Kazan Cathedral, eSt Petersburg: imbali, inkcazelo, imifanekiso

Enye izakhiwo zonqulo likhulu ikomkhulu yomntla - Cathedral onobungangamsha Kazan. Kwizibonelelo embindini omabini amaphiko ukwanda - Iveranda. Ngaphandle yecawa leyo ezihonjiswe BAS-imikrolo, yenziwe lekalika elityheli. Ukwakhiwa yenza bayilibale. umhombiso yangaphakathi nangaphandle yetempile uyankwantya: 56 ntsika yeyokukhulisa, ezenziwe lenyengane Finnish pink ezihonjiswe neengqukuva gilt laseKorinte, ukuvelisa ingqiqo isithuba kunye nobuhle.

Cathedral Isakhiwo senkonzo

Icon Kazan uMama kaThixo kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo, kukho amazwi le Romanov ubukhosi. kuqala Kuye kwaziswa kuwo umzi Peter I. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVII eSt Petersburg yakhiwa Church of ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary (umbhali le projekthi - M. Zemtsov, umakhi odumileyo Russian). Kwakuba phezu kanye ndawo apho yecawa zobungangamela ikhoyo namhlanje. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, icawa kunye izakhiwo ezikufutshane zaye wabuya wazivusa, eshiya indawo enkulu kumbindi wesixeko.

Ukudala iprojekthi

khuphiswano lwezobugcisa zocwangciso ibandla elitsha wabhengezwa. Wawuqala iminyaka emithathu (1797-1800 gg.). Phambi kokuba nxaxheba kwakuyinto mngeni. UPawulos ndabawela itempile omtsha safana Cathedral yayingeyiyo eSt kaPetros, eRome, umsebenzi omkhulu UMichelangelo Buonarroti, kunye nezinye bezakhiwo le Renaissance. Cathedral nakanjani ukuba bahombise kwivaranda, malunga iyafana okanye ezikufutshane Cathedral of St. uPetros womzobi Giovanni kukuyo. Kwakubalulekile ukuba ubhale isakhiwo omkhulu esitsha kwisithuba bokwakha sele zinokuhonjiswa.

Ukungqinelana izinqumo zesibingelelo yobu ibandla kufuneka akhangele ngasempuma, yaye olungaphambili engundoqo - kuse entshonalanga, okt Meschanskuyu (ngoku Kazan) esitratweni.

Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni kolu khuphiswano nayo nabayili enkulu inxaxheba - P. Gonzaga, A. N. Voronihin, uCameron. Ngowe-1800, ukwenzela ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano bafika kwikomkhulu F. Thomon.

Ekuqaleni noPawulos yamkele projekthi ka Charles Cameron. Noko ke, ngenxa inkxaso Count A. S. Stroganova, ngubani onoxanduva wokwakha A. N. Voronihina yamkelwa ngoNovemba 1800. Le Isisombululo ngokubanzi kwaye ixesha elide kuxoxwa ngazo eluntwini. Ingakumbi mpikiswano eshushu yabangela Voronikhin imvelaphi obeyindoda owayesakuba Stroganoff serf. Freestyle, wafumana ngo 1786.

indlu engcwele

Kazan Cathedral yeyona zamahenyu engundoqo - i icon ngokungummangaliso nguMama kaThixo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII, ngexesha umzabalazo kunye abahlaseli Swedish kwaye Polish, i icon njalo luhambisana umkhosi wamajoni ka Prince nguDmitry Pozharsky. Emva koko Wagcinwa Moscow Terem Kazan Cathedral.

Peter I ngowe-1710 wayalela ukuba kuziswe eSt Petersburg zakudala uphindaphindo yomfanekiso ngokungummangaliso.

Xa Voronikhin wakha Cathedral le Kazan Icon, ukwenza ukuthanda * uKhesare noPawulos, wasebenzisa umatshini we-kuphela injongo kwivaranda omise ecetywayo, ibekwe phambi ngetempile. Ezinye womzobi Russian idale isakhiwo ezimeleyo, leyo ngokugqibeleleyo engekabili ithiwa kulwakhiwo Nevsky Prospekt.

95 imiqolo emikhulu kwahlula indawo encinci. Ilungelo kunye ekhohlo iphela Iveranda nezinyuko ezinkulu. Esi sakhiwo injongo ethile - babugubungela umzimba omkhulu yebandla.

Ngokupheleleyo zange iphunyezwe iprojekthi yokwakha. Xa nasekugqityweni kwayo ukwakha Kazan Cathedral, umakhi bacela ukuba kwakhiwe ezongezelelweyo kwivaranda Voronikhin, leyo yayimi phezu kwicala elingasezantsi sakhiwo. Kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuphinda umlingani wasentla. Noko ke, isiphakamiso sakhe sakhatywa.

inkcazelo itempile

Ezitalatweni icala Kazan, kwagqitywa ukwenza ekungeneni engundoqo eya Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg ndafumana isakhiwo eyodwa ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo uyazingca St. Petersburg, kunye nomdla iindwendwe ezininzi ukutyelela umzi.

Ngokwalo Cathedral ifuze imilo umnqamlezo Latin, ngaphezu ephakathi yayo kukho nkundla enkulu. Ikholam entablement, iminqwazi, kunye imikrolo lining pudostskogo zangaphandle zenziwe ngamatye. Le lekalika noko elithambileyo, uye ithinti elityheli. Kuye geni kufuphi Petersburg.

Imifanekiso kunye namaqela oqingqiweyo nokuhombisa yonke isixeko Saint Petersburg. Kazan Cathedral kule ndlela ayikho umnyinyiva. Apha Umfanekiso ubalaseliswa kuyilo lwangaphandle. On kophahla inthanethi (endleleni kwicala) efunyanwa BAS-imikrolo. Kwicala lasentshonalanga - umsebenzi IP Prokofiev, ngasempumalanga - le I. imveliso P. Martosa. Ngasentla isibingelelo edume BAS-isiqabu D. Rachette.

North nomnyango ezihonjiswe ngeengcango omkhulukazi ukuba ikopi efana nqwa "Gates kweParadesi" le lokubhaptiza. Yakhiwa nomkroli zobhedu Italian Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Ngapha nangapha iingcango, yayigcinwa ekhethekileyo yobhedu manani aphezulu Andreya Pervozvannogo kunye Ioanna Krestitelya, Vladimir Equal ukuya abapostile, yaye Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Bas "nobusuku ye abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi", "I Annunciation", "yokunqulwa abalusi", "usiwa eYiputa" ibekwe nesezindlu emantla.

Le umhombiso elingaphakathi

Kazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) yi angaphakathi osisityebi amisiweyo. Kwakungathi isikali Russian namandla. I iconostasis lokuqala unique zadalwa ngokuzoba A.Voronihina.

Thile emva (1836) kwenziwe isipho zodidi kuwo umzi. St. Petersburg, Kazan Cathedral wafumana entsha, incuse iconostasis zesilivere yenziwa yi womzobi KA Ithoni. Waye wabanjwa yi-Don Cossacks ngo-1812 yi-French.

Uninzi icon ababhale magcisa aphambili kwenkulungwane XIX ekuqaleni - OA Kiprensky, VL Borovikovsky, F. A. UBruni, VK Shebuev GI Ugriumov, Bryullov nabanye abaninzi.

Ixabiso kwetempile

Ngowe-1811, yena kuyitsho loo Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg ayiphathe kwisikhumbuzo eyarhaxwayo yamajoni Russian, ngubani ekunene ukusuka etempileni, yabamba inkonzo ngomthandazo, sathunyelwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Ukususela yecawa waya wayalela umkhosi Russian M. I. Kutuzov, kodwa apha umzimba wakhe waza wangcwatywa iimbeko ngo-1813, kule crypt phantsi Iingqameko ye Kazan Cathedral. Amabini anesine iminyaka ebaleni phambi yecawa kwakukho isakhiwo sokuba umphathi omkhulu.

Le neembasa Kazan Cathedral agcinwe ezininzi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II: amalaphu anomyalezo, woyisa umkhosi, babamba izitshixo izixeko neenqaba.

leSoviet

Zesizukulwana sangoku of nzima ukucinga ukuba ngo-1929 yavalwa i Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg (ngoko iLeningrad) saqala umzabalazo esebenzayo nxamnye "dope zonqulo." Emva kweminyaka emithathu kule sayithi sembali nasezindlini Museum imbali Thixo. icon angathethekiyo Cathedral zaye ngokuyinxenye zidluliselwe imyuziyam Russian.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kakhulu iziqu amanqugwala etempileni - i icon ye nguMama kaThixo - watshintshelwa yecawa, leyo yayimi ecaleni Petrograd. ngokwenene Interior yaba kuphangwa, oko kakubi zonakala ngexesha lokuvuselela obeluza ezahlukeneyo.

Cathedral namhlanje

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, i Kazan Cathedral eSt Petersburg wabuyela eDayosisi, kwaye nalo ke kaThixo babuyela isimo elahlekileyo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi, ezo zebhotwe nezendawo zonke amarhamente kubulisa icon ngokungummangaliso nguMama kaThixo, obuyileyo kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo.