Mizobo ye uFrancis Bacon. Frensis Bekon: A Biography

Umntu mizobo of uFrancis Bacon ezinxulumene "ukopha" Imizobo Edvarda Munka. nangoko abanye, ukubukela umdlalo imifanekiso engaqhelekanga khumbula obukhulu kuzo Dali kunye nezinye surrealists. Ekugqibeleni, kungqinelwano imisebenzi lomculi British kunye neentsuku ezithile zobugcisa awabalulekanga kunjalo, kuya makazibandakanye (okanye sele benze) art. Umbukeli lilungiselwa isiphelo ezahlukeneyo - ukuba ukucinga imizobo ka uFrancis Bacon kwaye wabelane ingqiqo ka "isihogo, wehla weza emhlabeni."

Childhood elubhacweni

Iminyaka yokuqala wegcisa beqabe ukuba iziganeko ezothusayo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ngenxa apho intsapho yakhe kwafuneka ukuba ahambe Ireland ukuya eLondon. Noko ke, ngo-1918, kwaziswa uluntu xibilili ixhala Francis sele ninganciphi. Kuba lomculi theatre elizayo imfazwe uthuthwa endlwini yakhe, kwaye waye iqela ongundoqo bakazwilakhe kayise. Ngenye imini wafumana inkwenkwe kukho izinto ezimbalwa piquant: yena zama impahla yabafazi. Uyise akazange ukwamkela ubufanasini nonyana, bamphosa ngaphandle kwendlu. Unyaka wonke Bacon oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala kwafuneka ukuba uma- underworking ejikelezayo kunye nemali leyo yayiza kuthumela umama wakhe. Emva koko umzali nzima iye endaweni umsindo ngenceba, wathumela Francis uhambo kunye nomhlobo bomkhaya. Apho, lo mfana waba abathandi ...

style Hunt

Ngowe-1927, ufumene yona umfana eParis, apho livelela mboniso uPicasso, kwaye ngokuqinileyo isigqibo ngokuba wena; ke yena, uFrancis Bacon - an artist ogama imizobo ngonaphakade udunyiswa uzuko. Lo mfana wachukumiseka kuphela zobugcisa zale mihla kodwa yamandulo. "Massacre amsulwa" yahlaselwa wegcisa Poussin imvakalelo yakhe, kwabonakala kuye ukuba kumzobo - isikhalo esikhulu.

Ingxelo yokugqibela ekuso kakhulu expressionists. Xa phambili, sithi Bekon Frensis (umfanekiso kunye biography wegcisa iyakungqina oku) ekwabelwana ukuqonda kWabo ilizWe njengoko imeko elimasikizi apho abantu zibuthathaka kakhulu yaye bengonwabanga. A umsebenzi lo engile ajike wakhala efuna imvakalelo nangobunto elilolo.

Emva eLondon, Bacon iinkosi umsebenzi decorator ingaphakathi. Oku kudala amalaphu, ifanitshala yaphinda yathandwa kunye noluntu, asikwazi kuthiwa eziqhitsini malunga imisebenzi yobugcisa. Ngowe-1933, enye yakhiwe ka Bacon wawongwa ukuba ube kufuphi kakhulu uPicasso (encwadini umgxeki odumileyo Herbert Funda). Oku ngandlel nomxhelo umzobi, kodwa hayi ixesha elide. Imibutho nguye 1934, exposure asibangwa, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, lo furore enkulu. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva - kwakhona ukusilela. Kumboniso Wentengiso Wezizwe Ngezizwe ye Surrealists, zanikela Frensis Bekon ukupeyinta, wala, ukuphendula ngendlela ngange isimbo avant-garde, esithi ukuba Imizobo ngokwaneleyo surreal.

ukuvuthwa creative

Iminyaka imfazwe khange ukubabona Francis. Ekuqaleni oko kwabalelwa kovimba Civil woKhuselo, kodwa aphinde ayilahle ingcamango ngenxa yemeko engempilo womzobi (uphethwe asthma). Kwafa phakathi 1943 no 1944 Bacon waba Epiphany. Awabatshabalalisayo inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, kwaye endaweni wanikela ihlabathi "Amanqanaba amathathu umfanekiso ngokusekelwe emnqamlezweni." Kwaba ngoko ukuba wazalwa artist yesibini Frensis Bekon, imifanekiso, engobomi leyo eya kuba phantsi elisisiqingatha ihlabathi.

Le triptych iye yabamba egalari Lefebvre, ibangela enziwa enkulu. Le yokugqibela, Noko ke, negalelo kuphela umdla landa umculi. Ekwindla ka-1953 e-New York solo umboniso Bacon, yaye kamva kunyaka ubezukile yena ukuba ukumela UK kwi XXVII Biennale e Venice.

"Isifundo umzimba womntu" yi Muybridge

Kule 60s okuqala Bacon wasuswa lokugqibela. Ugqiba ukuba sihlale kwindawo apho amahashe nifudula igcinwe. Izitali Studio uye waba ilivo kubomi womzobi, kuba kulapha owadala imizobo Frensis Bekon kunye nezihloko kamva ukuba wayeza kuba azise nawuphi na umlandeli taka. Kwaye kanye edume efanayo baba chaos studio, apho ihlala imizobo, postcards, amaphephandaba kufuneka kwiindinyana Francis. Xa zizonke, kwakukho imfumba yomsebenzi kunye umfoti Muybridge, wakhonza njengomthombo ngenxa nokudalwa "Kufundwa komzimba womntu." Bacon uvezwa "indawo" Umfazi nomntwana yemisebenzi yokuqala inkosi. Noko ke, igcisa waboleka sebali inika incasa kabuhlungu. umfazi sihleli enyanisweni, intwana yenyama zineziva, engekude ukusuka apho kukho umntwana-kofe umzimba. Kakhulu emoyeni obukhulu kuhamba imizobo of uFrancis Bacon ithoni obomvu zokuhombi- isithuba ubuntu ngokupheleleyo.

"Figure bulala"

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, igcisa kunye nabahlobo bakhe waba rhoqo "igumbi Troff" ibha. Apho ke wafumana ngokwakhe imifuziselo, enye apho, noHenrietta Moraes, uchazwa ngokuba "bulala nani". Le ukupeyinta, Ayikho enye, luzele iinkcukacha eziyinyani: besinga, unako ukufumana isirinji exabileyo egxalabeni lakhe, kunye isilili imivumbo isibane licuba. Ngelo xesha linye ngemfano noHenrietta yena kwasuka buthathaka.

Ngesakhiwo ngokucacileyo izifaniso ebonakalayo kunye nemisebenzi amanye amagcisa ezifana "Guernica" yaye "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" yi uPicasso. Loo roll ayikho ngengozi: Frensis Bekon, badalwa esweni umsebenzi surrealist iSpanish egama imizobo, bafuna ukuba "akhulule" owalela kangangeenkulungwane ukuhanahanisa ubuze yabantu.

Self-eni

Ingqalo 70s wamiswa umculi ecaleni iziganeko ezimangalisayo. Ngowe-1971, uFrancis uyafa umthandi Dzhordzh Dayer, naye waphila iminyaka emalunga nesixhenxe. Emva kwakhe kude nobomi Dzhon Dikin, photographer owayesebenza ngokusondeleyo mculi (kuyaziwa ukuba Bacon akazange wabhala imisebenzi yakhe ukusuka kwindalo). iilahleko ezinjalo ngakumbi ukuba kakuhle kunokubethelela ngokwayo. "Andinamntu kukha" - kalusizi athi.

Njengabantu abanye womzobo ka uFrancis Bacon, wakhe self-portraits bafuna ukufaka kakuhle lokwenene imodeli. Ngenxa yoko gqithi Ukwehluleka yoku- amabinzana frozen zobuso okanye babesima yingenelo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, lo Bacon umfanekiso onamandla, itshintsha inkosi brush. Ezinye iimpawu basondela ngakumbi, lo gama abanye unyamalale ngokupheleleyo.

udumo olungenakuphela

Ngowe-1988, emva koko-Soviet eMoscow sokunikezela lomboniso imisebenzi ngu Francis, nkqu amanani elinganiselweyo, nto leyo ke ubungqina ilungileyo ingqalelo wegcisa ngaphandle kwehlabathi Koloni.

Ngamanye amaxesha umfanekiso Bacon wenza uhlolo engumxube, kodwa uninzi bagxeki nangoku bayavuma ukuba mkhulu, neziketshi expressionistic musa ukumyekela nabani akanankathalo. Bona ziwuchanile umhlola yaye ngoku, emva kweminyaka 23 emva kokufa Bacon kaThixo.