Ndingalufumana Ebola ngokusebenzisa iibhanana kunye nezinye iimveliso kwamanye amazwe?

indoda Modern ukuba baphile nzima kakhulu. Eneneni, yonke indawo babemlindile yingozi. Le uthutho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imitha, yaye, ke, iintlobo ngeentlobo iintsholongwane kunye zosulelo. Kweli nqaku, ndifuna ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, abanomdla mhlawumbi inkoliso yabantu ehlabathini: "Ndicela yiEbola ? Ngokusebenzisa ibhanana okanye okunye ukutya"

lwesigama

Okokuqala, kufuneka sithethe ngendlela efanele yezonyango sisifo "Ebola". Ngoko ke, ngokuba esi sifo isimaphambili ekhethekileyo "haemorrhagic". Oku kuthetha ukuba le ntsholongwane ezinxulumene ngegazi. Ngomhla umzimba nabagulayo kubonakala bazigruzule, ukopha nazo kunokwenzeka neminye imibutho. Kubalulekile ukuba xa mzuzu kusenjalo sisifo ezinqabileyo, Noko ke, kuyingozi kakhulu. Nangona izazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele ukhangela ichiza olusebenzayo ngokuchasene izinga lokusweleka intsholongwane phezulu kakhulu. liphezulu malunga 50-90%. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngaphandle kwabantu obeku-, Ebola intsholongwane kwakhona kuchaphazela omnye neehagu.

A incinane

Abantu abaninzi nomdla umbuzo apho ivela Ebola. A intsholongwane ibhaqwe wabuyela ngo-1976. Kuba okokuqala oogqirha baye e Zaire kufuphi Ebola River. Ngenxa yoko igama laloo sifo. Emva koko e Zaire ngumkhuhlane abantu abangaphezu kwama-300 basinda 40. abantu abangaphezu kwama-280 kuphela Kwaye baye gciwane Sudan, 151 kubo bafa.

iimpawu intsholongwane

Azi apho evela Ebola, yaye yintoni kunyaka Kwathi, ndifuna ukunika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ngakumbi ngesi sifo. Ngoko ke, Ebola - igama eliqhelekileyo Ebolavirus usapho iintsholongwane. Phumeza ukuba filoviruses, obe ubaqhiphukisa ukopha. Kufuneka kwakhona zithi ukuba iimpawu zabo morphological le ntsholongwane laza ngexesha yintsholongwane yeMarburg, kodwa zahluke ngayo ulwalamano antigenic.

iintlobo

Ebola une sub-iintlobo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo, ezine apho wabetha umntu.

1. Zaire gciwane. Igama kwaba ngenxa yokuba yabhalwa kuqala e Zaire. Apha ipesenti ephezulu yokufa - malunga ne-90% (ngexesha xa intsholongwane yakini emhlabeni, izinga lokusweleka liye landa ukusuka kweziyi-83 ukuya kwi-90%). Isigulana lokuqala - utitshala wesikolo oneminyaka engama-44 ubudala wayehlala kwenye idolophu encinane Yambuku. Symptomatology kwesifo sifana kakhulu seengcongconi. Unobangela sifo, oogqirha ebizwa kwakhona neenaliti izifo ukuba ngenaliti.
2. gciwane eSudan. Ukuqhambuka yokuqala zentsholongwane kubonakele ku kwidolophu yokusebenza-yeklasi encinane Nzara, Sudan. Carrier losulelo khange ichongiwe, nangona abaphandi wabancina zonke izilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane kule ndawo. Yokufa kule zenyathi intsholongwane nama-51-63%.
3. gciwane Restonsky. Namhlanje, oogqirha abanalo kwincopho eqhelekileyo iimbono malunga nale ohlobo. Ezinye izazinzulu niwafake njengokuba Ebola yintsholongwane, abanye bathi ukuba yintsholongwane entsha Asia. Phawu: kuchaphazela obeku- kuphela, abantu abosulelwe nayo asikwazi. Kuba okokuqala ugqabhuko virus sabhalwa ngowe-1989, xa iJamani elabhoratri yophando kwaziswa macaque eluhlaza. Emva koko ezigulayo afunyanwa eTexas (USA), eItali, kunye Philippines.
4. Côte d'Ivuarsky yintsholongwane. Ekuqaleni yafunyanwa ngo-1994, kwihlathi Côte d'Ivoire bangafani ezimbini abafileyo kwafunyanwa nini. Utyando lwatyhila ukuba nezo igazi kwezinye amalungu (njengoko ebantwini, wathelela uhlobo olunganeno Zairian). Omnye abafazi, obeqhuba yotyando, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa kamva wafumanisa ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane eyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, bonke yaphela kakuhle, wabuyisa ugqirha, ukuba ikhosi unyango.
5. Bundibugyo gciwane. Ekwindla-2007, urhulumente waseUganda ubhengeze ukuba Bundibugyo Ebola kwesifo. Emva kophando, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba uhlobo olunganeno olutsha yintsholongwane yosulela abantu. Emva konyaka, isiza losulelo lwapheliswa. Ngokuba lonke ixesha ngumkhuhlane abantu abamalunga nama-150, yokufa - 37.

indlela usulelo

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu abaninzi ulwazi malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa Ebola. Okokuqala, kufuneka wathi ukuba le ntsholongwane sele bekuthi engama - 40, kodwa izazinzulu Asikabi nazo ulwazi ngokupheleleyo ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, indlela yokudlulisela wayo yahluke kakhulu. Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba yosulela zetoti, kukudibana ngegazi umguli, lo gama usebenzisa izinto zasekhaya afana ngayo umntu osulelekileyo xa wabelana ukutya. Uninzi olusemngciphekweni na abasebenzi bezonyango abasebenza kunye ezosulelekileyo. ingozi obukhulu ngokudibana negazi yesigulane. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba isifo sephepha siyasulela kakhulu, ngoko, usenokosuleleka naxa yachukumisa nolusu okanye isifo malunga nesigulane eso. Olusemngciphekweni nabo izazinzulu abo babanjiweyo nkawu abosulelekileyo kunye nokusebenza nabo kwithuba yedwa. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abakuloo gumbi elifanayo njengoko isigulane, kodwa ngokusondeleyo wadibana nabo ukuze uhlale usempilweni. Ngoko sinako bafikelele kwisigqibo elula ukuba ntsholongwane ayihambi zamathontsana emoyeni.

ngemveliso

Ngokusekelwe kule ngasentla, impendulo kubantu abaninzi nomdla umbuzo nokuba zosuleleke ngayo yi-Ebola ngokusebenzisa iibhanana? Impendulo negative ngokupheleleyo. Naziphi na ukutya, kubandakanywa iibhanana, zithwala abangenwa nto. Ekuphela kwendlela usulelo kukutya kulo mzekelo: ukuba luyazanywa kuqala sifo, kwaye ke umntu esempilweni.

susceptibility

Iqondwe njengoko bane Ebola, nathi sifanele sithi ukuba susceptibility abantu ukuba intsholongwane liphezulu kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba usulelo ngokudibana neencindi zomzimba yonakaliswe ye isigulana phantse 100%. Noko ke, amatyala isifo nezolo wafunyanwa. Uvela koku, unako ukwenza kwisigqibo elula kukuba ephilayo iyakwazi ukuvelisa omzimba kule sifo.

Phi kwaye nini?

Ngaba ngokuqinisekileyo cinga ezo kumazwe apho ezisisigxina Ebola. Ngoko ke, okokuqala zonke kuyingozi kakhulu kule meko kwilizwekazi le-Afrika. Amaninzi nakujoliso olutsha losulelo kuye kwafunyanwa emahlathini esembindini nasentshonalanga yetropika eAfrika. Oku ikakhulu kumazwe afana Sudan, Zaire, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Liberia, Senegal, Cameroon, Gabon, Kenya, Cameroon, Central African Republic. Ixesha lonyaka - intlakohlaza nehlobo. E Sudan, wangenwa abasebenzi intsholongwane cotton okusila, ukusasaza usulelo kwiintsapho zabo. E Zaire kwakukho usulelo nosocomial. Kulo mzekelo, ezinye abanentsholongwane i yintsholongwane abangaziwayo asiwe kwiziko lonyango apho elosulelekileyo kuphela abongikazi awayesebenza kunye igazi kunye nezinye ulwelo ezigulane, kodwa abanye abemi esibhedlele. ukwanda Secondary waba usapho abo izigulane abayinyamekelayo ukuthwala intsholongwane. Ngowe-1994 e Zaire swine fever ngenxa yokuba abahlali bathabatha ukudla ubuchopho nkawu yintsholongwane. Amanye amazwe apho esisigxina Ebola: Germany, eUnited States, Italy. Kwakukho iimvavanyo ziqhutywe kunye nezifundo zentsholongwane, le ntsholongwane intra (ngaphandle amaziko ophando kulo mzekelo, virus "elingachazwanga"). Kutshanje, kunjalo, inokufumaneka iimeko ekwanti zosulelo, intsholongwane kumazwe ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini jikelele. Idluliselwe abantu bayo kutshanje abaye batyelela Afrika.

symptomatology

Ithuba elisuke for Ebola ziintsuku 4-16. Ngemihla okuqala intsholongwane kubonakala ziimpawu etsolo abonakale eliqaqambileyo. Ekuqaleni, umntu uqalisa ukuziva yintloko ebuhlungu, ezibukhali liphuma ubushushu - up to 38-39 ° C, ukuze ikwafumana isicaphucaphu, umkhuhlane jikelele. Abaninzi abagulayo kwaye uzive iimpawu ezifana angina: oku kunokuba ukudumba tonsils, imvakalelo ebizwa ngokuba "ibhola emqaleni," utrudnennoe ligwinya. Xa intsholongwane luya lusiba nochatha, isigulana kakhulu esiswini, ukugabha, urhudo, uhlobo wamagazi. Iyafumaneka kulusu yophela ngaphakathi, ukugabha wamagazi. Abaninzi abosulelwe iphazamisekile luvo. Baya ningakhathazeki enobundlobongela. Amaxesha amaninzi le meko sithatha ixesha emva bachache ngokupheleleyo. Malunga ngomhla wesi-5 ka-fever kubaguli kuvela yabangxamayo - irhashalala. Ukufunda ngakumbi, yintoni na Ebola: iimpawu njengoko sifo sisasazwa kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ezimbini isiphumo zesifo kunokwenzeka:

1. esibulalayo kwenzeka kwi kwiveki 2 sifo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukopha, ukunxila, Njengokungeniswa States.
2. Inkqubo ukuphiliswa isigulane luqala emva kangangeeveki eziliqela isigulana uya ' "kwisigaba zale sifo. sokubuyisa ixesha ekuphulukenwe ngokupheleleyo ungadluliselwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu. Kulo mzekelo, isigulane lisenokuba anorexia. Lidla nasemva recovery ngokupheleleyo evela ukuphazamiseka engqondweni yabantu waphawula.

ukungaphili

Ukuyiqonda into Ebola fever (iimpawu, esi sifo sisasazwa), unako bafikelele kwisigqibo elula ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukufumana kwakhona. I-ALS for amatyala bangamahlwempu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ukufa iphezulu kwaye intsholongwane ukususela kuma-50 ukuya kwi-90% amatyala.

ekuxilongweni

uxilongo mahluko of Ebola intsonkothile. Ngapha koko, esi sifo yohlobo bufutshane kwaye olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kule ndawo kwabantu kuwa kakhulu elo xesha ezibe kwilizwekazi le-Afrika. Olusemngciphekweni kwakhona iingcali ezisebenza neencindi ezosulelekileyo. Ukuze ubone ubukho abanentsholongwane enye kuphela uvavanyo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, uphando kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphandle kwelona nqanaba liphezulu yokhuseleko eziphilayo. Izazinzulu zanamhlanje baye bafunda ukuqaphela nangecesina, iindlela zokuxilonga usebenzisa non-luchukumisa (ngokusebenzisa umchamo kunye namathe ukufunda izigulane).

Iindlela zonyango

Ekhaya, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukumelana nale ntsholongwane. Ukwenza oku, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nemithi. Ekubeni kokuvela esi sifo kakhulu soloko ilandelwa yi emzimbeni, andingowasemzimbeni, kubalulekile ukugcina silungelelene fluid kunye electrolyte yomguli kwinqanaba elifunekayo. Kulo mzekelo, kusenokufuneka izisombululo ukumnika efakwa eziqulathe electrolytes kumafa yayo. Ke lugonyo le ntsholongwane, oko noko. Noko ke, izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke ukusebenza wokusungula yakhe. Kodwa izinto zakutshanje kubonisa ukuba unyango olusebenzayo iya kufumaneka kungekudala. Kodwa ukuba ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusasazwa kufuneka nje emininzi iminyaka.

Lithetha ngoogqirha

Namhlanje, evela nakuwuphi na umthombo, u nga dyondza ku kombisa indlela Ebola. Iifoto neevidiyo, amanqaku kunye namaphepha uphando - ukuba ifumaneke mmi nganye planethi bonke. Ngapha koko, iingcali zenzululwazi siqinisekile ukuba ngakumbi ulwazi abantu, kokukhona lukhuselwe. Ngoko ke, kanye kwakhona ndifuna ukuba ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba u zosuleleke ngayo yi-Ebola ngokusebenzisa iibhanana kunye nezinye iimveliso? No. Ukuba nokwenzeka isulelo kakhulu, eziphantsi kakhulu. Kodwa ke ukuba umntu wahambela kwenye kumazwe into ngaphambili nepokotho osulelo niyiphaphamele ubuncinane enye kwezi mpawu zingasentla, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba khawuleza ufune uncedo lonyango. Kubalulekile ukuba kwaoko uye ulwamkelo kwizifo ezosulelayo. Yaye into yokuqala ugqirha kufuneka azise isigulane: indlela kufika.

Yintoni ukwenza ntoni?

Wonke ugqirha uyazi malunga noko Ebola, apho 'ukuza' kwaye nomawukwenze kwindawo yokuqala. Ngoko, xa iimpawu zokuqala kwizigulane esibhedlele. Nangona kunjalo, akukho isibhedlele ngokwaneleyo eqhelekileyo. Abosulelwe qiniseka ukuba ifakwe kwibhokisi, ngaphandle zonke izigulane (njengoko kunjalo seengcongconi, okanye ekupheliseni ingqakaqa). Sebenza isigulane ukuba isangqa elimxinwa kuphela kwabantu. akayi kuba nako ukubhala phambi iintsuku ezingama-21 ukususela ekuqaleni kwesi sifo isigulane (rhoqo inkqubo recovery olupheleleyo sihlala iinyanga ezintathu). Iya kuba izinyathelo ebalulekileyo:

1. Zonke izinto, impahla isigulane ziya kumakishwa. Akukho namnye ngaphandle sifo, kuya nabuganga ukusebenzisa zonke kuyo.
2. Kuba unyango kunye nokuziphatha zonke izixhobo ezilahlwayo kuphela kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zonyango. Emva koko ke kufuneka nokuba kutshiswa okanye njengoko autoclaved (iintsholongwane ze emva koko kulahlwa).
3. Funa Ukuphathwa ezizodwa zonke neencindi zomzimba yomguli (leyo kuthathwa ukuba uphando).
4. Abasebenzi elisebenza nge umntu onesifo, kufuneka ibe anti-isibetho isuti ekhethekileyo uhlobo lokuqala.
5. Amanqindi, apho isigulana, ngokuyimfuneko unikwa umoya ococekileyo.
6. Ebudeni besifundo, iingcali igazi kufuneka balumke ngokukhethekileyo.

kuveze

Ukuba iyitshinizele koko, uyakwazi Awunokosulelwa Ebola ngokusebenzisa iibhanana okanye ukutya, waza wafunda iindlela ezisisiseko yokosulela, sifanele sithethe ngendlela iingcali ziya bajongane abantu badibana isigulane. Nabani na ixesha elithile kwi kummandla owosulelekileyo kananjalo ibekwe kwibhokisi ekhethekileyo babukele kangangeeveki ezintathu. Kulo mzekelo, zonke izinto zasekhaya nazo ngqo ngamnye, enombhalo. Onke lweemeko ezikrokrelekayo zesifo, izigulana kuya kungena i immunoglobulin ethile, equka hyperimmune serum zamahashe. Ixesha le kusho malunga ngeveki - iintsuku ezilishumi.

ukuvimbela

Zeziphi kule kunokwenzeka amanyathelo othintelo? Eyona ndlela ibhetele sikuphephe ukwenza abagulayo - hayi abonakale kwiindawo apho ngaphambili wabona nakujoliso olutsha usulelo. Noko ke, ukuba, indoda iya amazwe Afrika, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba kufuneka kancinci kangangoko wawumdibanisa neencindi umzimba bendawo, musa ukudibanisa zonke iintlobo obeku-. Isilumkiso kufuneka Kwakhona waphawula emahlathini emvula yeAfrika kunye nemiqolomba. Zonke izinto zasekhaya kule meko kufuneka ngamnye ngcono - elahlwayo. Zonke ezi amanyathelo anxulumene ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Iingcali abasebenza ngqo kunye nezigulane, isilumkiso kufuneka inkcazo yomsebenzi kunye namanyathelo yokhuseleko yasungulwa ngqo Kwiimeko ezinjalo.

manani zakutshanje

Kufuneka kuthi ukuba amatyala losulelo Ebola kuyagcinwa namhlanje. Olusemngciphekweni bamhlophe kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izigulane yintsholongwane efumaneka Intshona Melika - eUnited States naseKhanada, kwakunye kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Iingcali ngokuzithemba ukuba Ebola - ukugrogriswa emibi owayephila kubo bonke abantu. Kuphela ixesha ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya ku-Agasti kulo nyaka kwimvumelwano idata intsholongwane, abantu abangaphezu kwama-1,700, ngaye 932 bafa.