Izihlunu ithole, indawo yabo, umsebenzi kunye nesakhiwo. Ngaphambili kunye kwemilenze umva amaqela

Shin ubhekisela kwesebe asezantsi. Kuxhomekeke phakathi unyawo kunye indawo idolo. Akhiwa amathambo amabini asezantsi umlenze - encinane kunye tibial. Bona singqongwe kwimicu kwezihlunu kumacala amathathu. izihlunu ithole, indlela ezakhiwe ngayo leyo eza kuxoxwa kamva, iqhutywa iminwe nasezinyaweni.

lesiquluba

Le element ine ukwandiswa kumngcipheko ophezulu. Le isabelo kwakhiwa condyles: osecaleni medial. On top of zazo imiphezulu ezimanyeneyo. Abawenza ezimanyene condyle femoral. Ngaphandle kukho icandelo osecaleni articular umphezulu, apho kukho unxulumano kunye entlokweni lesiquluba. umzimba element tibial ikhangeleka ngathi bemilo ngunxantathu. isiseko kwayo ngqo posteriorly kwaye umphezulu 3, ngokulandelelana, lingena, nomphandle wocango. Ifunyanwa phakathi ngohlangothi ezimbini zokugqibela. Wabiza ngaphambili. Inxalenye yayo ephezulu, iya kungena tuberosity tibial. Le ndawo yenzelwe nitrogen ye imicu kwemisipha nomlenze quadriceps. Emazantsi eli lesiquluba une ulwandiso, kunye Buze ekhoyo phezu embilwini. It ibonakaliswa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Le zibalo kuthiwa malleolus medial. Kwicala elingasemva ithambo kukho twa arhabaxa izihlunu soleus. Xa epiphysis distal yi kumphezulu articular. Inceda ukuba uqhagamshelwano le talus.

Ulutho yesibini

Lesiquluba zingcakacile, elide, ime yokuxazulula. ukuphela kwayo eliphezulu unalo ukuqina - entloko. Idibanisa ukuya lesiquluba. Kananjalo isebe Lower element anquma yaye yakha malleolus lateral. Yena, ngathi intloko lesiquluba, ibonakaliswa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ngaphandle kwaye ubonwe.

izihlunu ithole: indawo yabo, umsebenzi

Imicu zilungiswe kumacala amathathu. Ukwahlula izihlunu ezahlukeneyo umzantsi womlenze. iqela Front uphumeza ukwandiswa unyawo neenzwane, supination kunye adduction senyawo. Le ingxenye iquka iintlobo ezintathu imicu. I kuqala tibialis cipande kwezihlunu ithole. Imicu eseleyo NdinguMenzi longus extensor digitorum nizahlule ubhontsi kwi unyawo. Ezomva Iqela kwemilenze iyinxalenye inani elikhulu imicu. Ngokukodwa, kukho flexor digitorum longus bangegqithi - kuba ezinkulu, umlenze, esineendidi shin. Kwakhona lala apha tibial nefayibha. Kuba iqela ngaphandle kuquka izihlunu ezimfutshane nezinde peroneal le umzantsi womlenze. Ezi Imicu isongwe, kurhoxiswa kunye proniruyut unyawo.

ingxenye tibial

Oku izihlunu shin ngaphambili luzakuqala ukusuka igama wethambo, umphezulu engaphandle kwayo, ifascia kunye ndizayo interosseous. Bona ibhekiswe phantsi. Imicu agcinwe phantsi nemisipha ezimbini. Bona elime kule ngingqi amaqatha kunye namaqatha. Ezi sayithi - imisipha aphezulu isamba asezantsi extensor - zimelwe iindawo ukuqina unyawo ifascia kunye umzantsi womlenze. Site wokuthimba izinto ifayibha njengoko nesinqumka-ezimile emazantsi (lokuqala) bone amadeo kunye medial. Umsipha ke ubonwe kakuhle ubude yabo yonke, ingakumbi kwi inguqu kwi unyawo. Kweli thuba wakhetha imicu yayo ngexesha ukwandiswa. Injongo yale nto umsipha ithole kunye supination ngonyawo.

Extensor digitorum (ubude)

Isebenza ukusuka izihlunu ngaphambili ngaphandle kwi phezulu lesiquluba. Qala Imicu yalo intloko kwaye iinxenye ngohlangothi lesiquluba, ifascia kunye ndizayo interosseous. Extensor, ihamba ngeenyawo, yahlulwe imisipha ezintlanu. Zine zincamathele distal yokuhlasela (yesibini ukuya kwisihlanu), kwabokugqibela - kwi siseko kwethambo amadeo 5. Umsebenzi we extensor obambeleyo izihlunu polyarticular yomlenze olusezantsi kuphela ukunxibelelanisa ukwandiswa iminwe, kodwa unyawo. Ngenxa yokuba enye imicu busisigxina izinto zalo, imicu nazo kummandla eziliqela proniruyut.

Extensor digitorum longus

Imicu ziqale kummandla emazantsi bembande le inwebu interosseous kunye nenxalenye engaphakathi lesiquluba. Extensors babe amandla ngaphantsi kwe inxalenye ezichazwe ngasentla. Site wokuthimba le ndlela yokuhlasela distal ukho ubhontsi. Ezi izihlunu ithole ukusebenzisa kuphela ulwandiso yabo, kodwa bayeke nokukhuthaza supination zabo.

Flexor digitorum longus (ubude)

Iqala ukusuka kwicala esingasemva lesiquluba, badlula phantsi malleolus medial yonyawo. Feed kokuba ibekwe phantsi isamba (Umatshini) imisipha flexor. Okulandelayo, umsipha ithi yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amane. Xa unyawo (plantar kumphezulu wayo) ye imicu ifayibha cross flexor (eye) ze ubhontsi. Emva koko ihambisana nabo quadratus umsipha plantae. Senziwe imisipha zine zigxunyekwe yokuhlasela distal (at isiseko sabo) 2-5 iminwe. Injongo yale izihlunu kukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, xa flexion kunye supination le unyawo. Ukwayamanisa imicu imicu square ingxenye. Ngenxa oku, kukho isenzo avareji kwezihlunu. Ulele phantsi malleolus medial ahlukane fan-ezimise kwicala phalanges, flexor elide yaye evusa ukuncitshiswa kweminwe kumphezulu phakathi komzimba. Ngenxa amangomso square izihlunu imicu, esi senzo kancinci ezincinane.

esineendidi surae

Udlula phezu bakhulise kwaye intloko 3. isabelo ezimbini ikhe kwakhiwa - gastrocnemius kwezihlunu ukusuka wesithathu - anzongonzongo - soleus kumka ifayibha ingxenye. Zonke iintloko anxulumene ukwenza i imicu eqhelekileyo Achilles (Achilles). Olubotshelelwe ku eNtabeni amathambo ahambelanayo. Ithole uqala kwi condyles femoral: osecaleni medial. Ingxaki iintloko ezimbini amalungiselelo kulo mmandla ezimbini. Baya kwalathisa flexion kwe kwedolo unyawo - neqatha. element Medial usihla kancinane kwaye eziphuhlileyo ngaphezu lateral. Ukususela kwicala emva wesithathu eliphezulu lesiquluba ihambisa soleus kwezihlunu. Kwakhona eqhotyoshelwe kule arc tendinous, ephakathi amathambo. Imicu ezi ithole ezingezantsi enzulu kancinci. Baya kulala emva subtalar neqatha kwanamalungu abangele flexion senyawo. Esineendidi enokuphathwa phantsi kwesikhumba. I-axis ezinqamlezayo ye amaqatha posteriorly enze umsipha. Nale esineendidi le Ulayini torque elikhulu kakhulu. sural ingxenye bit ababandakanyekayo ukuyilwa diamond-ezimile popliteal fossa. Njengoko imida yayo zezi: izo- femoral kwezihlunu (ngaphakathi nangaphezulu), imicu semimembranosus (ngaphakathi nangaphezulu), kunye neentloko ezimbini plantar ingxenye sural (ezantsi). Ezantsi emhadini senziwa philisi odibeneyo kwedolo yifemur. Ngokusebenzisa le nxalenye alale iimpahla kunye luvo ukunika unyawo sombala.

Ephuza (ubude) ubhontsi

Ngokuba lo imisipha umva yomlenze luphawulwa amandla kakhulu. Kwicala plantar le imicu yonyawo kulala phakathi iintloko kwicandelo elifutshane inoxanduva ayeguqa ubhontsi. Muscle iqala kwicala emva (ezantsi) loMthetho lesiquluba kunye ekudibaneni intermuscular (ngasemva). A ithengise inxenye plantar komhlaba esisekweni yokuhlasela distal kwi ubhontsi. Ngenxa yokuba inxalenye imicu engena iseli izihlunu obizwa flexor elide, oko unempembelelo elithile kwi intshukumo weminwe 2-3. Ubukho phezu komhlaba metatarsophalangeal kuphela joint iziqalelo ithambo sesamoid ezinkulu 2 ibonelela ukwanda Imicu torque ejikelezayo. Xa ingxenye imisebenzi iquka ayeguqa unyawo lonke nakubhontsi wonyawo.

Imicu tibial ingxenye Second

Esi sigaba diff ukuba ibekwe phantsi esihlunwini esineendidi. Imicu luzakuqala ukusuka inwebu interosseous kunye izabelo ezincinane kunye lesiquluba ezikufutshane. Site wokuthimba kwemisipha na tubercle navicular, isiseko amadeo kunye nazo zonke izinto imnyama. Muscle amanga phansi malleolus medial, yaye wenza ayeguqa unyawo supination kunye ekutyhidweni kwalo. Phakathi kwimicu soleus kunye tibial channel idlule. It inikwa ngendlela slot. Kukho luvo kunye imithambo yegazi.

ingxenye popliteal

Its ifomu Planar imicu elifutshane. Umsipha imelene ngqo entlanganweni idolo ngasemva. Imisonto ukuqala condyle femoral (sclerosis) ngezantsi sural ingxenye kunye neengxowa idolo ngokuhlangeneyo. Dlulani phantsi kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha ngentla soleus umsipha lesiquluba. Ekubeni ifayibha engagqibekanga eqhotyoshelwe kule philisi joint, ngoxa ungakhawulezi flexion yayo posteriorly. umsebenzi imisipha - pronation kunye flexion le umzantsi womlenze.

ingxenye Long peroneal

Le imisipha na isakhiwo eyahlukileyo feathery. Isebenza ngapha kumphezulu lesiquluba. Ukuqalisa ukusuka entlokweni yakhe, tibial condyle element, inxalenye ifascia. Kwakhona eqhotyoshelwe kule ndawo-esithathwini 2 kwicala olungaphandle lesiquluba. Xa izihlunu nokuncipha kwenzeka nokuxhwilwa, flexion kunye pronation senyawo. Imicu ye fibular kwicandelo elide ngasemva nangaphantsi idlule amaqatha lateral. Kule ndawo isithende ithambo lungu langoku - top isamba nasezantsi. Xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba kwicala plantar yonyawo, imicu ubaleka ecaleni emseleni. Le ukwakweli elingaphantsi cuboid. Kwezihlunu oza ngaphakathi yonyawo.

imicu Short peroneal

Imicu ingxenye ezingqonge umva kunye ezantsi malleolus osecaleni. It encamathele elisemqolo phezu 5 amadeo. Iqala i icandelo septa intermuscular kunye nenxalenye olungaphandle lesiquluba. Ingxaki ifayibha - ukuthwala, flexion kunye pronation senyawo.