudala uza kuza ukuqonda ukuba izixhobo ezizimeleyo akakwazi aqonde ngokupheleleyo iitalente zabo. Ukongezelela, abantu baye baqaphela imfuneko ukwenza indlela entsha inkqubo unyango, maza ukugcina ulwazi, kwakunye kokusingqongileyo, okwaziyo ukuzisa ndawonye zonke izibonelelo ulwazi olugcinwe yi abantu. Le ndlela esiqonda linyathelo lokuqala ngokudala inkqubo ukuba ngoku phantse wonke umntu olapha emhlabeni. Sithetha iinkqubo zengcaciso, edibanisa izigidi iikhompyutha ibekwe ehlabathini lonke - networks computer yommandla neyehlabathi.

Okwangoku, uthungelwano lwekhompyutha yommandla neyehlabathi ukwenza iindidi ngeendidi zemisebenzi, kodwa engundoqo enye - komdibaniso zonke iinkcukacha eziyintlanganisela uluntu, kunye nokufikelela kuyo ngalo naliphi na ixesha kwaye ukusuka naphi na ehlabathini. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le manyano, ezibe kwaye ziphantsi uthungelwano computer yommandla neyehlabathi, eyenza kube lula ukwenza inkqubo evumela ukuba ihlaziye iifayile ulwazi enkulu ngesantya engakholelekiyo, kwaye kunikwe indlela yoku fikelela nakuwuphi na imithamo data.

Computer networks imigaqo protocol technology apho basebenza ngokuqhubekekayo ukuze kuphuculwe yaye siqhubeke sikhula. Local kunye nothungelwano computer jikelele kudala yajika yaba inzululwazi, uphando kunye nophuhliso eliquka iingqondo engcono kwiimeko-ehlabathini lonke.

Zonke iinethiwekhi computer ekuhlaleni jikelele asebenza umgangatho ophuhliswe ngqo lothungelwano computer - OSI (Open Systems Indibaniselwano)

Ubume uthungelwano luthatha ukuba izakhi ezisisiseko ezifana ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa uthungelwano:

1. Transmission esiphakathi. It angamelwa intambo yafakwa, yocingo, sibini, ephothiweyo, ifayibha optic, umoya koonomathotholo kunye nezinye iintlobo.
2. Workstations. Basenokuba amelwe PC, ifenishala okanye umsebenzi womnatha isikhululo ngokwayo. Kwimeko xa ikhompyutha liqhagamshelene womnatha akakwazi kufuna naziphi drives nzima, nditsho nasiphi na isixhobo lokugcina. Umntu akufuneki silibale imfuneko iadaptha - isixhobo okhethekileyo evumela ukuziqala indlela yokusebenza evela kwi network kude.
3. Interface Card. Ngaba yenethiwekhi evumela iinkqubo kothungelwano intsebenziswano kunye workstations.
4. Abancedisi. Iseva omnye ikhompyutha zixhotyiswe isoftware ekuvumela ukuba enze le misebenzi yolawulo womnatha, efumaneka ukwabelana.
5. software Network.

Kubaluleke kakhulu Izivumelwano womnatha, ngokwesiseko ngawo ukusebenza kothungelwano computer yommandla neyehlabathi. Protocol ibonelela ngezi nkonzo zilandelayo: dilesi nomzila ulwazi, ngokujonga isiphoso, liququzelela isicelo retransmission. Kwakhona babelwa umsebenzi protocol ezabelwe ngokungqinelana nemithetho eza kulawula impefumlelwano bume nganye network ethile.

Zezona lwimi zisetyenziswa imithetho elandelwayo network ilandelayo:

IP, omela Protocol Internet. Le TCP / IP protocol watshisa izitha zengqolowa inika ulwazi idilesi, kunye nolwazi umzila. Ngenxa yale migaqo oko wakha kwinethiwekhi inkulu jikelele ehlabathini - kwi Internet.

IPX-NWLink. Le protocol yenzelwe NetWare Inoveli, kwaye esetyenziswa zomzila kunye nokusasazwa imigca, leyo ukuhambisa imibekelelo.

NetBEUI. Le protocol waphuhliswa kudityenwe IBM ne Microsoft kunye eyenzelwe ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zohambo NetBIOS.

DDP. Le protocol transfer data, owadalwa Apple kwaye ufumene isicelo kwi-Apple Talk.