Lipids - ntoni na? Lipids: umsebenzi, iimpawu

Lipids - ntoni na? NgesiGrike, igama elithi "lipids" lithetha "ngamasuntswana amancinci kwamafutha." Basimisela iqela iikhompawundi zendalo kwezinto indalo ephilayo okubandakanya olubanzi amafutha ngqo kunye namanqatha-like. Bayinxalenye zonke iiseli enye ephilileyo yaye zahlulwe ngokweendidi alula nanzima. Ukubunjwa lipid elula ziquka utywala uyadinga acid, kunye nezintsonkothileyo ziqulathe components eliphezulu ubunzima eziphilayo. Zombini anxulunyaniswa inwebu zebhayoloji, ube nefuthe enzyme esebenzayo, kwaye kananjalo inxaxheba ukuyilwa neemvakalelo-luvo ezivuselela imisipha.

Amafutha kunye angakwazi

Omnye wemisebenzi lipids kukudala i reserve amandla eziphilayo nokuqinisekisa amanzi dudula iimpawu eluswini, oluhamba kunye nokhuseleko usambathisa thermal. Abanye fat-equlethe into, ngokuba kungekho okunamafutha acid, nezaziwa lipids, umzekelo, oko sterols kunye terpenes. Lipids ayikwazi ithiyetha zolwelo medium, kodwa ukunyibilika lula ukuzala organic ezifana chloroform, benzene, acetone.

Lipids, le ntetho yayo ebanjwe athile kwi iisemina ngamazwe ngokunxulumene izinto ezintsha, ke kwisihloko obungapheliyo lokufundisisa uphando. Umbuzo "Lipids - ntoni na?" It akaze ukufaneleka kwayo. Noko ke, inkqubela yenzululwazi na ukuma. Uveze eziliqela fatty inoveli, ezo ulwalamano biosynthetic kunye lipids. Ukuhlelwa oganikhi khompawundi kusenokuba nzima ngenxa yokufana neempawu ezithile, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu kwezinye parameters. Kwiimeko ezininzi, loo nto idala iqela eyahlukileyo, uze Nokubuyiselwa yonke picture izinto ezinxulumene ukuhlangana.

ingaphandle cell

Lipids - yintoni na ngokwemiqathango injongo ezisebenzayo? Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukuba njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo iiseli eziphilayo kunye nezihlunu ekuyo. Iinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni linye inxaxheba lipids, ukuyilwa imifinya yeseli, unxulumano nokutshintshiselana lwemiqondiso kwimeko-bume extracellular, oko phelisa asidi okunamafutha.

Lipids - ntoni na, xa usibona indawo ngokuzenzekelayo ziyenzeka steroid ihomoni, kunye prostaglandins phosphoinositide? Oku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ubukho egazini plasma of fatty ifumile, izinto ezo, ngokwenkcazelo, amacandelo ahlukeneyo izakhiwo lipid. Ngenxa iimpawu hydrophobic umzimba yokugqibela kunyanzeleka ukuba avelise inkqubo zawo zokuhamba olunzima kakhulu. lipids okunamafutha acid ikakhulu yatshintshelwa yekhabhoni albumin kunye lipoproteins ezinyibilikayo emanzini, kuthuthwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

ngezigaba lipids

Ukusasazwa iikhompawundi ekwisimo zebhayoloji, ngokodidi - le nkqubo enxulumene ne eminye yemiba phantsi imbambano. Lipids ngokunxulumene nemvelo beemeko linokukwenziwa ngokulinganayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. kwiiklasi ezisisiseko lipids ziquka iikhompawundi alula nanzima.

Ngokumane ziquka:

• Glycerides - i esters glycerol kotywala kunye namanqatha asidi ze kwelona nqanaba liphezulu.
• Amafutha - aphezulu okunamafutha acid Ester 2-atom utywala.

lipids Complex:

• iikhompawundi Phospholipid - kunye kuqukwa amacandelo nitrogen, glycerophospholipids, ofingolipidy.
• Glycolipids - ibekwe zikhabane zangaphandle eziphilayo eziphilayo.
• Steroid - izinto esebenzayo kakhulu spectrum yezilwanyana.
• amafutha Complex - sterols, lipoproteins, sulfolipids, aminolipids, glycerol, hydrocarbon.

ukusebenza

kwamafutha Lipid bakhonza njengokuba imifinya cell eziphathekayo. Wazibandakanya ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwimiphetho umzimba. Ngamanqatha omzimba ngokusekelwe kulwakhiwo lipid inceda ukukhusela umzimba emzimbeni. Ngaba umsebenzi yokonga amandla "ubekelwe".

asemzimbeni bebekelwa kwiseli kukho icytoplasm ngohlobo zamathontsana. Ekuyo, yaye indoda ethile, yiba iiseli ezikhethekileyo - adipocytes, ezinako ukukulumkisela siqulathe eninzi ngamanqatha. Ukubeka sokuzuza amafutha adipocytes kubangelwa enqanda lipoid.

imisebenzi eziphilayo

Amafutha ayikho nje umthombo othembekileyo wamandla, buye kwiipropati zokwambathisa, incediswa yi biology. Le lipids ngoko ivumela ukufikelela iimpawu ezininzi ezinoncedo ezifana kobubi zendalo umzimba okanye, icala, usambathisa yayo. Kwimimandla esemantla, zibandakanya amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, zonke izilwanyana namafutha ukuba lifakwa lonke umzimba ngokulinganayo, ngaleyo ndlela umaleko olukhuselayo zendalo ezisebenza umsebenzi wokhuseleko thermal. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo izilwanyana ezinkulu zaselwandle: iminenga, walruses, seals.

Izilwanyana ezihlala kumazwe ashushu, nayo baziqwebele amafutha emzimbeni, kodwa azikho zasasazwa kuwo umzimba, kwaye ubukhulu becala kwiindawo ezithile. Umzekelo, iinkamela amanqatha akuya ngamalunda, izilwanyana entlango - obukhulu, umsila elifutshane. Indalo nokubekwa ngenyameko yaye efanelekileyo kwamafutha kunye namanzi eziphilayo.

Ubume umsebenzi lipids

Zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokusebenza umzimba, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho ethile. Phospholipids asisiseko umaleko yebhayoloji yolo imifinya iseli kunye cholesterol lilawula fluidity ezi ngena kwiseli. Ngaloo ndlela, uninzi iiseli eziphilayo lingqongwe yi inwebu plasma ngomaleko kabini lipids. Ngokoxinzelelo kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzi iseli eqhelekileyo. Ngo enye inwebu microparticle begazi iqulathe ngaphezu kwesigidi neemolekyuli lipid ukuba ilifa iimpawu ezimbini: zombini hydrophobic kunye esibamba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zimpahla ngokufanayo endalo nonequilibrium, ngoko ukusebenza yabo kakhulu ubhalo. Le lipids kwi iseli - yinto ulawulo olusebenzayo zendalo. Umaleko hydrophobic uqobo alawulwa weseli inwebu kwaye ikhusela kwii-ion eziyingozi.

Glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol kwakhona negalelo impermeability iiseli. Izithinteli ngelaphu zifumaneka kwezinye lipids ndizayo, sphingomyelin kwaye sfingoglikolipid. into nganye umsebenzi okhethekileyo.

Lipids kwi yokudla komuntu

Triglycerides - amafutha isimilo cala, na umthombo wamandla. uyadinga ifumile asidi babe nyama kunye neemveliso zobisi. A acid okunamafutha, kodwa unsaturated ezifumaneka amandongomane, ujongilanga kunye namafutha omnquma, imbewu ingqolowa kunye neenkozwana. Ngoko ke, ukuba umzimba engabuzi amanqanaba cholesterol, kucetyiswa norm imihla amafutha ezilwanyana ilinganiselwe ku-10 ekhulwini.

Lipids, kanye carbohydrate

eziphilayo ezininzi zezilwanyana "inqwaba" kwamafutha kwiindawo ezithile, inyama ongama, kwi ezibayeni zempahla eluswini, nakwezinye iindawo. Igcwala of lipids ezityebileyo loo kade, kwaye ke ngoko inkqubo yotshintsho lwabo icarbon dioxide namanzi ivumela ukuba bafumane isixa esikhulu wamandla phantse izihlandlo ezibini ngaphezu anganika iicarbohydrates. Ukongezelela, iimpawu hydrophobic kwamafutha ukuphelisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa wobungakanani enkulu amanzi ukukhuthaza ukuxovwa. Emini isigaba fat kwenzeka amandla "owomileyo." Nangona kunjalo amafutha kwacotha ngokwemiqathango akhuphe amandla, kwaye ezifaneleke ngakumbi izilwanyana kwimo engentle. Lipids kanye carbohydrate ezifana ezihlobeneyo enye kule nkqubo eziphilayo.