Metro eBerlin - wesekethe, bagubungele intsimi enkulu

Metro Berlin, nezaziwa ngokuba U-Bahn (Oko kukuthi "kaloliwe komhlaba 'amagama Untergrundbahn) - enye endala eYurophu. It wavula ngo-1902 yaye ngoku okhonza izitishi 170, nto leyo yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezilishumi ubude bayo yeekhilomitha 151,7. Malunga nama-80% kwe kaloliwe phantsi komhlaba Berlin ifihlakeleyo phantsi umaleko womhlaba.

Kulo nyaka, kufeza ngaphezu kwezigidi 400 abakhweli ngo-2012, izigidi 507,3 abakhweli wasebenzisa U-Bahn. umkhweli engaphantsi Daily ngabantu malunga ne-1,4 million. ulawulo lwayo, ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kuye inkampani enkulu kamasipala yezothutho Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, owaziwa kakhulu le ungayiqondiyo BVG.

inkqubo lula

Qho koololiwe une lokuphumla kwimizuzu 2.5 kwi incopho zeveki kunye nemizuzu emihlanu ukuze yonke imini. Ngokuhlwa, oololiwe ifika rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-10. Kukho kwakhona ishedyuli kwisithuba ubusuku losuku.

Ukuthuthwa ephambili eyinkunzi na komhlaba eBerlin. Le nkqubo ngokusondeleyo edibene koololiwe ezintsonkothileyo ezidolophini - S-Bahn. Ngoko ke, abantu bendawo kunye nabatyeleli bayakwazi ngokukhawuleza kwaye kakuhle nakuyiphi na indawo oyifunayo.

indaba

waba Berlin isixeko yokuqala eJamani ukwakha engaphantsi, kwaye yesihlanu e-Europe emva eLondon, Budapest, Glasgow kunye Paris. A indima enkulu xa kwakudalwa zakhiwo zothutho wadlala Werner von Siemens - injineli odumileyo waseJamani kunye umsunguli. Ukuba kokwabo ingcamango wokwakha inethiwekhi uloliwe komhlaba ukuhlangabezana neengxaki yendlela ezikhula elikomkhulu eJamani kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Ukuqondisa yokuqala sikaloliwe yakhiwa yaye yaqaliswa ngo-1902 emva kwexesha elide yokucwangcisa kunye nengxoxo kule projekthi. Ilayini wawela emhlabeni, ubukhulu becala yaphinda izisombululo zobugcisa New York lengoma kaloliwe ephakamileyo. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, landa inani amasebe metro eBerlin. Driving encotsheni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi waba kumacala omane.

Ngokubhekele phaya uceba ulwakhiwo lwezibonelelo komhlaba lwalujoliswe ukudibanisa eyinkunzi kunye neziphaluka zayo: i Wedding, leyo imi kumntla, kunye Tempelhof kunye Neukölln, sime apha emzantsi. Le misebenzi zaqalwa ngoDisemba 1912 kwaye ngamandla kwalibaziseka de 1930 ngenxa yemfazwe kunye nesiqalo nokufika iingxaki zemali abaninzi.

State xa i National Socialist

Xa amandla yaba Party lwamaNazi ngo-1933, iJamani iye yatshintsha kakhulu. Ezi nguqu kwakhona ukuba yabachaphazela Berlin komhlaba. Zonke izikhululo lokusila iiflegi lwamaNazi, izinto ezimbini sele ulinike igama kwakhona imbeko Amaqhawe omtsha. Lomhleli Speer iye yasungula iprojekthi yebhongo ukwandisa Berlin komhlaba. Umphathi wesekethe ijoliswe ekudaleni umgca thunzi leyo kuza kudibanisa ezinye imisonto omnye komnye.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II izikhululo Vtorov zasetyenziswa zokufihla air-ekuphangeni. Infrastructure kudla baboniswa kwintshabalalo, ezinye ezinako ukuphelisa ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo umonakalo kumthwalo ukulwa rhoqo. Ngaphandle koku, intshukumo koololiwe yaye igcinwe kude kube sekupheleni impi.

Kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Apreli 1945 kwama okwethutyana umsebenzi Berlin komhlaba. scheme Tunnel lubonise ukuba izikhukhula sayiyeka ubonelelo ngombane. Nangona kunjalo, kwisithuba nje inyanga phecana waphinda wanikwa kwimo yokusebenza. Ubukhulu becala adunyiswe oku okuya kwingqwayi lesixeko N. E. Berzarinu.

leSoviet

Lo msitho ubalulekileyo kubomi isixeko ukwahlukana yayo ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini. isiqingqo yaziswa kwi ukuhamba kwabantu ukusuka empuma kuye entshona and vice versa. Kubekho sakhiwo ezaziwayo-kakuhle i-Berlin Wall - le kocingo eyohlula isithuba ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini. Oku kwasizi- kobunzima obuninzi kuloo engaphantsi.

modernity

Namhlanje, komhlaba eBerlin inomgca 10 - 9 ezingundoqo ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo omnye. Uthungelwano linobude kwiqula elikhulu yaye ligubungela ummandla nje umzi, kodwa namadlelo ezikufuphi. Abakhenkethi ekuthengisweni kukho Berlin map sikaloliwe kunye neempawu. Ngenxa oku, ziindwendwe ikomkhulu unako ukuhamba ngaphandle yokoyika balahleke, uze uphonononge zonke izinto ezinomdla.