Konwele, eSiberia: iifoto, inkcazo iintlobo, yokutyala kunye nokhathalelo

inzululwazi wejunipha Siberian waziwa kwigama lesiLatini Juniperus sibirica. Nangona kunjalo, unanamhla igama kakhulu impikiswano. Abanye bakhetha ukuba athi ukuba kukho kuphela uqi konwele eqhelekileyo. ESiberia (iifoto ezo enikwe kweli nqaku) - oko iintlobo kangangokuba ekhula eSiberia, kodwa umahluko abavumelekanga ngaphandle ezindawo.

ulwazi jikelele

Igama uhlobo 'konwele eSiberia "ngenxa awohluke imila. Kule sityalo, njengezinye yejunipa, ukuba bayinzala nemisipres, yaye intsapho onelungelo.

Inkcazelo wejunipha eSiberia Kubonakala ngathi - yinto ityholwana apho uqweqwe, endlala ephantsi. Xa ukuphakama kwayo kunqabile ufikelela imitha, ngakumbi rhoqo - hayi ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha semitha. Ukhula becala kwiintaba aseSiberia kunye East Far. Kwinxalenye yaseYurophu Russia Siberian wejunipha ifumaneka kwiindawo Arctic.

Konwele eziqhelekileyo eSiberia

Nangona ezinye izazinzulu zithi ukuba YaseSiberia - ndikuxelela konwele eqhelekileyo, kukho zesayensi ubambe isikhundla. Bakholelwa ukuba i-Russian Arctic, Siberian wom (ifoto kunye nenkcazelo isityalo ukuvumela ukuba bathethe malunga phambi iimpawu uphawu ohlobo) ithatha indawo wejunipha eqhelekileyo, njengoko band yesibini kwi Arctic endle lungenzeki.

Ukuba imiqathango inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya kwimimandla esemazantsi nokulinywa wejunipha eSiberia kukho ingxaki efuna ingqalelo, njengoko imfuno ukudala iimeko kangangoko izityalo kwiindawo ezisemantla weentaba alonwabele ekhula kwiindawo ezinkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kwenziwa kwiindawo ayegqunyelelwe onamatye ezintabeni. Bona kukhula placers kunye neendawo hardwood ezinqabileyo, iintshinyela omsedare.

Ezichongiweyo ukubonakala

Zonke iintlobo ngeentlobo wejunipha eSiberia sifane imbonakalo - Conifers, ukuphakama elingadlulanga imitha. Amaphetshana zifana neenaliti kukhula ngabathathu, njengoko batshovo zebhayoloji, whorled. Amahlumelo ekuqaleni ugqunywe ziyabuyiseleka uqweqwe ukukhanya omdaka. Isityalo esezansi entwasahlobo, kodwa neziqhamo ezivuthiweyo nga ulinde kuphela ngonyaka-ezimbini (okanye ngaphezulu) ityholo. baya kuvuma kufutshane ekuweni.

Eziphila konwele Siberian kuchazwa isityalo dioecious. Chaza inkunzi isityalo nemazi yindlela elula amaqhuma. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuba amatyholo ezincinane, tyheli nenkazana ngezantsi kufuneka kukubola ngaphaya kwawo, yaye abathathu, zincediswa Umselu.

Xa kwenzeka kwezichumiso, kukubola top ukwandisa hlanganisa, akuguquki umaleko meaty. Ekubeni kukho shishkoyagody Ukwakheka. Ekuqaleni isiqhamo wejunipha Siberian abe ithinti eluhlaza, kodwa umbala yahluka kunye nokwanda kunye shishkoyagody lujika lube mnyama, ligqunywe wax oluhlaza. Ityholo zikhula ukuya kwiminyaka-600, yaye sinika isivuno enkulu emva kwesithuba seminyaka emi- 3-5.

iimpawu yokuhlela

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo wejunipha e libhalwe 1968 ngu Eric Hulten phezu izihluma Alaska. Kwakhona wabancina izityalo zikhula kwi kufutshane kummandla Alaska. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana iifoto wejunipha yaseSiberia. Nangona kunjalo, lo nzulu wayeqinisekile ukuba Alaska, ena kunye Magadan kufuphi ikhula uhlobo olunye kuphela zezityalo - Juniperus communis ohlobo ezincinanana.

Kodwa ngo-1960 eSoviet Union yapapashwa omnye umsebenzi wombhali yezityalo A. Tolmachev. Ngokwembono yakhe, eMpuma Ekude, eSiberia, intsimi yaseAlaska yasentshona - indawo yokukhula wejunipha laseSiberia. Hulten lo gama idweliswe ngendlela efanayo nelithi elithi "yejunipha eqhelekileyo."

Phi na indlela yokutyala

On ezi zindawo yejunipha kwenzeka edyokhweni. Ngokukodwa, oko ngokubanzi akukho Chukotka okanye Wrangel Island, kodwa eKamchatka kunye Magadan kufuphi isityalo kunokubonwa kwezinye iindawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo it yakha iintshinyela ngenyakanyaka imithana, ezifikelela amatye kuphela, kodwa wayifulela emathambekeni zegrabile, amahlathi avuthulukayo. Konwele afumaneka kwiindawo ngaphandle emahlathini - ibhanti subalpine.

Oovulindlela yale zezityalo banikela ingqalelo encinane kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-ngo1856, oko kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinqabileyo ohotku wejunipha kunye ikhula kuphela phakathi kwemithi ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo, amaqunube kunye akukho namnye labantu yobulali ukuyisebenzisa. Ngowe-1948, sibonile ukuba eKamchatka konwele kwakhona alisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, nangona yobuninzi namatyholo kule ndawo. Ngowe-1862, A. Agents lubonise ukuba wejunipha amaqunube nga kuphekwa a kvass emangalisayo, kodwa Kolyma balapha musa ukusebenzisa kubo ekulungiseleleni iziselo okanye ngenye indlela. Ngelo xesha linye kuqatshelwe ukuba wejunipha kulo mmandla ukhula kakhulu.

Konwele: Ubutyebi bendalo

izazinzulu Modern siyazi ngokuqinisekileyo: berry yalo esimnandi, ityholo ezintle esisityebi luncedo ezahlukeneyo ukulungiselela amacandelo oluntu. Kungenxa yoko le nto umbuzo lokutyala wejunipha eSiberia nomdla nje kuphela Botanic Gardens yabasebenzi, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo abafuna ukuba esandleni ahombise nasemyezweni apho bekukho ngumthombo isiqhamo esihle.

Berry yejunipha siqulathe iswekile eninzi. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba umxholo wayo ngaphezu ubukhulu becala iziqhamo. On esi sityalo parameter enokuthelekiseka bephethe iidiliya. Noko ke, ukuze ndikhuphe iswekile evela cone, kwakunye namanye iziqhamo, wahlakulela emiyezweni, akunakwenzeka, kodwa unako ukulungiselela iziselo kunye neemveliso confectionery - nembeleko, marmalade. Yenza ibhiya wejunipha kwaye ezona (ngokwe ezininzi) ivodka ehlabathini - igin IsiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, lo incasa kunye nevumba wejunipha iziqhamo ngandlel abayinqobo kuye, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo iinjongo confectionery.

Zisebenza ku umkhuba

Kwamathandabuzo ukuba nkathalo wejunipha eSiberia ubalulekile? Ngoko zama ukupheka kanye ukusela kule iresiphi ilandelayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kunandipha ukuze kuya kuba inkuthazo ngakumbi ityholo kwifama yakhe, yaye maxa wambi ngaphezu kwesinye:

• Qokelela shishkoyagody, ocoliweyo kubo, ukulondoloza ingqibelelo ka rimbewu. Qaphela: imbewu abuhlungu, ukusilela kwabo kuya kukhokelela ngokonakala incasa.
• Per kilogram shishkoyagody - neelitha ezintathu zamanzi ashushu.
• Lo mxube ezanyazanyiswa imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu, ngoko buthi incindi, susa yintlama.
• Faka kwiskhongozeli amaqunube ezintsha kanye okanye kabini.
• isiraphu ukuzithengela ubunjwe iswekile phantse ngekota. Ukuba apha uncamathisele iteknoloji ephakamileyo komphunga excess nokunyuka ubushushu fluid, kanti isiqulatho iswekile unako ukufikelela-60%.
• Ilulwelo ndinobushushu hayi ngaphezulu kwe-70 degrees ukusuka bath zomphunga.

Iswekile eveliswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo kuthi enencasa itsalwa beet, malunga nesiqingatha. Isiraphu ilungele zeziselo, izitya inyama, ukuba ukwazi ukudambisa iti, ikofu, isetyenziswe ekulungisweni seZonka, ijeli.

Kodwa?

Ukusuka kwimbali eyaziwa imizekelo ukusetyenziswa wejunipha zasendle wemveliso iswekile. Advantageously ezinjalo amalinge ubeke amaJamani, British ne Dutch.

Ngowe-1980 wapapasha incwadi ibhalwe Koshcheeva. Kwakhona thaca eninzi iresiphi umdla usebenzisa isiqhamo wejunipha. Ngokomzekelo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba alungiselele utywala:

• Ukuthatha njengesiseko isonka eqhelekileyo, kodwa de iiyure ezintlanu ukulungele ukongeza amandla namatyholo iziqhamo.
• Kuba litre nganye angekho ngaphezulu kwe-20 shishkoyagody.

Ungenza Utywala wejunipha. Olinganise kulandelayo: iilitha ezimbini ulwelo eyimfuneko 200 g namaqunube, 25 g Igwele kunye amacephe amabini yobusi.

• amaqunube Okokuqala abilayo kangangesiqingatha seyure, ngoko ukuba ukupholisa kulwelo ukuthatha isiqhamo lulo.
• Xuba igwele, ubusi kunye umhluzi, ekhohlo ukuze ijike.
• Iintsuba tywala uyasuswa, xa igwele avuke.
• Emva koko, ayinike phisa ezintlanu iintsuku kwindawo epholileyo, apho lakufumana imitha yelanga.

Konwele and Medicine

Bekuya kuba Akumangalisi ukuba esi sityalo simangalisayo ayifumanekanga ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengeyeza intsomi. Isibakala sokuba oko kusetyenziswa amayeza, ngokutsho eyayimela eYiputa yamandulo. Ngemihla yakudala of eyenziwe yentlaka, balms, ephilisa-oyile.

Konwele wawubaluleke amayeza e Rome yamandulo, apho esetyenziswa yi uDioscorides. Ngo-Italy kule nkulungwane XVI kwezonyango, le ityholwana wasebenzisa Mattioli, owathi ukuba mhlawumbi yasebukhosini, amayeza best umchamo. Izigulane abaphethwe sifo, kucetyiswa ukuba geza kunye konwele.

Iimpawu kulinywe ekhaya

Ukutyala spring wejunipha eSiberia ayingomsebenzi nzima kakhulu. Isityalo kakhulu nabalulamileyo, uyasinda phantse nawuphi na umhlaba, kuquka ubukho intlenga kwi zeendawana enamatye.

It ingatyalwa kwimimandla afanayo. Noko ke, ngokuba bonke ityholwana yayo ukunyamezela bukhula kancinci. Kodwa umphumo ubalulekile - isityalo esihle, zokuhombisa, kakhulu, ekubeni iinaliti lineentsingiselo ezimbini. kusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo kweegadi amatye, amaqela ephantsi-likhula.

Berry ukukha kucingwa eziyingxaki, umsebenzi ekusekweni kwemisebenzi. Begadi baye le ndlela zilandelayo: a inyama iplanga izityalo inyikime amasebe, leyo iimpukane kunye amaqunube ezivuthiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi intswelo yabo ukuba zome. Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise eli gumbi zoomatshini umoya. Akukho mfuneko ukuba yome ukukhanya shishkoyagody.

Zikhiwa amasebe ekwindla, iinaliti pine. Unga kuvuna kuvuthwa, entwasahlobo, belinde ukugqitywa kwethuba lokukhula esebenzayo.

zikhwelwe wejunipha

konwele Siberian kungenziwa ezityalwe imbewu. iintlobo Ornamental nabo alahlwa izithole. Ihlume imbewu kuphela ivuthiwe. Ukumisela ukuvuthwa kuba bubukho ukutyabeka oluhlaza, anencindi. Imbewu emhlabeni antywiliselwa alithe gangqa iisentimitha ezintathu.

Care wejunipha zintsonkotha ngokubanzi ayikho. izityalo Young Awukwazi ukususa kunye nokuhlakula, njengoko kulula ukuba umonakalo iingcambu. Ebusika, kumphezulu wazo ligutyungelwe neenaliti. It manzi voles, leyo wejunipha iingcambu - izimuncumuncu ngokwenene.

isityalo abadala ukumelana kwelanga, umonakalo. Bush kwakhona Akumangalisi ngokukhawuleza.

ukutyala ngokuchanekileyo

Wejunipha yezityalo kucetyiswa entwasahlobo, kodwa le meko - ayisosinyanzelo. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ulinde imozulu efudumeleyo, njengoko ityholwana iyamelana kubanda. Kodwa xa utyala izityalo ulutsha ekwindla kusenokwenzeka ukuba ebusika akanaxesha ukufumana ngumkhenkce aqhele etyholweni.

Indlela elula ukuba ndityale konwele, ikhule kwisingxobo. Xa kuhlwayelwe kuzo kwinkqubo izityalo iingcambu awehlelwa, ngoko obo kwindawo entsha kuthatha ixesha elincinane. Ngoko ke, ukususela kwisikhongozeli kunye ityholo ingatyalwa entwasahlobo awe, ngaphandle koloyiko yovalo ebusika.

Kuyanconywa ukuyenza kwindawo enelanga. Noko ke, umthunzi ukukhanya wejunipha kuzisa. kwinqanaba Ukukhanya igqiba indlela entle na isityalo. Ilanga bukhulu, isityalo uba fluffier, ngakumbi. Kakhulu umahluko obonakalayo xa ukukhula kwiintlobo ukuba babe iinaliti imibala ezimbini.

Izindululo ukunakekelwa

konwele Siberian ikhula kakuhle ukuba umhlaba obrak. Ngokutyala ngetyholo, angabekwa kwicala ezantsi emhadini islaked ikalika dolomite umgubo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo yamanzi, ekubeni amanzi amileyo ubulala izityalo ngoko nangoko. Ingakumbi ukuxhobisa ngenyameko amanzi, ukuba mmandla ebonakala ngamazinga ephakamileyo komhlaba.

Abohlukeneyo zikhula ngaphandle ematyholweni kwenziwa ebusika. Bathe bagqobhozela, eshiya kwi ingcambu ye lesiqa enkulu komhlaba zibambene. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ugcine iingcambu sizolile.

Kuba izityalo abatsha umngxuma dimensions elungisiweyo semitha, ngokunzulu - sisiqingatha semitha. Noko ke, kukho pre-imeko: emgongxweni kufuneka ibe amaxesha 3 ngaphezulu asibeke kwakhe ezweni isiqaqa. Ukuba inkqubo ingcambu wejunipha eselula kakhulu, yaye emva koko umngxuma ukwenza ngakumbi.

Ukumba ehlathini, nindishiye ndedwa ingcambu entanyeni. In isithombo emhadini ibekwe kakuhle emqaleni engakhankanywanga ngomhlaba. Galela umhlaba kwi ingcambu, lo gama i intamo ayikho kwinqanaba elisezantsi.

Konwele ubunamanzi kuqala xa utyala yedwa. Ngokucokisekileyo bathele ibhola ingcambu nyebelele phantsi komhlaba. Kufuphi emhlabeni buti kufuma ukuthintela ukufuma igcinwe ixesha elide. Sebenzisa amaxolo sapling, umgquba inkunkuma, kwimbuphu yesarha, pine.