Kovalo izakhiwo ukuqina isakhelo: injongo, uyilo, nokunyuka no ukufakwa

Xa abantu abaninzi usiva igama elithi "nendlu isakhelo", bona lulwakhiwo ngamaplanga. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izakhiwo ezakhiwa kwiteknoloji isakhelo-monolithic, ezo isiseko le eziphathekayo. Isetyenziswa xa besebenza inkangeleko metal neekoki okanye izakhiwo eziphathekayo. Kazimele alekwe iibhodi zesamente yamasuntswana, neendonga ngokwabo ingenziwa of block okanye izitena. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi zakhiwo zibandakanya imfuno ukuseta emngxunyeni ngqongqo kokwakhiwa eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

ukuqashwa

Phakathi njengemiqulu panels eludongeni nkqo efakwe ukuphakama iphela zezakhelo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo encotsheni kweshelfu inokuba kubakho ufakelo Iizilebhu floor.

Ezi izinto ezinxulumene omnye nomnye kunye nabanye, bar ende nganye, lo gama zibonelela ngqongqo lwendawo yonke isakhiwo. Kufuneka kwizakhiwo kuzo zonke imiyalelo ukuze kuhlangana khona, ebumba isafobe T-ezimilise okanye L-ezimile. kwawo ikhutshwa phandle enezintlu ukuphakama amanqaku abathathu ubuncinane. Oku kusebenzisa i welding of ifaka. Kovalo ukuqina kakhulu amaninzi ezifakwe strip iziseko, kwezinye iimeko, neziseko ke slab monolithic.

design

Kovalo, ezisetyenziswa ukwandisa ngqongqo unokuba uhlobo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, phakathi kwazo zezi:

• dvuhpolochnye;
• Single-;
• eqinileyo;
• kunye yezindlu;
• ingxenye;
• enomoya channels.

Kwimeko yokugqibela sithetha uvalo, ezo iiyunithi umoya. Panel ezi diaphragms ezenziwe kwibanga eziphathekayo M-300, oko kuthetha ukuba imigangatho esezantsi yesakhiwo, kanti ke eyona yakutshanje isisombululo esebenzayo kwibakala M-200.

Uvalo ukuqina zingenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo enyakeni. Ukuba umsebenzi wenziwa phandle ehlotyeni, ukuba amandla ka eziphathekayo iya kuba yi-70% le projekthi, ngoxa ngexesha lasebusika, eli nani kufuneka kufika kwi-100%. Nokuqiniswa for panels njengekonkile olwalusele ezenziwe amanqwanqwa aphezulu nolusezantsi, kwaye iyunithi nokuqinisa leyo lizandisile ubukhulu. Ukuba isakhelo ayidluli ukuphakama-3 m, kwaye uyilo beso akukho iingcango kunye nezinye iindawo, ebuhlanti kube lula.

Yintoni enye ekufuneka uyazi malunga iimpawu zoyilo

Uvalo ukuqina ungase wakhiwe amathuba kugunyaziso yomjikelezo. Kufuneka uthathe xi ingqalelo ezikoneni. Umsebenzi ophambili kule ngqokelela uthetha iipali ukuqina. Kubalulekile ukwenza izibalo wew kwaye ujonge ukuba iimpawu namandla ngokwaneleyo. Uhlalutyo kufuneka phantsi ukuba baqhubele phambili kunye neenzame kwezoyilo ababambeleyo. Enoba uyilo uvalo akukho ngqongqo, zenzelwe ukuba ucinezelo engundoqo kunye nemikhosi shear kwemithamo nkqo kunye nkqo. Ukuba kukho imingxunyana, iziqalelo mazitshekishwe ukuba iziphumo emanyeneyo ntshikilelo nakumphezulu eludongeni.

Iimpawu obandayo diaphragms eqinisa

Monolithic uvalo ukuqina kufuneka ibe phakathi kweminwe phakathi iintsika kunye uqhagamshelwano lwabo omnye komnye esebenzisa izikhonkwane monolithic, oko imvelaphi inyuselwa khona phezu uvalo. Igosa elingumvi oyintloko yandisa phezu ukuphakama yonke esi sakhiwo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kunokwenzeka ukuba izinto ayifakwanga kwinqanaba zobugcisa.

Umgangatho komhlaba kufuneka zisekelwe kwisiseko isihlenga isiseko ngoncedo iinxalenye engoma. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe uzinzo kwesakhiwo, uvalo ekhwele kumacala omabini. Eme kufuneka abekwe ngokulinganayo phezu sicwangciso, baya kuhlanganiswa kunye neendibano zokubiya ikheshi. Kovalo izakhiwo isakhelo ukuqina kufuneka ifakwe kwi isixa amaqondo obushushu ubuncinane ezithathu block mnye. Geometry namazembe ezi zinto akufuneki ukuwela, iziko womxhuzulane zimelwe ukuba zingqamane kumbindi nondiliseko esqwini yokwakha.

Ukuze kwandiswe ngqongqo lwendawo isakhiwo, leyo liye landa inani imigangatho, kubalulekile ukubonelela amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa zokungahambisani yokusebenza isakhelo uvalo. Oku kuyakuphunyezwa kwisixhobo uqhagamshelo isitshixo phakathi kwikholam kunye uvalo.

Izincomo ukufakwa

Ukuze ube eludongeni kakhulu namandla, uvalo ukuqina kufuneka ibe khona kwi sakhiwo. Ukuba sithetha uthotho AI-04, ezimbombeni aphezulu iimveliso ezinjalo kufuneka zalungisa, nto leyo kuza kubekwa nezintlu console. Ukongeza, xa ingafikanga uvalo, kukho imiba kwizinti ngentsimbi. Ukulungisa uvalo esebenzisa olu ngcelele yavalwa yesiphaluka kwisakhelo esenziwe kwizinti ngentsimbi, i ubukhulu akwazi ziyahluka ukusuka mm-12 ukuya kuma-28. Imivalo basoloko nge welding, usisiqinisekiso amandla olongezelelweyo zesakhiwo.

Series uvalo ukuqina kusenokubonakala ngathi 1.020-1, kulo mzekelo, iseli ayikho engile kungangabikho. ezakhiwe ezinjalo luqiniswe zizakhelo ezikhethekileyo nkqo kunye nesakhiwo fixed womjikelezo umnatha sentsimbi, iintonga zawo ubukhulu ziyahluka ukusuka-5 ukuya kwi-12 mm, ngoxa iiseli kuba ubukhulu 200 mm. Kovalo komdyarho ibhalwe ngaxeshanye kwasiso, uze endaweni iziqalelo zokwakha data.

isiphelo

Abo uvalo, usebenziso, okanye enxuseneyo kwezixhaso, ukungabikho consoles ezongezelelweyo. kukho iindawo apho izakhelo zezakhiwo nombhobho kwiikholamu ebusweni nkqo ye-AI-04. Ukuba usebenzisa uthotho uvalo 1.020-, kufuneka ulungiselele kuba ufaka.

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba uvalo kuthiwa eziba ngqongqo, yaye bamele omnye izinto eziphambili izakhiwo nayiphi na injongo. Njengenxalenye yale msebenzi wenza nkolelo imithwalo tyaba kuhlobo lwe-seismic kunye nomoya abasebenza kwisakhiwo.