Le Indawo lebhere elimhlophe. Apho amabhere?

ibhere elimhlophe okanye elimhlophe nguye kuphela leyo zicacisa kumazwe amaninzi (i-US, Norway, Greenland neRashiya) njenge esanyisayo zaselwandle. Le Okungumahluko Canada, leyo ngoku ngokucalula nokwahlula lebhere elimhlophe ukuya nezilwanyana ezisentlabathini. amabhere eziphezu chain lokutya kwi-Arctic, apho balusa ikakhulu amatywina.

Ngoobani amabhere?

Ngokutsho yakutshanje Ngokutsho izifundo ezininzi, izinyanya zamandulo amabhere ke ibhere omdaka. imvelaphi yazo lisukela emva kwexesha malunga 350 namawaka 6 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokungafaniyo abaza babo emdaka ubomi emhlabeni, amabhere ziqhelana ngokugqibeleleyo ukuze ikwazi kweelwandle Arctic eFar North. Kukho bakuyo ezahlukeneyo amabhere. Kukho 19 iintlobo subpopulations ezahlukeneyo amabhere na. Ngokutsho izifundo Kutshanje, kukho amaqela ezine eziphambili na. Le yokuhlela kuthatha njengesiseko yayo yindawo ekhethekileyo apho amabhere: umkhenkce eziphambukileyo, ice convergent, ice ngamaxesha eziphantse.

ibhere elimhlophe - ke isizalwane abakhulu lebhere brown. amaduna abadala ngokuqhelekileyo nobunzima ukusuka ngeekhilogram 350 ukuya 600. iimazi abadala ezincinane - ngokuqhelekileyo ubunzima babo obuphuma ngeekhilogram 150 ukuya 295. amabhere zithathwa ixesha elide. Endle, bahlala umlinganiselo eyi-15 ukuya kwi-18, nangona zebhayoloji bhalisa ezinye abaneminyaka engama-30. Xa ekuthinjweni, ezinye azeka kade-waphila engu-40 ubudala. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi oku lakhula ekuthinjweni Medved Debbi evela eKhanada, owayehlala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-42.

Baphi na amabhere?

Indawo yalo lebhere elimhlophe - esikuyo yaso yendalo, apho ke kuzingela ukutya kwabo, nande, nokwakha koomiqolomba ngekhephu kokuba ebekhe wazifihla kunye nokukhusela abantwana babo. amabhere afumaneka kulo lonke Arctic. Ngokufuthi bahlala kwiindawo apho abemi itywina engqongwe wafunyanwa. Indawo yalo lebhere elimhlophe iquka yonke circumpolar Arctic.

Ezi ezanyisayo ezinkulu ziye siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba sibenokuphila kulo yamanzi phezu komhlaba. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye amabhere, ibhere elimhlophe yeyona indadi obalaseleyo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ingabonwa kumgama ongaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-160 ukusuka kumhlaba okanye ice. Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwama-40 ekhulwini zonke amabhere bahlala eCanada, ngomhla umkhenkce ecaleni kunxweme iziqithi ezininzi.

Usongo lokutshabalala

amabhere zithathwa iintlobo kakhulu babuthathaka ngokwemiqathango yokutshabalala. ERashiya, izilwanyana ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book, equka izilwanyana ezinqabileyo okanye ezisengozini. Kwi-US, lebhere elimhlophe njenge neentlobo ezisengozini kuluhlu kuluhlu "ezisengozini". Canada ikholelwa ukuba kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo iintlobo kazwelonke ezisengozini. amanyathelo yokhuseleko isilwanyana ethathwe kwinqanaba mthetho.

Izizathu yokukhathazeka yokulahlekelwa ziindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Izazinzulu ukuqikelela ukuba ngenxa yokunyibilika olumandla ice-ezimbini kwezintathu inani yehlabathi amabhere kungaphela kule nkulungwane. Kwakhona Uphando lubonisa ukuba kukho fixable, ukuba kwixa elizayo iya kuthatyathwa ukunciphisa kakhulu egesi. Indawo apho amabhere ukuba abe ukungcola ngenxa yokusetyenziswa woqoqosho Arctic.

amabhere: indawo yokuhlala

Ivelisa aguqulelwe kwimozulu Arctic, apho iqondo lobushushu ebusika zivuze ukuba -45º C. Ezi zilwanyana baye baphawula ezimbini umaleko uboya, nto leyo ebanceda ukuba ubushushu umzimba ukugcina. Ukongeza, kumaxesha ezilungileyo nabo babe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ngamanqatha. izikhwebu compact amancinci kunye nomsila kwakhona ufudumele. Enyanisweni, amabhere neengxaki ezininzi kunye nobushushu ngaphezu kukugodola, ingakumbi xa ibaleka. Hunt kubanceda ingqiqo enkulu ivumba, kunye iinzipho zazo uyakwazi ukugcina imveliso kwi 40-90 kg.

Beka ibhere ezwi kwi kwikhonkco lokutya

Habitat for la marhamncwa ezinoboya na entlango Arctic. White Bear kwi phezulu Arctic kwitsheyini lokutya. Ngoko ke intsalela zendalo kuyafikelelwa ukwenzela ukuthintela yokuhlala yokugcwala kakhulu. Xa nebhere omdala kwimilo, akhiwa koovimba amanqatha umzimba igcinwa phakathi izidlo.

Uvelisa hunt engqongwe lamatywina, amatywina elineentshebe, neminenga ikhamisile. Ezi ezincancisayo ezimhlophe kunye anoboya zezi neendadi yezidlele; waphuma zisebenzisa ngamathupha azo phambi ezifana sibheqwayo apho ngoxa imilenze yangasemva isebenze njenge ngomthi wokujika. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ngengqiqo oluphawulekayo ivumba: ixhoba, ukuba asijoje, kumgama ngekhilomitha enye.

mva

Kuxhomekeka kwimeko umzimba, nemazi ngokuqhelekileyo lokuyivelisa ekukhanyeni amathole amabini okanye amathathu qho kwiminyaka 4-6. Kule meko, i amabhere yenye yomjikelo icotha lokuzala kwindalo, bezise inzala, amaxesha ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ngaphezulu kwe ezintlanu ebomini. Indawo yalo lebhere elimhlophe kwenza kube lula ukuba ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo kokuba inkomo izele. Amathole bazalwa ngoNovemba okanye ngoDisemba emiqolombeni ikhephu, ekuthiwa koomiqolomba kubeleka.

Ekuzalweni, iintsana khangela ngathi amabuzi enkulu emhlophe, apho ukufikelela ubude 30-35 cm kunye nobunzima obungaphezu nje kwesiqingatha ngekhilogram. Imfama, engenamazinyo azigubungela omfutshane, uboya ezithambileyo, baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo unina evela ubushushu bakhe kunye nokutya. Young ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ubisi ophezulu osidingayo unina, umxholo wayo amanqatha malunga ne-31%. amabhere Little ahlale nonina de kweminyaka engama-2.5.

features yokuhlala

Indawo yalo lebhere elimhlophe ungahluka, njengoko izilwanyana ungenza ukufuduka elide emhlabeni kunye namanzi ecaleni kwimida elizwekazi iziqithi. Abanye abantu bachitha elininzi lonyaka kumhlaba. Uninzi iimazi abakhulelweyo bachitha ekwindla nasebusika emhlabeni koomiqolomba zabo kubeleka.

Ubushushu emoyeni kwi-avareji Arctic ifikelela 34 ° C ebusika kunye ehlotyeni 0 ° C. Le ndawo eqhaqhazelisa ebusika na inxalenye kumntla-mpuma eSiberia, apho ubushushu uvikivwa ku -69 ° C. iindawo ozithobayo ngexesha lasehlotyeni ingqalelo emhlabeni kwindawo eSiberia, Alaska kunye eKhanada, apho iqondo lobushushu besukelana + 32 ° C.

Polar uvelisa yokuhlala oluba kwimimandla esemantla ezibandayo, kuye kuboniswe imifanekiso zamabali ezithandwayo kunye neencwadi zabantwana, kunye penguins. Noko ke, bahlala kwiipali ezahlukeneyo. amabhere musa kuhlala Antarctica: oonombombiya bahlala apho kwilizwekazi ice ezigqunywe engqongwe iilwandle, ezibandayo nebhere yokuhlala - nguye Arctic.

Aba ke, ezi zilwanyana emangalisayo - amabhere.