Mass izinyo hydrogen: onzima kunye nokukhanya

I akhanya izinto imichiza, icandelo olusisinyanzelo izinto eziphilayo, iimolekyuli yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi - amanzi - yaye konke malunga hydrogen. Igama kanye iguqulelwe Russian ngoncedo ukuguqulwa iinxalenye igama lesiGrike - ". Lokuzala amanzi" hydrogen - into kunokuba abangenazigqibo eziyingozi (lula!). A hydrogen ngohlobo atom - iyasebenza kakhulu kwaye sele nokunciphisa kwiipropati. Ngoko ke, lo mfundi yemichiza zadachnik usenokucelwa ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ubunzima izinyo hydrogen. Lo mbuzo isiphunzi siyalaba abadala chemistry.

Ucacisa ukuthini into

Le mbono "hydrogen" ukusuka kwindawo ubhalo lwembono, edidayo. Linokuthetha mhlawumbi athom hydrogen, kwaye igesi ehambelana ezikhoyo ngendlela eziphilayo. Kwimeko yesibini - zidityaniswe athom ezimbini. Kunoko, xa kuthethwa "hydrogen mass izinyo" senzelwa igesi, njengokuba atom ngamnye kunokuba asebenzise ingqikelelo mass atomic. Kodwa ezamahala ifomu hydrogen khona ukuze, ingakumbi xa ezinye iinkqubo zomzimba imichiza. Kwaye le into enobunzima nolovane. Ngoko ke lonke ixesha ugqiba umngeni ucacise ngqo ukuba kuthethwa ukuthini.

ingaphezulu free

Xa sithetha i-atom, lo ubunzima izinyo of hydrogen ilingana gram enye adla ngalinye. It inokujikwa ibe kilograms adla nganye ukuze uthobele iimfuno SI, kuba oku kufuneka nje zande-1 ukuya kwi-10 ukuya ngamandla thabatha wesithathu. Nangona ke ezi data echanekileyo ngokupheleleyo, kuba ubunzima atomic - amaxabiso asingabo integers namaqhezu.

Indlela nzima!

Kodwa lumka - ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki physics iincwadi zezifundo, ungenza ujamelana uhlobo enzima hydrogen, leyo yokunikana ezahlukeneyo izinyo. Avamise kakhulu kuthiwa protium hydrogen kwaye inobunzima yegram enye igala, kodwa kukho deuterium (2r ngu adla), kunye eziFihliweyo (3 g adla ngalinye). Deuterium ngezixa ezincinane kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe 0.2%) ifumaneka ehlabathini, yaye phantse zonke eziFihliweyo lungenzeki, kodwa kulula ukungena ngayo zenyukliya. Xa inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki zokwenene zemvelo chemistry musa umahluko phakathi, ngoko ukuba zilungiselela umsebenzi zenzululwazi zendalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba bakulungele ukufumanisa ubunzima izinyo hydrogen kwiimeko ezinjalo engaqhelekanga.

Izibalo for ifomu molecule

Ukuba ingxaki kwakuthetha igesi, ngoko ke kuya kufuneka zande weight atomic hydrogen ukuze grams amabini omnye zibangelwa nolovane ngalinye. iiyunithi atomic grams nolovane ngamanani alinganayo, kodwa kuqala elide asetyenziswe physics kunye nengxoxo iimpawu lweziqalelo, kwaye eyesibini nganye - in ngesisombululo iingxaki ezisebenzayo chemistry. Kodwa apha unako ukubamba ubuze zalishumi hydrogen enzima. Hi ndlela leyi, lumka, uya kulindeleka ukuba ukukwandisa-2 okanye ezi-3 ngo-ezimbini maxa wambi kuwe. Kukho iintlobo hybrid, umz, deuterium kunye eziFihliweyo (ubunzima izinyo hydrogen ngaloo kuba 2 + 3 = 5), kunye deuterium okanye protium (3), eziFihliweyo okanye C nxamnye (4). Ngoko ke, ngokusengqiqweni kwaye yokusonga, kunokuba nande, kungekhona ukuba andiphazami kunye iimolekyuli enzima.

Into enikisa umdla kukuba amanzi, nto leyo equka hydrogen enzima, okwabizwa ngokuba enzima. Ingxaki ziphuma kule hydrogen enzima kuye kunokuba nzima yaye ngenxa yale njongo kusenokufuneka ukubala yintoni ubunzima izinyo hydrogen isimo sakho ethile.