Izikhululo metro Valiwe. metro map

Ivaliwe izitishi ze-metro eMoscow kunokwenzeka nangoku ukubona ezinye ukuzolula abadlulayo. Baye kudala kufundwe le nto abembi eyinkunzi, kodwa qhubeka umdla eluntwini ngendlela enye njenge "Metro-2" (D6). Nakule yonke ezi zikhululo wayiqokelela lukhulu, bonke bephela, indlela enye okanye omnye, baye bayeka uphawu labo ubomi Moscow Metro.

Imbali kwi metro eMoscow

Iiprojekthi yokuqala ukwakha inothungelwano lwezothutho komhlaba wabonakala 1875, kodwa yavula kuphela ngowe-1935. Loo scheme metro lilincinane kakhulu kwesele ikhona, ibe izitishi 6-7 kuphela. Ukususela ngoko, ukwandiswa womnatha uqhubeka, minyaka ayibeka a kwiindawo ezintsha ngovimba, abanye babo zivaliwe. Ekuqaleni, ubude metro eMoscow wayemalunga 14 neekhilomitha ngo-2016 ibe malunga 331 neekhilomitha.

Qho ngonyaka Moscow Metro ithwala abantu malunga 6-7 million, umkhweli traffic apha eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye izitishi 200 ezikhoyo azisoloko ukumelana nazo. Kukho imigca-12, inani labo lokongeza-2025, iya kuba ulwakhiwo yokugcina ezintsha kunye nezitishi, ezinye zazo ziya kuba olungaphezu komhlaba. Kukwakho amathuba kwezinye izikhululo ukuba ivalwe ngaphambili, kwakhona ziya kubuyiselwa.

"May Day"

Ngokusesikweni, kwi-metro eMoscow, kukho ezine kuphela into zabucala, omnye kubo isikhululo "May Day", nto leyo eyayikhona ngomhla Arbat-Pokrovskaya line. Ngelo xesha, kwaba phantse nangoko ukuba ezikhoyo kule stop namhla "Izmailovo Park," waye indawo apho Metro umgca ngaphezulu. Isikhululo yayimi phezu kwintsimi electrodepot Izmailovsky esebenza ngempumelelo yaye sele salungiswa yaye kaloliwe nokugcinwa stock yangoku.

Le ahla- isikhululo yangaphambili isekhona zikwimeko elungileyo, Noko ke, ngoku gumbi efanayo ibekwe evenkileni, apho benza zilungisa iimoto. Nto layiva kakuhle, iithayile kunye moldings ezigcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo, kuba yena kwaye ungabona ukuba ngaba kummandla isikhululo yangaphambili. Kwisayithi owayesakuba mafu- kukho iholo ibandla, nto leyo esetyenziselwa imisitho.

"Ukulungela ukusebenza"

Ukususela 1964 ukuya 1974. station "Kaluzhskaya" ezigcinwe kwi electrodepot eponymous. Musa ukubhidanisa kunye yokumisa ezikhoyo ngoku, endala yayimi malunga Palace of Culture "Meridian". Esi sikhululo luphawulwa kukuba abakhweli zaye etyalwe ngqo kwi ndawo, baza ke baphuma kwiimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ukususela ngo-1971, abakhweli yaba nzima ukusebenzisa kwisikhululo ngakumbi, ngexeshana elifutshane kwaye ivalwe lilo.

Isikhululo waba imeko ihlwempu kunene; bekungekho imihombiso, iqonga wenziwe asphalt eqhelekileyo, yayifumaneka ngokuba izibane eziqhelekileyo nodonga eqhelekileyo ngokuluqaba mhlophe. a nezihlalo ezimbalwa somthi zifakwe kwi eqongeni, badlula kubo, abakhweli eyele kummandla elisekungeneni.

"Soviet"

Ukuba unomdla kwisitishi okuvala engaphantsi Moscow, qiniseka ukuba anikele ingqalelo "eSoviet", nto leyo yaceba ukwakha phakathi "Mayakovskaya" yaye "Theatre". Inxalenye imbali yale yokumisa nga kuthathelwa ingqalelo ilivo ezidolophini. Ngenxa yeemfuno ukugqiba ukwakha ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, metrostroevtsy kwafuneka ukuba bashiye ukwakhiwa kwisikhululo, kodwa ke ngelo xesha waye sele kwakhiwa ngokuyinxenye.

Le ngxaki ingasonjululwa nje - "eSoviet" yaba ndlu apho kwigumbi ulawulo Moscow Civil yoKhuselo Ikomkhulu. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi le Moscow Metro, kulapha ukuba isebe idlule babizwa ngokuba "Metro-2", "E6" system. Isikhululo sibiyelwe kwaye xa uqhuba indawo phakathi "Theatre" yaye "Mayakovskaya" oko kubonwa.

"Volokolamskaya"

izitishi metro ezivaliweyo ahluka yi imbali yawo engaqhelekanga, ingakumbi, sithetha "Volokolamsk". Isikhululo yayimi kwi Violet Metro umgca phakathi "Tushino" yaye "Schukin." Xa uhamba Kumgama phakathi kwezi ndawo zokuphumla zimbini, ungabona izibane, kunye neqonga le engagqitywanga kude kube sekupheleni esitishini.

Kwacetywa ukuba isikhululo uya kukhonza izindlu ukuba babeza kwakhelwa phezu kwisiza kwizicwangciso ngexesha Tushino indiza. Ngenxa yoko, ayizange yenzeke, isikhululo eso mothballed. Akukho outcrops kunye uhombiso ezimibalabala yimbali elide "Volokolamskaya" iye yaba ghost ngokwenene.

Uvukile kwabafileyo

Ngo-2002, uludwe izitishi ze Moscow Metro wongezelela isikhululo eye ivaliwe kudala - "unondlwane Hills". Ngaphambili, kwathiwa ngokuba "uLenin Hills" Sasisebenza de 1984. Le meko ngokupheleleyo xa oko kwazeka ukuba Bridge eNkundleni Metro ikwimeko kakhulu yaye ngokuwa na umzuzu, ebangela ingozi.

Ibhulorho yavalwa ukuze ilungiswe, ngeli xesha lonke ukuhamba koololiwe labhalwayo ezimbini alunokwakhiwa ngokungxamisekileyo-asi ezongezelelweyo. Kangangeminyaka eli-mabini, isikhululo yavalwa, yaye elo xesha sikwazile inxalenye azisalungiseki. Phambi metrostroevtsy okuqala kwafuneka achithe redecorating, ngoku yinxalenye yothungelwano ezinkulu metro eMoscow.

"Metro-2"

Izikhululo Ivaliwe of the metro eMoscow - nje kuphela iimfihlakalo ukuba zenzeke emhadini ikomkhulu likaThixo. Kukho ubungqina ezahlukeneyo zale ubukho lomnye komhlaba - "D6", esetyenziswa ngurhulumente, inxibelelanisa izibonelelo ibalulekileyo - incwadi yesicelo, isiseko ngokufihlakeleyo ezisincedayo Ramenki, MSU, njl Phambi kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR ubukho yale nkqubo kuyimfihlo karhulumente, ukuxelwa kwalo abaninzi baphelelwe yimisebenzi kunye nobomi.

Noko ke, ngoku, amanye amagosa ukwenza kokuvuma ubukho nkqubo, iinkcukacha zalo ziqala apho beziyeke khona. Kwakuyeyona ubude elipheleleyo network "Metro-2" ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-150, ezinye swiyenge enye-umkhondo, ezinye - kabini-zondelwe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba nemixube ubuncinane ezisibhozo nesebenza kwinkqubo. Xa engaphantsi, kukho iingxelo ezininzi ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezimbini, eyona idumileyo - germovorota kufuphi i "Sport".

isiphelo

Metro map ezizotywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ulwakhiwo esebenzayo lusaqhubeka. Abaninzi babeke ithemba labo bonke ivaliwe ngenxa yezizathu okanye omnye isikhululo uya kuvulelwa abakhweli, yaye ngaloo ndlela bakwazi ukwakha uthungelwano indlela eyiyo ngokwenene.