Komuntu - na lo mbono? Yintoni na le migaqo exabisekileyo?

abantu abanalo nofifi kuluntu pre-longxowankulu into entsha exabisekileyo. Yaba enye loo mazwi ukuba umlomo ukuhluza iindaba kunye nonqulo, bonke abantu zangeniswa kule nkqubo, kwaye ubone ezinye umntu awuze kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Baveze iingcamango zabo ngamnye abantu bangakwazi kuphela kokufika Renaissance, xa yaba liziko abantu umhlaba. Ke abantu baqaphela ukuba entsha exabisekileyo - yeyona ndlela lokuzimela ukuphucula, ubuchule ikhona ngokuzimeleyo, ngokuvumelana ngokupheleleyo ngokunokwayo. Namhlanje le sikhundla yentanda ngaphezu kuxhaphakile kweli hlabathi, ngokuba isifundo yayo siqala ngoku.

ntoni eli gama lithetha ntoni?

Ngengqiqo "owomileyo" exabisekileyo - yinto uhlobo bulumko, nto leyo egxininisa inkululeko ngamnye evela kuluntu ukusuka kwinkqubo, nto leyo yenza kube lula ukuzisa Ubonakalisa umdla zobuqu kunye ukuze bazibandakanye ngqo ukuphunyezwa zabo, kunokuba iminqweno yoluntu. Ukwenza kucace ukuba limela, khangela iimpawu eziphambili exabisekileyo:

• Nokubaluleka kweenjongo zobuqu kunye neminqweno. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abo zichasene uluntu okanye iqela. Ke le ndoda individualist kukuhlala kuqala iimfuno zabo.
• Ukuzimela kwi izenzo kunye nezenzo. Nokuba umntu lowo uyinxenye ngokubambiseneyo (iqela kwiyunivesithi kwabasebenzi, njl), ukuze enze kakuhle ngokwayo, ngokusekelwe iinkolelo zabo, yaye ngaloo ndlela amathuba ukuba imisebenzi yayo iza kuba yimpumelelo liphezulu kakhulu.

Yintoni egcina eli hlabathi?

Ngoku ingqalelo yokuba limela-siseko engundoqo entsha exabisekileyo, ngaphandle apho ayizukubakho eli khondo-bulumko. Ngenxa yoko, komuntu isekelwe kwinto yokuba umntu ngamnye, yaye eneneni - kufuneka ukuphila phantsi kweenyani ngokupheleleyo kunye neminqweno yabo - ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Wonke nyathelo kufuneka kusekelwe phezu iphupha lakhe, iimfuno, neenkanuko njalo njalo. Oku kusebenza kuzo zombini lokuphola kunye nomsebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, le individualist uya kusoloko khetha umsebenzi oza kuzisa umkholise kuphela nenzuzo, kodwa akubona, kuya kuba yinzuzo enkulu aze abuyele ukuchitha ixesha ezamahala, zonke iinzame zakhe ziya kuba umlinganiswa ngandlel lokuzingca. Noko ke, kukho enye ulawulo ebaluleke kakhulu - konke oku kuthintela ukubonakaliswa exabisekileyo phakathi kwabanye, inani labantu abo.

Melana kunye nezithixo

Kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu kwasekwa amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo exabisekileyo, ezithe zazivelela futhi inkqubela, Noko ke, sasinda. Sinokuthi xa kuthelekiswa uluntu kwenkulungwane ye-19, ngoku le nkqubo kakhulu inqubo yande ukusuka kwindawo zentlalo umbono - abantu inkululeko namalungelo enkulu. Ngenxa yoko uluntu lwethu luye ngoko kutheni sele ufikelele kweli nqanaba lophuhliso? Akwanelanga ukuba ukujonga ngokubujongela kude uzobe ingqalelo yamanyange. Mandulo yaba wasentsomini Achilles maverick-Iliad. Nangona yokuba ilwile isilwela ukufumana ulawulo, wenza bonke umgwebo wakhe waza wenza njengoko ebona kufanelekile. Xa ixesha of the Ages Aphakathi wabiza bavukeli kunye individualists bakholwa ingozi iphambili kuluntu - kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula uJoan of Arc. Ekubeni Renaissance, sibona ukuba entsha exabisekileyo - ikakhulu uncwadi. Daniel Defoe, Dzhek London, Dostoevsky, yonke iimbongi wesilivere Age , kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ixabiso iphambili kubomi bantu ngentla ekhankanywe wafumana ithuba lokwenza izigqibo yaye wenze ezahlukeneyo ubomi bakho ukusuka kwenye.

Le nokhuphiswano lwenkcubeko

A indima ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwayo idlala inkcubeko entsha exabisekileyo, leyo, enyanisweni, lixhasa eli nembono osinde. Ngenxa yokuba kangangeenkulungwane uluntu lwethu luya njengomhlambi, nomalusi omnye ilawulwe, oko luyaphucuka.

Oku kubonakala kubomi bemihla ngemihla (kukuphuculwa kweemeko wokuphila fyabo kwi ubugcisa), kwaye isithethe (umzekelo, umntu namhlanje abayi kuvuswa ukuba bahleke kuba akukho kubhiyozelwa ngomhla kulingane, okanye ucango ayikho ityatyekwe tar, ukuba umqhathile umfazi wakhe). Uphuhliso inkcubeko entsha exabisekileyo kwenza kube lula ukuba 'ukwaphula "amagcisa ezininzi nababhali. uluntu lwethu kwanenkcubeko ekuqaleni ukuya kuvela esuka abantu epheleleyo-nye, ngubani na ongayifumanayo kwizibhambathiso ezithile kunye namanye, eshiya imigaqo zabo.

Xa kuthelekiswa elithi malungana

Kuba koko, zama ukuthelekisa collectivism kunye entsha exabisekileyo, kwaye ukuba sijonge ukuba kutheni abanye abantu badla nelinye - enye. Collectivism - kukuthanda yomntu ukusebenza kwaye bacinge eluntwini enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, abantu zixhomekeke enye kwenye, okanye ukusuka yintloko qela. Iqela lokuqala, apho umntu - yinto usapho. Ukuba yinto enkulu (a lot of abantwana, okanye oomawokhulu, oodadobawo, omalume), umntwana ekhula up the inqubo nemibutho. Kwixesha elizayo, kubalulekile izimvo zabanye kwakhe, yena usuka ukufumana umsebenzi kwinkampani ephethe intonga enkulu, ekhangela ukuba nabahlobo abaninzi. Ukuba umntwana omnye entsatsheni, oko ekuphuhliseni inqubo kuzimele, leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla.

komuntu methodological

Eli gama kuthiwa indawo theoretical component. Kuthathwa ukuba uvavanyo ngokwaneleyo lwezenhlalo ebonakalayo necacileyo okanye into, kufuneka isicelo ngamnye, oko kukuthi le ndoda. Apha esinayo engqondweni into yomntu, kunye nokungazinzi ebhokisini. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba kwinkulungwane edluleyo, amabanjwa zooMhle bezilawula ubulungisa ngenxa yemithetho ebhaliweyo, ngamanye amaxesha ubundlobongela kakhulu, ngaphandle ilungelo ukuxolela, kodwa namhlanje lonke ulwaphulo lubonwa prisms ezahlukeneyo, xa bengafumani kwizibhambathiso onengqondo kunye ukuze kuncedakale abantu. Umgaqo exabisekileyo methodological kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba isibheno akukho bani "sizathu elingcono" (Akukhathaliseki, ngumntu ophilayo bacelayo amacebiso, okanye isithixo) enokwenziwa ukuba ngummi elula yehlabathi, kwakunye njengommeli urhulumente. Ngamnye kubo kufuneka bafune isicombululo eyona ndlela nawuphi na umba alwaba nazo zonke iimeko.