Mycotoxicoses - it ... mycotoxin Ukuthintela

ezingafunekiyo fungi ezithile yingozi enkulu emntwini nezilwanyana. Kukho ikho into mycotoxicoses. Eli qela elithile izifo ezithe zavela ngenxa yeziphumo ezibi ityhefu - iimveliso pathways ze zomngundo sande.

Yintoni ingozi sande

Ezi amagciwane kwandile kuzo zonke amazwekazi iplanethi yethu, yaye ityhefu bevelisa zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kuzo zombini kuqoqosho (ngenxa yomonakalo material), kwakunye nempilo yoluntu kunye nezilwanyana. Products ayikufanelanga ukutyiwa, incasa yawo kunye nezinye iimpawu organoleptic zimbi kabukhali. Uyawathanda, nto leyo ivule uphuhliso ngumngundo, fungi zahlulwe gazi (iinkcubeko ezimangalisayo njalo) kunye saprophytes (basikeleleni ubomi izityalo kwabafileyo). Iimeko kangangoko ukuba vuliwe yabo - amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukufuma umoya ukusuka 95% feed lokufuma malunga nama-30%. Amagciwane mycotoxin (kukho malunga nama-250) ingaqala zabo zokuziphilisa kunye sekuvuneni; ukuthuthwa engalunganga okanye ukugcinwa. Ukuba isilwanyana atye ukutya, lo ezinzwaneni ye ukungunda, inyama, ubisi uba yokuhlala ezincinane ezinjalo. Kulo mzekelo, amathuba okuba bosulelekile, kwaye umntu oza kusebenzisa le mveliso. mycotoxicosis isilwanyana uyakwazi ukuba ndingabonakalisi. Kodwa akukho ukunyhashwa ngaphantsi kakhulu kunokubangela ityhefu data ebantwini.

imiphumela emibi mycotoxins

Watyhida i nefuthe elibi kakhulu phantse zonke iinkqubo zomzimba. Abanye babo kubangela izifo ezingapheliyo, abanye ukuphazamisa ukusebenza luvo. Dermatitis, negazi, dysbiosis - ezi mhlawumbi iimpawu ezininzi ebubonisayo ezinokubangela mycotoxicoses kunye nosulelo ezinzwaneni. Ezi zifo zingabangela uphuhliso muscular kwezintso, sifo, ukudakumba, onakalise iimpahla, kodwa kusenokukhokelela inkangeleko yamathumba. Inani elikhulu kwezi Cya kuchaphazela uphuhliso osadaleka abafazi abakhulelweyo. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo - bayakwazi ukuphembelela izixhobo zofuzo.

Aflatoxins. Imiphumela emibi yityhefu

Le amagciwane abaninzi bafunda losulelo ezinzwaneni of mikotoksikozov wamathumbu - A.flavus, aflatoxins. Ngamana kukhule umbona, ingqolowa, irayisi, iimbotyi ikoko, ikofu, imifuno kunye neziqhamo. Ngokomthetho ityhefu data ezifumaneka kwizityalo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo iimveliso zezilwanyana - inyama, ubisi, amaqanda (ukuya kwi-1 mg / kg). Nkqu izixa ezincinane aflatoxins liyakwazi ukuba nefuthe elibi abantwana abaselula. Iingcali ziye zasungula unxibelelwano phakathi uphuhliso umhlaza wesibindi lokuqala, kwaye eli qela ityhefu. Ukuba aflatoxin njalo ngenisa emzimbeni, umntu ulahlekelwe weight. Abantwana isantya nokukhula kwayo. Amaninzi, le arhente kubangela izilwanyana mycotoxicosis - iihagu, lamathole neleebhokhwe. Kwakhona uvakalelo aflatoxins kunye amadada, iikalakuni, amadada. Xa isifo esinzulu ngokufa kangangoko ka-30% ukuya kwi-100% labantu bebonke.

Fuzariotoksiny. zesifo kunxilwe

Ukuba ukhozo ubusika phantsi ibhola bekhephu, umngcipheko omkhulu Fusarium ngundo. imveliso yawo yokutya emzimbeni kakhulu izinzile. Fuzariotoksiny ibhujiswe kwinkqubo abilayo, babe ukumelana eliphezulu chemical. Kwakhona egcinwe kwi okuziinkozo ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Buthi ludala izifo ezifana angina yokubolisa. Okokuqala, kukho iimpawu umqala obuhlungu, jikelele mbi noko. Emva koko ke white cell wegazi lwehla (phantse 10 umphinda). Kwakhona lehla athwala, nerhashalala uphawu angavela esikhumbeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko ephuhlisa inkqubo necrotizing. Ngoko ke, izifo fungal, mycotoxicoses - esi sifo kakhulu yingozi efuna unyango enobuchule kunye antibiotics. Grain angcolile fuzariotoksinami, kuyo nayiphi na imeko asihambelani ukutyiwa ngabantu zombini oluntu kunye nezilwanyana. Sebenzisa kuphela processing zobugcisa (umz, ekwenziweni utywala mveliso).

Ergotism. Iimpawu zokuqala

Enye ngundo, ezinako iinkozo ukubetha, - Claviceps purpurea. Nwe lesi silwanyana inombala omnyama purple. Ngaba kwenzeka spikelets irye, ingqolowa. Ukuba ingqolowa ngokupheleleyo icocwe of yiergot, izinto eziyityhefu zikhutshwe ngqo kwi umgubo. Baking ngezinto ezinjalo kunokubangela ergotism. Kwangaxeshanye oko kuchaphazela amalungu kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Bonakalisa zonke iimpawu yityhefu - isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, iintlungu esiswini. Ifomu kakhulu zesi sifo luphawulwa ukuhlaselwa nemibono, tremens. ifomu kunokwenzeka yaye xuki, apho kukho necrosis kweqondo, ubuso. Unyango kulo mzekelo kwangumqondiso mayibhekiswe kususwa ukunxila. Indlela yokuqala yokulwa yiergot yinto ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo izityalo.

Stahibotriotoksikoz

Mycotoxicoses data - ezi izifo eziqhelekileyo kakhulu kwizilwanyana kunqabile ebantwini. Iarhente causative - yoluvo ngundo Stachybotrys alternans. Stahibotriotoksikoz - imeko enkulu kakhulu ngamahashe, iinkomo kunye neenkukhu. Lo mfanekiso yinto ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kukho ukudumba kwisiqwenga zesisu, uze emva koko - amanxeba necrotic kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ukuphuhlisa ukusilela intliziyo etsolo, agranulocytosis. Enye Isifo esichaphazela yegazi lesilwanyana, - dendrodohpotokeikoz. Inkalo esi sifo yangoku ngamandla, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni izilwanyana kwenzeka.

Okunye mycotoxins eziyingozi

Yi akukho iimveliso akanangozi pathways of fungi ukuba ochratoxin A, patulin. Iklasi yoluvo First ivelisa ngundo IPenicillium, Aspergillus. Ezwi yayo ifuna ukufuma eliphezulu imveliso (hayi ngaphantsi kwe-22%). mycotoxicoses ezinjalo - ke ukonakalisa izilwanyana, kakuhle umsebenzi zezintso ebantwini. Ukongeza, ochratoxin, ajikeleza egazini, kwaye uyakwazi ukungena kwi ubisi lwebele. izifundo zeLebhu ukuqinisekisa ifuthe layo umhlaza. Patulin oluhlala becala namaqunube, iziqhamo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba le tyhefu iyamelana lobushushu eliphezulu, ngoko ke kungabonwa kunye neemveliso alungiswa iziqhamo ezibolileyo. Ngakumbi rhoqo ukufumana patulin kwi juice iapile. Emibi ezibangela Ityhefu yoluvo, okubi kakhulu. Oku kunye nokudumba ingqondo, kunye nokuphazamiseka sezintso, umphunga.

Ukuthintela ukwenyuka ityhefu kwizityalo

Ukunciphisa mycotoxicoses, uthintelo imbonakalo yazo kufuneka iquke le misebenzi ilandelayo. Plant yokuzalela - indlela eziluncedo yokulwa fungi. Uphuhliso zobunjineli yemfuza unokubangela ukumelana eliphezulu ukuya iintsholongwane nenkcubeko. Umgaqo yesibini yesicelo esilungileyo kobuchwepheshe yezolimo. Isivuno kufuneka iqokelelwe ngokungqinelana imithetho emiselweyo. unyango elandelayo lwengqolowa nayo ibalulekile. Okokuqala kufuneka acoce iimveliso ezichaphazelekayo ukusuka iziqalelo. Ukugcinwa kwezinto ekrwada kufuneka yenziwe kwiindawo umoya kakuhle, kubalulekile ukuba ngaphezulu i iinkcubeko umbundu ukufuma. Kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa kweempuku, izinambuzane kwiindawo zokugcina okuziinkozo. Phambi iimveliso processing igciwane yilebhu ebusweni mycotoxins. Ukuba bathe zifunyanwa, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucoca izinto ekrwada okanye ukurhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwimveliso.

Uthintelo mycotoxin ekhaya

Mycotoxicoses - sisifo zisoloko engapheliyo. Angemi abulale kuphela emva kwexesha elithile kuqala ukukwenza umzimba wethu. Ngoko ke, ngo-bume basekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuphepha uphuhliso ngumngundo kwi etyiwayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eyintloko okuqinisekisa ukukhula ezi Cya yi ukufuma eliphezulu lobushushu eliphezulu. Foods nabadywidi ngokukhawuleza, kuyimfuneko ukuba bahlolisise ngenyameko na. Xa uphawu lokuqala ngumngundo ngokusebenzisa kungcono ukwala. Kakade ke, ayizizo zonke sokubumba - nto iyingozi. Noko ke, engozini impilo yabo Nangoku ikufanele. Lo mgaqo usebenza iziqhamo, imifuno, goods, hooter kunye nezinye kulondoloza. Pet ukutya kufuneka kuhlolwe ngenyameko. Ukuba bafumana okuziinkozo abosulelwe ukutya ukutya okunjalo sele Asinakusebenziseka. mycotoxicoses Ukutya ekwaziyo ibangela umonakalo omkhulu izilwanyana neentaka.