Macrolides. Classification (semi-zokwenziwa, zendalo kunye azalides)

Macrocyclic ring lactone - sisiseko yesakhiwo eekhemikhali iqela antibiotics macrolides. Ulwahlulo kubandakanya ukwahlulwa-14, 15 no-16-membered. Le mithi zithathwa ukuba zinetyhefu encinane.

Macrolides. Ucalulo ngohlobo imvelaphi

macrolides Natural:

Macrolide "Erythromycin" - oku olwa lokuqala bacteriostatic, leyo laba sisiqalo iqela elikhulu. It yafunyanwa 1952 ukususela Streptomyces erythreus - actinomycetes zomhlaba. Ngenxa macrolide "Erythromycin" liye impahla reversibly njengesibophelelo kwi ribosomal 50-enganeno, kuhlukumeza ukuyilwa iibhondi peptide phakathi iimolekyuli acid acid ngemvelo kwaye yenza olubiyele Iprothini Yindibanisela iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo zintsholongwane "Erythromycin" ayithethi nefuthe njini (compound) asidi acid. Maxa amathamo phezulu, malunga neentlobo ezithile iintsholongwane ano- bactericidal.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - yinto zintsholongwane oko kuvela Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, yena - lelokuqala iqela macrolides-16-membered. ring Lactone - sisiseko noshowo ukulungiselela "Spiramycin". It iqulathe 16 athom carbon (C) apho kukho intsalela ezintathu ezinekhabhohayidrethi apha: mycarose, mycaminose kunye forosamine. Amalungiselelo ukuba ngoqobo esebenzayo nokubunjwa kwayo spiramycin asasazwa e Canada, Latin America naseYurophu.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - i-zintsholongwane, iqela emele macrolides-16-membered. Iveliswe ngu Streptomyces narbonensis. Kuye nefuthe ubuntu bactericidal. It abangaphangeliyo Iprothini Yindibanisela iikhompawundi, kuthintela RNA lokutshixa (izithuthi) kwaye uqhagamshele kwi enganeno inwebu 50-ribosomal, ngaloo ndlela uvimba ukutshintshiselana peptides ukusuka kwiziko A. kwindawo ukunyanga izifo lokukhulelwa.

macrolides semi-zokwenziwa:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - lo atibiotik lokuqala semi-zokwenziwa 14-membered. It lufunyenwe ukusuka macrolide "Erythromycin". Iimpawu lwesakhiwo ulunika ukuxhathisa ephakamileyo acid, ekuzakuqalwa nokuphucula iparameters pharmacokinetic.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - a zintsholongwane 14-membered, ithe macrolide "Erythromycin". Kuye ukuqina ukuya asidi kwaye saphucula pharmacokinetic kunye neempawu antibacterial.

macrolides Natural-zintsholongwane besebenza kakhulu nxamnye Igram-HIV, ezinye Cya ezimbi-Igram kunye intracellular. A macrolides mihla ezifana semi-zokwenziwa, esebenzayo ngakumbi nxamnye Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic microflora kunye influenza lesifo.

Ke ekugqibeleni, lo azalides - isizukulwana macrolides yakutshanje:

Zintsholongwane "Azithromycin" libhekisela azalides subclass ahlukile kancinane isakhiwo macrolides oluqhelekileyo. Ring kwi macrolide "Azithromycin" akukho lactone, kodwa-membered 15. Kislotoustoychivot kwenyusa ukuya amaxesha 300 xa kuthelekiswa ne olwa nawo, "Erythromycin".

Macrolides. Ukwahlukanisa ezizukulwaneni:

1st - iziyobisi "oleandomycin" "Erythromycin";
2 - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin";
3rd - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Iimpawu iqela macrolide of antibiotics. Ukwahlukanisa Diseases

Abo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla: sinusitis etsolo, tonzillofaringit streptococcal, inyumoniya ezifunyenwe ekuhlaleni, exacerbation yomoya, unkonkonko, ukubola komqala.

Nesikhumba kwizihlunu ezithambileyo: negcushuwa, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, induna.

kwisisu Ngomlomo: periodontitis kunye periostitis.

inkqubo yokucola: gastroenteritis Campylobacter, isilonda isisu.

Kwakhona macrolides esetyenziselwa nokuthintela izifo zilandelayo: pertussis, meningitis, samathambo, endocarditis.