Akunjalo kuphela amabhitshi amnandi aseAqaba kunye nodaka lokuphulukisa oLwandle Olufile oludumile ngeJordan. UPetra uyakhangeleka, ukujonga apho amakhulu amabini abavakatye bavela kwihlabathi lonke. Abakhi bezakhiwo abakha lo mzi, ngokungaqondakaliyo baxutywa emadwaleni emqolomba, bajika ilitye elifileyo libe ngamathempeli amakhulu kunye namangcwaba. Kodwa ke kwakungekho zixhobo zanamhlanje, kwaye iteknoloji ayizange ifinyelele kwisiqingatha seli nqanaba langoku. Nangona kunjalo, abantu, bathetha ngokufuziselayo, bakwazi ukudala i-masterpieces eyasinda kwiinkulungwane.
Abakwa-Nabataeans - abasunguli be-city-story story phakathi kwamatye
Ngokomlando, amaNabataeans inzala kaSim, unyana kaNowa owaziwayo emhlabeni. Kwiminyaka ye-III ye-BC bakha urhulumente waseNabatea. Imizila yeevenkile yayiyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kwezo maxesha kumazwe alo. Ngako oko, ummandla we-Nabataean ubukumkani wawuyinto ecebileyo kumazwe amaninzi angomakhelwane kwaye wayehlala ehlaselwa. Kodwa ama-Nabataeans awazange akwazi ukukhusela umhlaba wabo kubahlaseli, kodwa aphinde ayigxotha inxenye yeSiriya aze ahlale emele kumaxesha olawulo lwaseRoma. Abantu base-Nabataea babenzondo olukhulu kumaYuda kwaye abazange balwe nabo kuphela, kodwa bazithengisa namanye amabanjwa amaYuda ukuba bahlupha baze babulale. Kwintsimi yeNabatea ephakamileyo ngoku iJordan. I-Petra - eyayiyinkunzi eyinkunzi yelizwe elidala elaphakade. Ngoku liyimyuziyam eyingqungquthela, eyadalwa yendalo kunye nenhlakanipho yabantu.
Idolophu elahlekileyo
Imizi elahlekileyo yamanveveli amnandi ibonakala ibhalwe ePetra, ifihla emadwaleni esi sixeko. Ngubani owaziyo, bekuza kwaziwa ngabantu malunga nale ndawo ukuba ngowe-1812 uMoya waseMpumalanga waseSweden u-Johann Burkhardt, ehamba eMbindi Mpuma ngaphantsi kwegama lika-Ibrahim ibn Abdallah, akazange ahlangabezane nomgubo omuhle ngokungaqhelekanga, akazange aphumelele kwaye wavula Isixeko samandulo sasePetra. IYordan imhlonela ngokuhloniphekileyo indlu yayo, ehlanganiswe kwiluhlu lwezinto ezimangalisayo zehlabathi. I-Petra - ngesiGrike isho "ilitye, ilitye." Isixeko safumana eli gama, kuba ngezinye iinkalo kwimbali yayo yayinxulumene neHellas yamandulo. Oku kubonakaliswa yizinto ezininzi kwizakhiwo zakhiwo, iipolonades kunye neepaltiki, ezikhumbuza iinxalenye zamabandla aseGrike asendulo, kodwa ngeenkcukacha zabo ezingezizo iiGrike. UBurhardhardt ngokwakhe wayengakhange afune isixeko esilahlekileyo, kodwa wayeza kudlula i-Sahara ukuya kwimithombo yeNiger. Le ndoda yafa emngceleni wakhe wokuzalwa, iminyaka engama-33 ubudala, yaba yindwendwe ngenxa yobudala bakhe obungalindelekanga.
Indawo yeendawo
Ishushu sezulu eshushu, umlambo iJordan kuphela, icandelo elincinane leGulf of Aqaba kunye noLwandle Olufile kunye ne-90% entlango yeentlango kunye nokufakwa kwamatye angenamaphilo. Le Yordan. I-Petra, ilifa eliyingqalileyo yelifa kunye nekratshi leli lizwe, alikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngeegadi zokutshala. Ixabela ingcamango ngobuhle obunzima beentlambo ezithe cwaka, ukuthungela imirhumo yabo esibhakabhakeni ngamashumi emitha. Isixeko sisekuphakameni kwama-660 amitha ngaphaya kwentlambo yaseArava kwaye idibanisa nehlabathi nge-Sik gorge. I-Arava iyitrhala yenkangala apho kungekho phantse khona. Kwimihla endala abahambi ababehamba kunye neenkamela eziwela iArava, bephelelwa ngumlilo kunye nokungabi namanzi. Njengoko i-oasis engummangaliso ephilisa ubomi, kwakukho i-Petra ephakamileyo, apho umntu wayenokusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nokuphumla. Ama-Nabataeans akhethe enye yezona ndawo ezingenakungenakulinganiswa kwiinkunzi zabo. Unokungena esixekweni kuphela kwi-canyon encinci ukusuka kumzantsi okanye ukusuka ngasentla. Ngokomthetho, kwenzeka ukuba uMoses wabetha amatye kunye nabasebenzi bakhe. Ngokomnye umxholo, ama-Nabataeans awazange avumele amaYuda edolophini lawo, awayekhokelwa nguMoses entlango.
Sik Gorge
Kwaye inqanaba ecaleni kweArava, kunye nokuhamba phambili kwintlambo, ifakwe kwiprogram yohambo lwe-excursion, ebizwa ngokuthi "iJordan, iPetra, iindwendwe". Kulabo abafuni ukukhathaza iinyawo zabo, ama-Arabhu angena kwiindawo eziqashisa amahashe, iinkamela, iidonki kunye neenqwelo ezincinane. Ukungena kwintlambo kuhlawulwa. Ukuba olunye usuku aluzange lube nokuhlola yonke into, umhla olandelayo kufuneka uhlawule kwakhona. Ixabiso ukuya kutshanje lalingama-dinars angama-20 (malunga nee-euro ezingama-20). Nangona kunjalo, imali esetshenzisiweyo ifanelekile ubuhle obungayi kubona nakuphi na indawo ehlabathini. Umangalisa uqala ngamanyathelo okuqala ngasemgodini. Imele imitha encinci ye-canyon malunga neekhilomitha enye ubude. Kutheni ungalingani? AmaArabhu athetha ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi bakaMoses babekhohlisiwe. Ubanzi balobu bugcisa bobugcisa abufani. Kwezinye iindawo, umgudu unqabile kangangokuba iinqwelo zokuhamba ngehashe ayidluli, kwaye kwezinye - zifikelela ububanzi beemitha ezi-3. Hamba kube mnandi ngakumbi, emva kweqela kwaye ushiye wedwa ngamatye, aba balindi abangapheliyo kwisixeko esilahlekileyo. Iindawo zabo, nakwezinye iindawo, iintlambo ezigqithisekayo ngokukhawuleza ziqhuma esibhakabhakeni, phantse zivale ngaphezu kweentloko zazo. Kwaye kuphela umgca ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka awuvumeli ukuphula uxhulumaniso kunye nehlabathi lenene. Umbala weentlambo uhluka ngexesha lemihla. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekunteni kokusa nokutshona kwelanga. Kodwa emini ngemigangatho ehlukeneyo yelitye eyenza le monoliths ibonakala ngokuphawulekayo.
Al-Khazne
Ekuphumeni kwimijelo, ukudala okumangalisayo kwintsimi yabantu kuvulwa amehlo. Yinto yokumisa i-mausoleum-itempile phantsi kwamatye. UPetra eYordan, ngokukodwa esi sikhundla esikhulu, uyakwazi ukuzonwabisa nabani na. Ubude bayo buyiimitha ezingama-39, nobubanzi 25. Ngaphandle kwe-facade kufana neetempile zaseGrisi lasendulo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindonga kukho amanani ama-Amazons, iintloko zomthikazikazi waseYiputa u-Isis kunye ne-Mythological Medusa. Kwakhona kwi-facade ungabona ama-eagles, ngokweenkolelo zamaNabataeans, ezithwala imiphefumlo yabafileyo. Okokuthi, ngexesha lokwakha izitayela ezininzi zokwakha ezidibeneyo. Izithsaba ze-El-Hazne, apho iingcamango zibeka ubuncwane beefarao. Yingakho kwakukho igama lethempelini elinjalo - "umnotho wepharao". Ngaphakathi kwetempile kukho amakamelo amancinci amathathu ngaphandle kokuhlobisa. Zindonga kuphela.
Amathuba asePetra
Abaphandi abaninzi bacinga ukuba bakholelwa ukuba amaharahara e-El-Hazna ayinanto enxulumene nayo, kwaye isakhiwo senziwe njengengcwaba labalawuli bePetra. Phambi kwetempile kukho uxinzelelo oluyingxubevange olujikelezayo kunye ne-grooves apho, mhlawumbi, imibingelelo yenziwe. Igazi laphuma phantsi kwe groove. Kodwa le nkcazo ayifaki imfundiso yeengcwaba kwi-100%. Akukho nto ngaphakathi e-El Hazna ekwazi ukukhanyisa oko isakhiwo senziwe khona. AmaNabataeans athatha le mfihlakalo kunye nabo. Ukusuka kwimpucuko enkulu, uMnu. Peter wasala kuthi. IJordani iyibheka iparele yayo ephambili. Nangona ichithwa ngexesha, isixeko sikhulu. Ukusuka e-El-Khazin, kukho isitrato esifutshane esikhokelela kwezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu. Ezinye zazo zachithwa ematyeni, ezinye zakhiwe ngamatye aqingqiweyo. Kukho amaninzi amangcwaba edolophini, kodwa zonke ezincinci kwaye zithobekile kuneyona El Hazna enkulu.
Ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kwisixeko
I- Peninsula yonke yase-Arabia ithathwa njengommandla owomileyo. Kuyafana neJordan. I-Petra yidolophu apho iminyaka engama-150 mm yemvula yaphela, engabonakaliyo kubomi bemi-40 yabemi. Nangona kunjalo, i-Nabataeans yakha inethiwekhi yemijelo kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi apho kugcinwa khona amanzi aqokelelweyo. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela yaseNabatea yenza ukuba bakwazi ukuqokelela amanzi kwisithili sedolophu. Abemi behlala benamanzi aneleyo. Kukho inkolelo yokuba ngamaxesha angabonakaliyo kodwa amanqatha amanqatha phezu kweSik canyon, imilambo engaphezulu kweemitha ezinzulu ingasasa. Ukuze loo manzi amanzi angabikho izikhukhula kwisixeko, ama- Nabataeans akha into enjengomdaka, ephazamisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuya kwicala kwaye angavumeli amanzi afikelele emgodini.
Ezinye iintlobo zePetra
Hayi kuphela itempile ekhethekileyo ye-El Khazne edume ngoPeter (Jordan). Isithunzi sobunxweme lwalo oluhle kwiGulf of Aqaba kunye nezakhiwo ezininzi ezisindayo zePetra ezizukileyo ziya kulondoloza ngonaphakade inkumbulo yokutyelela le ndawo enkulu emhlabeni. Omnye wabo yi-monastery ye-Ad-Dair. Itholakala ngaphaya kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zasezidolophini kwaye iphantsi kwinqanaba. Ubungqingili bendwendwe bufana ne-facade ye tempile yase-El Hazne. Ubungakanani, bukhulu kakhulu kwaye bufikelela ubude beemitha ezingama-45 kwindawo yobubanzi beemitha ezingama-50. Kukhokelela kumanyathelo amaninzi. Mhlawumbi yeso sizathu ukuba akavakatye ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengo-El-Hazne. Ukongeza kwindlu yeendwendwe, kwisixeko samatye esicatshulwayo sifanele i-Palace-Gravestone, iTempile leeNgonyama eziphilileyo, indawo enkulu. Yadalwa ngokufana neentetho zamaGrisi zaza zakhonzwa, ngokutsho kweembali-zembali, kwiinkonzo zonqulo.
Jordan. Petra. Ukutyelela, iihotele, izikhumbuzo
IJordan yindawo enkulu yokukhenketho. Kwii-arhente ezininzi zokuhamba unokwenza umyalelo wokutyelela ii-tours ngexesha elide kunye nezikhokelo. Abo bakhetha ukutyelela ePetra, banokuhlala kwisiqephu se-Wadi Musa, esivela kwidolophu yamatye kwikhilomitha kunye nesiqingatha. Awekho ihotele ePetra ngokwayo. Kuvulelekile kwiindwendwe kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa ngosuku. E-Wadi Musa, apho okufuneka ukhethe khona, ihotele zifumaneke ngentsingiselo ehlukeneyo kunye nekhredithi. Ukongeza, kwidolophana yabakhenkethi abalinde iivenkile zokutya, ivenkile, imivalo kunye ne-nightclub. Ukongeza ku-Wadi Musa, unako ukuhlala kwisixeko esiphakathi kwe-Jordan Aqaba. Kuthatha malunga neeyure ezingama-3 ukuya ePetra.
Ukutyelela esi sixeko esiyimbali, bonke abatyeleli bathenga izikhumbuzo zememori. Thengisa apha ngokoqobo kwikona nganye. Ubucwebe beentyhini, ii-ceramics, izitsha zamatye ase-Arab kunye neebhotile ezincinci ezinesihlabathi ezinemibala ziyaziwayo.