Le spreadsheet yenzelwe ntoni? Itafile "Eksele". ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo computing

Ukususela ekukhutshweni imveliso yokuqala Microsoft ngokohlobo isuti ofisi eqinileyo ehlabathini namhlanje enye zixhobo umdla kwaye ezifunekayo spreadsheets. Le spreadsheet efanayo kakhulu ilungiselelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi, hayi kuphela ukwenza imisebenzi elula zezibalo, njengoko abanye abantu abasebenzayo, ezifana Excel. Kusenzima iinjongo ezininzi, umzekelo indalo nentlangano zolwazi. Vuma, ngokuba Access - naye etafileni isicelo. Kodwa ngoku, ngenxa yokuba elula, sicinga ukuba "Excel" spreadsheet, njengoko ezivame kakhulu.

Le spreadsheet yenzelwe ntoni? incazelo jikelele

Njengoko ahlonitshwe imithombo intanethi bathi, a spreadsheet okanye isicelo ofisi evumela ukuba ukudala okanye ukusebenza kuyo, na isicelo software oyilelwe imisebenzi zemathematika kunye nezinye izibalo ngokwesiseko amaqoqo onamacala-ezimbini data.

Iintsingiselo eziphambili ekusetyenzisweni nosebenziso ziyakwazi ukuchongeka kakhulu lukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ezininzi jikelele, singatsho ukuba spreadsheet ilungiselelwe iinjongo ezinjalo:

• yezibalo, aljibra kunye nezinye izibalo;
• isilawuli esizisebenzelayo lweenkqubo azo;
• ukwakhiwa kweengxelo zemali;
• zemathematika kwesakhiwo;
• lwavuka izibalo;
• Iincwadi zeempendulo ukubala, njalo njalo. d.

Kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba cishe zonke zehla ukuba imathematika kunye nezakhi zayo. Kodwa ke uninzi iinkqubo ezisebenza data tabular umdla ngabasebenzisi kwindawo yokuqala ukuze eli matshini le lokubala emalifakwe kubo. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho mfuneko yokuba ixesha ngalinye, bethetha kakhulu, ukuba ezinye ifomula ukufumana isiphumo efunekayo kwiinkqubo efanayo. Ngale ndlela, ukusetyenziswa spreadsheets, yenza izinto lula.

Le tafile kwi "Eksele" okanye nayiphi na inkqubo efanayo: umbutho noshowo

Kuyiqwalasela ngoku siyi isicelo Excel spreadsheet-based ukuba yinxalenye nayiphi na isuti ofisi. Zonke ezinye iinkqubo musa ukuthatha ingqalelo ngenxa yokuba umbutho cishe efanayo.

Ngoko kutheni le theyibhile "Eksele" yi uluhlu onamacala-ezimbini data? Nje ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni like zilungelelanise ezimbini, ukuba siwenza ukusuka kwindawo umbono wombutho we geometry. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili elements: a spreadsheet bemiqolo nemihlathi, ngamnye eboniswe nombolo ezininzi kunye nonobumba (kwezinye iinguqulelo kwi Excel - kuphela amanani).

Ngaloo ndlela kwakheka iseli kunye idilesi ekhethekileyo (umz, uphawu lokuqala A1). Lo mbutho yimfuneko xa usebenzisa ifomula ukuba wangena azikho kwifomu njengesiqhelo, kunye ibonisa amanani iseli kunye nezenzo ezisebenza kubo.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba spreadsheet ilungiselelwe kuphela ukusebenza kunye kwimiboniso emacala-mabini. Kakhulu nje, ungadibanisa wesithathu yokuququzelela ngokohlobo inombolo sheet xa kudalwa cross-amakhonkco, oko kukuthi, ifomula okanye isifundo statistical lubonisa links ezintathu. Oku kuluncedo xa iimeko lokuvalelwa iiseli yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo data.

Ekugqibeleni, sinako ukutsho, naphezu ngowona uluhlu-ntathu emine, njengoko xa ufaka unxibelelwano lisebenziswa ngesinye sheet, enye inkqubo yangaphandle okanye iifayile Umntu iiseli data-wambopha, okanye iinkqubo lwenziwa kubo.

iindidi zedata esebenzayo

Ulwazi wangena kwisisele ngamnye usenokuba ne-umlinganiswa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. konke kuxhomekeke koko hlobo lwesenzo kufuneka kwenziwe oko.

Umzekelo, ukuba iseti eqhelekileyo yemathematika uhlobo amanani, kuba ukubala aljibra zingasetyenziswa Ukongezelela iflowuthi, ipesenti, okanye kwamanani ngokwe nzululwazi. Kanye nje ngokulula, ungasebenzisa umhla kunye nexesha iifomati, maxa wambi kubakho iintlobo luncedo eyimali okanye zemali. Kulo mzekelo, xa i data, zabo format ngokuzenzekelayo similise okwaloo ebezifuneka igalelo.

Ekugqibeleni, kuyo nayiphi inkalo, ungabeka ifomati yombhalo, apho zonke iinkcukacha luboniswa kwifomu, leyo saziswa yezitshixo.

Usebenzisa ifomula elula

Ikhompyutha spreadsheets ekuqaleni kuthathwa onombono zezibalo indlela. Yaye umsebenzisi ngamnye lowo nje ziqala ukusebenza kunye neenkqubo ezinjalo, kufuneka ufunde ukusebenzisa ifomula elula.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, zibekiwe ifomu ethile. Umzekelo, kuyo nayiphi inkalo kukuthi ukufaka kulo i mveliso formula amanani ezahlukeneyo Iiseli nje, sibhalele 2 x 2. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kufuneka ukhankanye enye kwidilesi, apho kwaxoxwa ngasentla. Zicingele ukuba sibe ezimbini apho zifumaneka neseli zilungelelanise A1 kunye B1 (A and B - enezintlu ezi-1 no-2 - imiqolo spreadsheet). Ukufaka ifomula esetyenziswa yi endle ekhethekileyo phantsi Ibar yesixhobo, leyo ekuqaleni ukubonisa kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza kulinganiswa kwaye ubonise nedilesi oyifunayo. Ngenxa yoko, ifomula phindo ibizezamandulo ngu: = A1 * B1, yaye yintoni amanani ziya kufakwa kwi iiseli, nto kubaluleke kangaka. Yiloo nje ifomula ngokwayo nayo emiselweyo kwinkalo ethile, ekufuneka zibe ezahlukeneyo ukusuka emibini yangaphambili (kungenjalo inkqubo kukuphosa nje imposiso).

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba isixa ngokuqwayinga. Ungakwazi ukubhalisa nje Ukongeza (= A1 + B1), kodwa esebenzisa uluhlu lwe data kuzakuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Ngoko ukuba kulula yikhankanye xa iyonke, ngoko nkqu kunye nokusetyenziswa iqela elilodwa.

Umzekelo, ukuba isukela A1 ukuya A10 xa ungena ifomula A11 bathi intsimi Ungasebenzisa olu khetho: = SUM (A1: A10) okanye nje nqakraza iqhosha kwiqela lenjongo ezenzekelayo ngokumisela iseli ethile phantsi wokugqibela uluhlu igalelo.

Kakade ke, kuphela iifomyula ezinjalo ayiphelelanga, kwaye zonke ubalo ukuqonda ngcono ngokwayo xa befundisa.

Ubudlelwane kunye intshumayelo olubonakalayo lwe data

Akukho umdla kangako ukuba bajonge ze eminye imiba enxulumene cross-ekhonjwe ntetho, kunye neenkcukacha. Siqala owesibini.

Ukuba umntu akazi, ngokusekelwe kwi table kuyilwa iingxelo ezingundoqo, ezifana imizobo, ukuvelisa ukulinganisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo okanye ukwenza iingqikelelo-zexesha elifutshane ixesha elide, nangona iigrafu neetshathi yinxalenye encinane kuphela ngalokho iinkqubo ezinjalo.

Cross-iimbekiselo ngokuyinxenye sele ikhankanyiwe. Bona inxaxheba ezibophelelayo zombini data inkqubo evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo (iiseli, amaphepha kunye nezinye izicelo, iifayile, unxibelelwano Internet, njalo njalo. D.). Apha, lo msebenzi engenaso kangako. Ngokuzenzekelayo, abasebenzisi abaninzi nkqu liyayiqonda kakuhle into yokuba i-Excel Kukwanjalo ngokulula ukudala umdlalo nabalulamileyo. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi oku - "Inyoka".

isiphelo

Kuhleli ukongeza ukuba spreadsheet nje zonke ngasentla. Amathuba iinkqubo, yawo yokusebenzisa kukuthi kakhulu ngokubanzi, kodwa ke nilibhale bonke, ngexesha ezininzi ezimfutshane fomu, asizuku sebenza maxa onke inkanuko. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukufunda ukusebenza njani ngee tafile kwaye usebenzise ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, kuya kuba yimfuneko, njengoko bathi, ukufunda amaxwebhu yobugcisa (yinzuzo lolwazi ababengazazi Excel enye amelweyo kwelona nqanaba liphezulu).