Imithetho noxilongo lwasenkundleni. Ingcamango Ixabiso

inzululwazi Forensic yindawo noko ebanzi, ebandakanya indlela uphando iindlela zokuqokelela ubungqina, ngokunjalo iindlela ezizodwa izinto zokufunda ngempumelelo. iindlela eziluncedo ukuphunyezwa iindlela inzululwazi becala kunxulumene izixhobo diagnostic. Ethathe imilo Bulelani kwinkqubo yeengcali zophando amazwe ukwandisa amathuba ekufumanekeni zolwaphulo-mthetho ukuba amatyala ezinkundleni. Enoba ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe, ukuchongwa lwasenkundleni, kwaye isifo isekelwe isiseko somthetho, kwaye kubalulekile kumaqumrhu yophando.

Le ngcamango kuxilongo lwasenkundleni

Isishwankathelo iindlela zokuxilonga asetyenziswa kwinzululwazi lwasenkundleni ingabalelwa iqela eqhelekileyo iindlela kwingqiqo. Iingcali ukuchonga, ukubhaqa ukuchaza iimpawu zezinto, leyo ukuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa imeko nomgangatho zifundo test. Eyona nto ubonakalise indlela ngezifo ukusetyenziswa izixhobo diagnostic - izihloko uqhagamshelwano yokufunda lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngako oko, kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezithile kunye nosetyenziso ezi zixhobo nokufunda. Kulo mzekelo, izisekelo kuxilongo lwasenkundleni zisekelwe phezu ingqikelelo reflection. Imfundiso intsontelo nomthetho kwakhona ngokusekelwe kulwazi imithetho ziyaphunyezwa ngeendleko iindlela zale mihla le ukuxhomekeka kolungiso, kwaye ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko leengcali kufumana inkcazelo yenene efunekayo ukuze inkqubo yokucinga kwinkqubo yokubonisa.

izakhiwo zokuxilonga

Ngokubanzi, nantoni na enika iingcali ithuba lokwandisa izimvo malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho, inokuba isifo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ulwazi kubangela ukuba kuveliswa ngexesha lomsebenzi lwasenkundleni kwengqondo, nto leyo yenza uthelekiso ityhila imiqondiso, athelekise iinketho njalo njalo. D. Ngokwenene, isihloko kuxilongo lwasenkundleni isenzo iinkcukacha elibhalisileyo zingangqamana yenjongosenzi uphando. Enye into kukuba iindlela zokufumana ezi data ziyahluka.

Kwaye apha kuyimfuneko ukuya izinto sifo, iimpawu zazo ubukhulu becala isigqibo ukukhetha iindlela yophando. Xa ukuqonda criminologist ongenalwazi kudla ejongene nabantu kunye nezinto, apho kamva bakhonza njengobungqina. Ekusebenzeni uxilongo lwasenkundleni izinto angamelwa ngaphezulu ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, ixesha nendawo - ezi ze data kakhulu nabakwaziyo ukwenza njengoko inkalo ezizimeleyo uphando, ukunika ulwazi njongo malunga iimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho.

zophando

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kule uhlobo lophando. Phakathi kwawo ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela into kamsinya zokufunda, ukulungiselela izimvo zalo ngalo ngenxa yembonakalo neempawu, kwakunye uhlalutyo jikelele ubudlelwane phakathi izinto zeso sifundo. Njengoko isifundo ngqo, loo nto ithathwa enkulu - kweli nqanaba inkcazelo kobungqina. Umzekelo, ukuba ngaba i-injini yesithuthi eso inxeba phezulu ngexesha ulwaphulo-mthetho. Isicelo uxilongo kwezidumbu isifundo ngokusekelwe iimpawu kunye neempawu wabhekisela nasekufundweni mapping. Oku kuthetha ukuba umba ophambili ukuba uhlalutyo karhulumente ngokuthanda into. Indlela yesithathu ukuba ukufunda yinto imodeli odityanisiweyo evumela ukuba bafunde imeko kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Kweli nqanaba, iingcali kufuneka babe nolwazi malunga nemeko izinto, nto leyo eya kumisela unxulumano eziyimfuneko phakathi kwabo, ngokunjalo nendima yabo ngokwemeko ulwaphulo-mthetho.

imisebenzi zokuxilonga

Xa wamacala kakhulu iinjongo ezichazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba ziphunyezwe ekuhambeni kumaziko ophando, kunye nobudlelwane zabo. izigqibo eziphambili malunga iziphumo zophononongo eyenziwe kumsebenzi ngakumbi nabaphandi, kodwa uxilongo lwasenkundleni, ogama imisebenzi zezi zilandelayo, ukwenza unobangela Ubhaqo ulwaphulo-mthetho phantse umnikelo isigqibo:

• Ukubeka iimeko isiganeko test, ngokwemiqathango isakhiwo lwendawo.
• Ukufumanisa indlela yokuba ukuphunyezwa izigaba ngamnye iziganeko zolwaphulo-mthetho.
• Icwangcisa imeko imeko ulwaphulo ngokwecandelo lwesakhiwo yokwenene-izinto eziphathekayo.
• Ukumisela isiganeko ixesha phantsi kophando.
• Uphononongo kolwalamano kobude, kwakunye ukulinganisela yezenzo zabo.
• Ukuchonga iimpawu kunye neempawu zezinto.
• Ekwenzeni isishwankathelo indlela leli ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Izigaba uxilongo lwasenkundleni

Ukusuka kwindawo ezenziwayo, uxilongo kufuneka anike iingcali ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukusombulula ezi ngxaki zichazwe ngentla apha. Ukulungiselela le njongo, sebenzisa uhlalutyo bokuphanda kweziganeko ngokuhlola iimpawu kunye neempawu zezinto, kwakunye iinguqu ezenzeka emva kokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho. Eneneni, ngesisekelo kwaye emiselwe ezisebenza-mthetho okanye izigaba zawo ezohlukeneyo. Ukuphumeza zawo, ulwaphulo-mthetho ndawo umvavanyi kufuneka enze amanyathelo eziliqela inkqubo loxilongo. Kwindawo yokuqala emiselwe injongo apho kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza, kwakunye izifundo zokufunda. Elilandelayo isifundo lokuqala izinto, ngoko ke iingcali aqale ukuchonga iimpawu diagnostic. Ngelo isigaba sokugqibela uthelekiso eyenziwa mfanekiso kunye ahlole. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kule meko anokuthi alungi-lungiswe, elikuvumela ukuba aqulunqe ngokuchanileyo ngakumbi esiphelweni.

lokuzazisa esayensi

Identification ekuqondeni lwasenkundleni kunokuba neentsingiselo eziliqela. Umzekelo, oko kuthathwa injongo okanye Iziphumo zesifundo, kwakunye nenkqubo yophando ngokwayo. Mhlawumbi ukuchongwa kakhulu ngokupheleleyo wamacala utyhila a ingqiqo yeengcingane, esekelwe kwimigaqo kunye neendlela yokubona izinto. Le ndlela yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuseka inyaniso inkqubo yophando. Phakathi indlela imisebenzi ukuze anikezele ezifanayo ezithile neeyantlukwano, iimpawu ezikhethekileyo, iimpawu ekhululekile kunye neempawu zezinto. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuqatshelwa basenkundleni kwaye isifo ngeendlela ezininzi ezinxulumene. Noko ke, ukubona oku kuseyinto enye ubuchule methodological ezisisiseko isetyenziswe ngaphakathi noxilongo. Kwinkqubo yoyilo yokuqaphela thiyori esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi logic indlela esesikweni dialectical. ukuchongwa ISISHWANKATHELO kule meko kuyehla kube into uthelekiso kunye neemephu yayo.

loviwo Neidentifikatsionnye

Kuneyokuqala kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuchonga kule mihla kwaqashwa neidentifikatsionnaya ubuchule. Ezinye iindlela zayo ezisetyenziswa namhlanje kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kuxilongo lwasenkundleni, kuquka isifundo wesandla kunye neemvavanyo weave. Ukuze uqonde umongo neidentifikatsionnyh neendlela ingqalelo imfundiso yonxulumano. Iingcali Sisebenzisana iindlela ezininzi zonxibelelwano ukunceda ukubona nomfanekiso lokuqhubeka sifundo. Umzekelo, unga khetha izinga lelizwi, umzila yemfuza zisebenza. Kwimeko yokuqala kulindeleke lungu ezikhoyo phakathi izinto ezakha imboniselo, iklasi, uhlobo, njalo njalo. D. lungu Genetic ichaza ukufana phakathi uphando kwaye ibangele ngokunjalo phakathi moya kunye nemeko. It ikuvumela ukuba zibonise ukuxhomekeka kwe isenzeko kunye neziphumo oluzayo. esithengiswayo esebenzayo kuvela izinto yemfuza, kunye neenkcukacha zamanani parameters zayo - usebenzisa le ndlela ukufunda uyakwazi ukubona iifom lwendawo, zezomzuzwana, kunye nezinye zonxibelelwano.

inkqubo yokuchonga Modern

lokuzazisa Traditional kubandakanya ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi, kuquka inkcazelo kobulungu qela, uthelekiso kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, ufakelo ezahlukahlukeneyo iinxalenye ngamnye, ukuqatshelwa amabala nobuntu kunye nabanye. Esi sakhiwo uphando inika ulwazi olunzulu kuphela uhlobo kunye nemeko into, kodwa ke uhlobo yentsebenziswano yayo kunye iziganeko bangaphandle. Ukuphumeza oku yoko, ingcali ngezifo yenza inkqubo yokuchonga equlathe izigaba ezininzi. Umsebenzi luqala ekuyilweni ngxaki, elandelwa khangela nokufumanisa izinto ezifanayo. Ke ndaqonda isigaba ukufunda ezahlukeneyo zezinto ukubona, ngenxa yoko wenza uthelekiso ngakumbi kunye nesiphelo.

Indima loxilongo kuphando

Inzuzo umsebenzi neengcali zolwaphulo malunga diagnostic tests ibonisa isiseko senyaniso, leyo ekhokelwa ngakumbi nabaphandi. Ngamanye amazwi, ixabiso eliphezulu kuxilongo lwasenkundleni ngenxa ekwenziweni yayo ukumisela inyaniso iziganeko uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho. Kule nkalo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengendlela ukuchonga olunzulu kunye nohlalutyo olubanzi izinto kunye ubudlelwane babo.

isiphelo

Nangona kukho inkqubela zeteknoloji kunye nokhuseleko olungcono kunye nokhuseleko, ekulweni izaphuli lisasebenza nangoku. Ngako oko, iindlela kunye uxilongo lwasenkundleni ziphuhliswe, ngokwemigaqo-sikhokelo theoretical component. Ukuvela iindlela ezintsha neendlela kuhlahlelo bezinto, Kakade ke, kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle abaphandi. Ngokukodwa, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, siye kwasekwa ezinjalo iindidi iimviwo, zombini phonoscope, videotehnicheskaya kunye uqhushumbo nobugcisa. Le ngxelo umda umsebenzi lwasenkundleni kokunganamtheli ukwenza umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi inxalenye enkulu zolwaphulo-mthetho namhlanje zinyuke kakhulu.