Kumbi Cathedral e Chernigov: kwimbali, iifoto kunye nohlolo

Xa intliziyo umzi, ngomhla shaft Chernigov, ipomakazi lendlu njengekhephu-ezimhlophe. Yena nigcobe uphahla ezintlanu neenqaba shape etsobhileyo. Le lesikhumbuzo eyodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinanye - i yoTshintsho Cathedral Chernigov.

imihla umdla

Kangangethuba elide, ibandla Orthodox yeyona indala phakathi nezakhiwo ezikwanjalo ukususela kumaxesha amakhosi. Kakade ke, ukuba kukho umbuzo labo asinda. Noko ke, uphando lwakutsha nje luye lwabonisa ukuba endala yi iSt Nozipho Cathedral, abasebenzi emva ngo-2010 ogama lowu ukuba yokugqibela yasekwa ngo-1011. Njengokuba ubungqina bazisa imibhalo emininzi kweendonga zayo. Nangona olu guqulelo ayide kuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba unyaka xa yoTshintsho Cathedral Chernihiv yasekwa - 1036 th-.

History of indalo

Ngo-1024 i odumileyo Chernigov Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Hrabry waphumelela yeemfazwe zembujiswano elide waza waqalisa ukwandisa kakhulu ubunini. amazwe wolula ukusuka Sivershchyna ukuya North neAsia. Ngeli xesha kummandla Dneshnego Castle Detintsa okanye njengoko bayityhilelweyo ngoku ekuthiwa, waqala ukwakha enkundleni inkosana enkulu kakhulu leyo. Esi saba isakhiwo engundoqo i yoTshintsho Cathedral e Chernigov, ogama imbali kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo kwimbali Kievan Rus.

Kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuba apha kule mnyaka umsunguli wayo wafa. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, iindonga zetempile, njengoko kuboniswa chroniclers, ababesele leqela ukuphakama kuyimitha ezine.

Endlwaneni sele ebudeni bolawulo Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, i yoTshintsho Cathedral entle kakhulu Chernihiv yaba loo ndawo yonqulo iphambili belizwe. Kulapha abagcina imifanekiso kwemimangaliso abaninzi ezinqabileyo, esele abangcwele.

Emva kokufa Prince Abakhaliphileyo, umseki wayo, ukususela ulwakhiwo yecawa anyothule zonke iinkosi. Bathi athunyelwe ukwakhiwa ibandla St. Novgorod Sofia. Ngoko ke, bagqiba yoTshintsho Cathedral Chernihiv kuphela phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye.

inani

Kuba phantse alithoba eminyaka yaba Cathedral ukuba yosisi yasekuhlaleni. Waye ethathwa njengokuba iziko lobomi zoluntu nezentlalo. Phantsi nakwiingqameko zalo sangcwatywa ezininzi abathetheli kunye inkosi ngokomoya. Apha izinto ezingcwele Prince Mstislav i Yaroslavovych Abakhaliphileyo kunye Svyatoslav kunye noonyana bakhe Oleg kunye Gleb. Ngowe-1246 apha ukholo engcwele uMichael Fedor eyafakwa. Noko ke, ngo-1572-m, ngokomyalelo Ivan labangcangcazelisi, ukuba sele zathuthwa eMoscow.

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba oku kulapho ke wangcwatywa Prince Igor - iqhawe "I Tale of Campaign Igor kaThixo". Ke walawula Chernigov ukusuka th 1198 ukuya kwiminyaka 1201-th. Apha yagqiba hierarchs wenqila wengingqi Lazar Baranavichy kunye Ambrose Dubkevich. Xa xesha Russia yamandulo kwi Cathedral yenye, imifanekiso mhlawumbi, ayeze abaninzi eRashiya - ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, okanye Hodegetria. Noko ke, emva komzuzwana Vladimir Monomakh ethutha yonqulo ukuya ESmolensk.

umbono jikelele

Kumbi Cathedral e Chernigov, nto leyo ibonisa isicwangciso omkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba imigangatho endala Russian - 18,25h27 eemitha - isakhiwo ezintathu-enkulu kunye apses ezintathu nezibonda ezintandathu, amaxesha sakhiwe eziliqela. Ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo kwaye yeshumi elinesithoba, umzekelo, iye ezinde babini overbuilt. Yaye kuphela emva kokuba ukuba yoTshintsho Cathedral Chernihiv wavuka ngohlobo olulo ngoku.

kujikelezo olungaphambili inzima kakhulu wamatye ezintle ezenziwe ngezitena efihliweyo ekufutshane. Izindlu pilasters yokuqala, apho kwi kwenqanaba lokuqala - phantse tyaba, ukanti yesibini - ezimile.

isicwangciso Spatial, nto leyo yoTshintsho Cathedral Chernigov (photo ilibuyisela ekhaya wonke umntu, esiza umzi), wahlukile ngokwenene. Esi sakhiwo okuqala ophethwe nayiphi iitempile yamandulo.

Zombiwe lwabonisa ukuba engile empumalanga ukuya kwisakhiwo engundoqo zongezwa indlwana encinane, ethe yachitheka ukuya namhlanje. Kwaye namhlanje, i yoTshintsho Cathedral e Chernigov, photo bubungqina ezixabisa ngaphandle kwazo.

Engafakwanga inqaba engqukuva kufutshane kwicala elingasentla kwevaranda. Yena ephuma igalari ngezinyuko. Kwaye ukusuka ezantsi ekuqaleni saqhotyoshelwa trehapsidny ibandla encinane, nto leyo balefwaya. Ngaphezu koko, xa 1239 kuloo ndlu yecawa ngexesha ayehlasela AmaTatar lezo wabatshabalalisa, iwile nezingqameko kunye uphahla.

Isisombululo yezakhiwo

Uguquka Cathedral isimbo Chernigov nto leyo ambaxa yesiphaluka cross-udaka itempile yaseByzantium kunye nezinye iimpawu romance yecawa zisiya intle kakhulu. Xa inkqubo yokwakha inkosi wasebenzisa ubugcisa wamatye ezahlukeneyo. Ngelo xesha kunye plinth ukuze zibukeke Old Russian ke izitena iimpawu obhityileyo elinyukayo - ilitye yendalo lalisetyenziswa. Abakhi abaye bafunda-siseko kunye nokwakhiwa zobugcisa, bancome kuqatshelwe ukuba isisombululo eyakhayo le yecawa emangalisayo ecacileyo, phantse ogqibeleleyo.

Umphumo ixesha

Kuba phantse iminyaka eliwaka zembali yale lesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko bamandulo ndenziwa intshabalalo ezininzi ngokutsha. Kwiminyaka xa Chernigov ngo-1239 wathathwa ngumkhosi Khan Mangu, le yecawa ithe ukuphanga epheleleyo. Ngokutsho legend, ivalwe apha, omzimba, i abavikeli yokugqibela isixeko uwe. Defense yakhokelela Chernigov Prince Mstislav. Umfazi wakhe, ukuze ke ukweyela ezandleni yotshaba, atsibe iifestile iinqaba ebomvu isonto.

see Episcopal wasuswa Chernigov kwisixeko Bryansk. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1675 - xa uBhishophu uLazaro Baranovichi - yaqala ukuba kwenziwa umsebenzi wokwakha. Ke baba apse overbuilt.

nokwakhiwa

Emva lenguqulelo ngokucokisekileyo ibandla lwaqhutywa ngo-1791-1798, ngokulandelelana, emva komlilo, xa isakhiwo eso zonakala kanobom. Oko ngeli xesha, esekelwe ezininzi ezindala Russian zalahleka.

Chroniclers wabhala wathi 1783-iimitha e Chernihiv wadlula Potemkin, ngubani na anomdla kakhulu kule yecawa. Ngenxa isicelo sakhe ukulungiswa liye zabelwe imali eyaneleyo. Noko ke, ngelishwa, ngokutsha ngaphezu olimeleyo itempile. It sabangela umonakalo olunga kwazanga basifakele yonke intshabalalo yangaphambili.

Emva koko kwicala ngalinye Cathedral of ezinde ezimbini etsolo zaye zongezwa. Oku ukunika yecawa ukufana elithile ibandla. Ukongeza, bakhonza lelanga.

ingaphakathi

Embindini Cathedral waziva indibanisela umthendeleko okungqongqo verticals kunye horizontals. Ingakumbi Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zezinto zamandulo ezifana esekelwe kunye imikrolo kwi uthango engqungqa kunye column ekuqaleni wabeka. Ngelishwa, asingabo bonke abantu pre-Mongol itempile uhombiso wahlala, yaye yintoni eza kuthi, kusindiswa iziqwenga kwaye abangcono kude. Ingxenye esemqoka ye Imizobo wezasekhaya yatshatyalaliswa ngomlilo ngenkulungwane ye-elinesibhozo.

Famous ngomfanekiso "Equal kwi Abapostile Thecla" isuswe imi--30 le-iiBolsheviks, waza emva koko watshabalalisa oko ngexesha Second World War. Eziseleyo Imizobo ezimbalwa, kodwa yamandulo kakhulu amabala eme phantsi kunzima ukubona inani le esekelwe kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Kubonakala ukuba embindini yecawa-zipeyintwe kwakhona ngo-1820-m, yaye kamva nesiqingatha senkulungwane ezihlaziyiweyo. ngoko wabulawa imizobo yamandulo.

Ngenxa yophando ngaphakathi yecawa amaqhekeza intsalela yesanda sibanjwa, kwenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. ngeso lenyama Original bezibandakanya Iizilebhu of isileyiti, apho umzobo into eqhagamshelweyo mosaic ugcwale. Enye izinto zayo eziphambili zizangqa concentric. Ekuqaleni, lo nesibingelelo ngaphakathi emgangathweni yaye ezenziwe ngezitena kunye iithayile ceramic ngelothe. Noko ke, kwinkulungwane yeshumi ukuba indawo iibhloko isileyiti egudileyo. Of ixabiso ethile imiba yenkcubeko kunye nembali kuba imikrolo isileyiti phezu iikwayara nothango.

Ngaphakathi kwigumbi evuthelweyo indibanisa ngokupheleleyo kunye kwibhanka yangaphakathi Iiveranda Indanda kwi isithuba nkundla. Kuyo ubude bazo ukuba ekuqaleni exhobele ube ngeplanga ikwayara nezi ndawo Southern. Bona ukuphucula icandelo tyaba nohombisoa elingaphakathi. Ezi Iiveranda aba uphawu ngakumbi zakhiwo yaseByzantium kwexesha. Noko ke, ezinqabileyo ngemihla Kievan Rus. Kwaye le yenye yeempawu, nto leyo odumileyo yoTshintsho Cathedral e Chernigov, apho ubuhle impahla yakhe akazange lingayivelisi iicawa vekiwaka odumileyo.

iimpawu

Kukholelwa ukuba abakhi itempile wasiphinda othile inkqubo isishumi Church - ibandla lokuqala ilitye karhulumente Old Russian. Ukongeza, kwacetyiswa ukuba amagcisa owadala Cathedral Chernigov naseKiev Sophia, babengamalungu ifama baseByzantium.

elide Kuye khona isithethe samandulo yetempile hung iindwe abavikeli esi sixeko. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela Ndinibonisile apha kwaye iiflegi Cossack nezibhengezo elinesibhozo Chernigov wamajoni ngexesha imfazwe kunye uNapoleon , yaye elishumi elinanye yale iCrimea War.

zoku-

Xa sacristy nangoku igcina ezininzi izinto zonqulo. Abanye babo eyanikelwa abemi Church kunye nexabiso elikhulu. Phakathi kwabo, umvuzo weVangeli - intwana eyodwa yomsebenzi, nto leyo iye yaphakamisa umfanekiso.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba sibingelelo a sarcophagus tiered yesilivere-gilt zalishumi eekhilogram elinesithandathu. Ngoxa Chernigov ngo-1787 uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wanika ibandla i umnqamlezo wamandulo yamaKatolika esitulweni, kwakunye izambatho ezininzi yamandulo.

Eziphakamileyo zonqulo eziphambili zigcinwa apha de-1917, kwakukho izinto ezingcwele Metropolitan Constantine nePrince Igor Olgovich. Baye bangcwatyelwa ezindongeni zendlu. Ukongeza, kwakhona abagcina izinto ezingcwele St. uTheodosius kunye Uglich - Archbishop of Chernigov, ekumgama evulekileyo a reliquary zesilivere, zalishumi malunga amabini eekhilogram.

Kwakhona igcine kwaye yenye icon ezininzi iziqu kummandla Chernihiv - nguMama kaThixo Ripkinskoy. Kodwa eyona idumileyo uthathwa Protectress. Kumaxesha Kievan Rus le amanqugwala kwi oyiNgcwele yoTshintsho Cathedral Chernigov wazisa intombi uConstantine, ngubani wayetshate Prince Vsevolod. Wazalelwa kule umtshato kunye Vladimir Monomakh ngo-1097 wayeyirhuluneli ESmolensk, apho wakha itempile. Emva kokugqiba ngayo, aluthuthele ngaphandle icon kwi Chernigov. Kwaye ukusukela ngoko ke wabiza ESmolensk. Kuthiwa ngenxa yakhe Batu Khan ngo-1239 ayikwazanga bawuthimbe loo mzi.

indlu namhlanje

Ngalo lonke ixesha sisekho yayo, i yoTshintsho Cathedral e Chernigov, ishedyuli kweenkonzo leyo namhlanje sazi yonke amarhamente, yaba indawo leyo ayeze kuphela amaKristu elula zesiqhelo, kodwa basebukhosini losapho lobukumkani wayelawula Russian uBukhosi, xa isakhiwo sayo isekhona yaba yinxalenye Ukraine. Itempile fanele ku ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko nezembali ezikhuselweyo. Ukufunda imbali kunye yokwakha iimpawu kwayo kube kutshanje. Okwangoku, i-Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral luyasebenza kwaye ikhuselwe ngurhulumente, yinxalenye yale paka zembali ebizwa ngokuba "Chernihiv Ancient".