José Ortega y Gasset. "Yintoni na intanda?": Uhlalutyo kunye ixabiso lemveliso

Enye abameli liphambili ingcinga iSpanish zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kukuba José Ortega y Gasset. "Yintoni na intanda?" - umsebenzi apho evuna kuhlalutyo ngendlela apho umntu ucinga ngokwayo ehlabathini. Xa iintetho zakhe, wenza kwacaca ukuba sisazinzulu akuyomfuneko ukuba aphathe ngendelelo abantu abaqhelekileyo. Le yokugqibela nabo benze philosophizing. Kodwa ngaba zonke iingcamango ingabizwa kangaka? Ukuba akunjalo, yintoni na imithetho bulumko? Kule miba, kwakunye nabanye abaninzi, ndazama ukuphendula José Ortega y Gasset. "Yintoni na intanda?" - software imveliso nzulu ngezinto.

curriculum vitae

I-sobulumko waba imvelaphi unguwo. Wazalwa kwintsapho ukuba umenze yengqondo ngokwenene. Indlu asetyenziswa ukuya abadumileyo abaninzi, yaye ukususela ebuntwaneni, sobulumko Spanish elizayo ndadibana nabantu abadumileyo yaye ndaphulaphula intetho yabo. Waphumelela wamaJesuit kwikholeji emveli, nto leyo kweli lizwe wamnika mfundo kakhulu uze ubhalise kwi-University of Madrid. Njengoko kwagqirha wezenzululwazi, waqhubeka izifundo zakhe ekupheleni kwe Heine kunye Hegel. Kodwa ngobomi bakhe ushiye istampu ozimiseleyo baseSpeyin War Civil. sobulumko Young waba iqela komsindo Franco lawulo. Wanyanzelwa ukuba izwe. Sibuya ekhaya nje emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uya kuqhubeka ngokuchasene iqela elilawulayo. Leyo ke, José Ortega y Gasset.

"Yintoni na bulumko?". Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa intsingiselo yokuqala

Le mveliso uthotho lweentetho apho umbhali ukufunda ngo-1928. Kodwa njengokuba le ncwadi ipapashwe kuphela ngo-1964. Izifundo abafani la mazwi ezitshayelela ukuba ootitshala ungayenza phambi kokuba ukuqaliswa kwekhosi. Kwakhona akukho uhlalutyo emfutshane ukutolika indlela izandulela imibuzo eziziintloko anazo zobulumko kangangamawaka eminyaka. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba provocateur bit, i José Ortega y Gasset. "Yintoni na intanda?" - igama intsingiselo olukhulu lwemveliso concealer kunokuba angayityhileli indlebe. Enyanisweni, i-nzulu ngezinto akanamdla kakhulu yintoni na le uqeqesho. Ujonga ingxaki eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. kufuneka ibe bulumko kuba indoda mihla Yintoni kwaye kukho naziphi na iingenelo kubantu eziqhelekileyo kulo - ezi imiba eziziintloko hlupha kuye.

Ebomini kunye Impembelelo yalo

Le ndlela ingaqhelekanga ukuba kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Nangona ebomini kwaba uthandwa kakhulu - apho kunzima ukuchaza ngokucacileyo. Kodwa inkalo yayo engundoqo olumanyanisa yonke indlela, mhlawumbi, ekunokuthiwa umbuzo wokuba yintoni na ukuba nendlela correlates nobomi babantu. Ngokuba sobulumko isiSpanish ifana into efanayo. Makhe sibone ukuba aphendule umbuzo wakhe José Ortega y Gasset. Yintoni ifilosofi? Yindlela yobomi. Ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na umntu. Ngoko ke, inyaniso bulumko ayikho ingcamango ethile abstract. Kufuneka eze ngqo kumava obomi, kuquka ukusuka kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Ukuqonda ihlabathi

Yintoni enye ukuze kuthi izifundo zakhe José Ortega y Gasset? "Yintoni na intanda?" - incwadi icwangcisa imithetho zokucinga, ekufuneka ngqo ebantwini. Okokuqala zonke ngokunyaniseka, ukungafihli kunye nokuzimela. Imbali kunye noluntu ziye zamiselwa kwimiba emininzi, iintsingiselo kunye nemiba ezahlukeneyo aneentsingiselo ezahlukileyo. Ingongoma ayikho ukuba ziyinyani okanye hayi, kodwa kukuba phantsi esicwangciswe into yokuqala siphantse ayibonakali. Ngoko ke, njengomntwana onengqondo yokwenene kufuneka silwe indlela yakhe zonke ezi zoleko ukuya kwisifundo sokuqala, ukuze ihlabathi ngale meko likuyo likumgangatho nobuchazwe sobulumko. Yaba kuphela emva kokufunda ngokwakho, usenokucinga ukuba yinyaniso na okanye hayi ngengqiqo yemveli.

inyaniso ayinyani

Le ngxaki kwakhona abavusayo José Ortega y Gasset. "Yintoni na intanda?" Le imveliso leyo iqulethe ithisisi ukuba umbuzo ngobunyaniso okanye ukungaphumeleli Akukhathaliseki ukuba akukho ithathele ingqalelo thina indawo nzulu ngezinto umdla. Kangangoko ukuba uyinyaniso, kwesa njengoko silawulwa? Ngapha koko, oku kuxhomekeke koko isiphetho yena eza. Kunye nokuchaneka yomsebenzi wakhe ayinakuqinisekisa ngaphandle kuqala obalatha ukuba njengomntwana onengqondo kwi nomnqweno ukufikelela inyaniso okanye ukudlala nje kunye lweentsingiselo jikelele, oko ke kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni. Mhlawumbi xa sijonga yembali bulumko ukusuka lo mbono, bekuya kuba yinto ephosakeleyo, ukuba siya owoyamaniswe kuyo.

Lo mahluko phakathi ukuqonda yentanda kunye nokuchaneka Sciences anikezelwe kwicandelo eyodwa ikhosi, leyo funda Ortega y Gasset ( "Yintoni na intanda?", Lecture 3). Kubalulekile ke ngoko Umba obaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni enyanisweni okanye falsity le mfundiso biography of umbhali wayo. Eneneni, ngethuba lobomi nayiphi bulumko kubonakalise neyokudinga bakhe bokomoya, amathandabuzo, umendo inyaniso okanye kuyo. Ngelo xesha nye ivumela umsebenzi nayiphi na nzulu ngezinto ngokungathi aphakame ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye iqhube iingxoxo kunye nabantu mihla. Yiyo loo nto ke bakwazi ukufunda nokuqonda imisebenzi elidlulileyo na.

intanda Modern classic

Kanye uninzi abameli ebomini, José Ortega y Gasset ibaluleke kakhulu kwizikolo emveli Western yaseYurophu ingcamango. Kakade ke, akazange ayiphikise ikhonkco phakathi bulumko mihla yamandulo. Kodwa olwalo uhlalutyo zabantu abadumileyo ezifana Leibniz kunye Descartes, kubalulekile kakhulu. Ukholelwa zooyise ezi zobulumko 'ngayo yimibono ", ngenxa apho ihlabathi yokwenene endaweni kwicala lezingluntu laqala ukwenza izimvo abstract. izinto Real kwafakwa neminqweno ngazo, nto leyo ayangenana intshumayelo nganye. Ngokutsho amazwi okuqala bulumko, ixesha Descartes hlabathi yaseYurophu Western "washiywa ngaphandle ukukhanya." Mna ke ndacinga Ortega y Gasset. "Yintoni na intanda?" (Isishwankathelo lo msebenzi esiye sakuphonononga ngasentla) inikeza ukubuyela umntu mihla ehlabathini lokwenene. Yiloo nto ke umsebenzi bulumko, nempumelelo yayo ixhomekeke kangakanani na nemeko yokuphila nale ntsholongwane.