Ityhefu agents anticholinesterase. Yintoni anticholinesterases?

kwi luvo pulses transmission inikwa zizinto ezikhethekileyo - mediators. Enye neurotransmitter yi acetylcholine. Ezi agents, ngelixa leesynapse, kuchaphazela inwebu iseli ezibangela inhibition okanye uvuselelo kunye edala iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Le neurotransmitter kwemfuneko lwanamathela yi enqanda ezithile.

iziyobisi Anticholinesterase: iimpawu kunye neenjongo

Yimithi anticholinesterase zezo zinqanda cholinesterase enzyme. Le enzyme lusicande yi haydrolisis le acetylcholine neurotransmitter, leyo adlulisele pulses e singangena noko leesynapse luvo parasympathetic, ganglia, nakuzo zonke imicu somatic. anticholinesterases ziye zakhelwe ukwandisa amanyathelo lobume zemithambo-luvo acetylcholine, nokukhuthazwa iinxalenye ezithile luvo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi mithi nefuthe yonke eziphilayo.

anticholinesterases Action iyafana isiphumo ukukhuthazwa luvo cholinergic. La machiza basebenzisane kwisayithi enye phezu umsebenzi ngaphezulu receptor njengokuba acetylcholine, lonto iyakuvelisa isenzo amandla ka nesiphelo-luvo. Cholinomimetics kunye arhente anticholinesterase, enyanisweni, iqela elifanayo kwezinto imithi. Kukho iindidi eziliqela iziyobisi eyahlukileyo kubume iikhemikhali kunye ukuyilungisa amanyathelo. blocker Cholinesterase zahlulwe zibe ingathityazwa lakho.

Kuthethwa isenzo ingathityazwa

Anticholinesterases - amalungiselelo amanyathelo ingathityazwa ezo ngesakhiwo eekhemikhali esters acid carbamic kunye aminoalcohols ezahlukeneyo. Icandelo Reaction ekuvimbeni cholinesterase, kuba nesiphelo asidi, nto leyo umisela enzyme kunye zinemoletyhule kakhulu uzinze unxibelelwano ngaphezu koko luqokelelane yi yokusebenzisana acetylcholine. Zalisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwalo compound kwenzeka haydrolisis iiyure 3-4.

Esebenzisa nempembelelo ingathityazwa anticholinesterase ngala "galantamine", "physostigmine", "Neostigmine" (or "Neostigmine"), "pyridostigmine," "oksazil", "rivastigmine", "edrophonium."

In phosphorous - into action ongenakulungiseka

Imixube amanyathelo lakho eli qela ke iikhompawundi ze-. Ezi izinto anqanda acetylcholinesterase ixesha elide. Phosphorus, leyo ekwakhiweni kwezi molekyuli yakha yikhompawundi esitalini enzyme, leyo angaphila emzimbeni iintsuku eziliqela okanye iiveki. Indawo yoBuyiselo-nkcukacha efunekayo imali acetylcholinesterase kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukuyilwa iimolekyuli ezintsha. Eli qela iikhompawundi iquka "phosphacol", "Armin", "trichlorfon", "Malathion", "dichlorvos" izinto eziyityhefu, ezisetyenziswa ngethuba imisebenzi zomkhosi - isisi kunye soman.

amachiza Organophosphate ayityhefu kakhulu. Ngokufuthi ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla njengoko izinambuzane; Ityhefu kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa angachananga non-nokugcina kwezinto eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Effects anticholinesterase iziyobisi

Ngelo ukufana okuthile phakathi imiphumela ukuvelisa anticholinesterases umzimba, kubonakala ukuba ngamnye kubo ezizodwa. Ukumngqinga yeziphumo ezenziwayo xa elawulwa kulo itoti emzimbeni umzekelo, "neostigmine".

"Neostigmine" ifumaneka ampoules ngohlobo 0.05% isisombululo kunye kwesikhumba lesitofu okanye yegazi. Xa lesitofu egazini kube lula indlela la xa idluliselwa neuromuscular kunye ganglia kwenkqubo yawo luvo. imeko yomguli kuboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ngenxa setyhula izihlunu yindibanisela iris umntwana iingqameko;
• kwenzeka spasm yokuhlala, ilens kuthatha i imilo khaxa ngenxa ukuphumla Zinn iinyanda zojoliso kulindeleke ukuba kumgama kufuphi, ukukwazi ukwahlula izinto abangenakucikideka wancipha;
• lehla izinga intliziyo;
• kwandisa ithoni izihlunu agudileyo amalungu zangaphakathi - nokuphefumla phecana, isisu kwakunye namathumbu, wesibeleko, isinye;
• ngcono zokurhwaqela kwezihlunu skeletal ngenxa kuphuculo isicatshulwa neemvakalelo e leesynapse;
• ukwanda secretion unamadlala exocrine - ukubila, amathe, inyumoniya, esiswini.

isicelo

Ezi ziphumo banoxanduva ukusetyenziswa kwale qela iziyobisi iyeza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. arhente Iimpawu anticholinesterase ayiphelelanga kwizifo ezithile, ekubeni ube nefuthe kwinkqubo central neuropathy luvo, ebangela nomphumela kwi yonke eziphilayo. Amaninzi kokuba baqeshwe ephula innervation kunye nethoni zihlunu skeletal okanye egudileyo.

Cinga ithuba unyango kunye arhente anticholinesterase kunokuba umzekelo 'neostigmine ". Le imithi isenzo ingathityazwa isetyenzisiwe myasthenia - an isifo samathambo, ethe yabonakalisa ubuthathaka izihlunu skeletal. Isifo kubonakala ekuqaleni yehle ithowuni imisipha yobuso, ngoko ke buthathaka izihlunu kwi eziphelweni entanyeni, eliphezulu nolusezantsi; kwiimeko kakhulu, ukusilela sokuphefumla ngenxa ukusebenza ngokwaneleyo uvalo. "Neostigmine" izenzo kwangumqondiso emzimbeni, abuyisele ekudluliseni amaza ukosuleleka neuromuscular, ukuphucula kwezihlunu kunye nomsebenzi ngeemoto lula.

Kwakhona, eli chiza inikwa kwixesha postoperative xa wokugaya okanye atony lwesinye womchamo. Zamehlo kubhaliwe kunqabile eboniswe ukunyanga iglaucoma agalelwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo intraocular. Njengoko i ochasene isetyenziswa an libanda kakhulu relaxants izihlunu kunye neziyobisi antidepolyarizuyuschego inyathelo. Ngamanye amaxesha "Neostigmine" lisetyenziswa ukukhuthaza zokurhwaqela kwezihlunu kunye yabasebenzi buthathaka.

isifo Alzheimer

Amalungiselelo amanyathelo ingathityazwa ziye zasetyenziswa izifo yenkqubo luvo, kube nzima ukunyanga. isifo i-Alzheimer ubekwa "galantamine" - an alkaloid ingafumaneka amatswele of snowdrops uhlobo Galantus ( "Rivastigmine", aka "Exelon"), kodwa inkoliso therapeutically olusebenzayo baba "donepezil", oko emane oluthintela acetylcholinesterase kwi leesynapse ingqondo kwaye phantse aluchaphazeli yayo luvo zomzimba.

Izimo

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo yeziyobisi cholinesterase amanyathelo ingathityazwa, Izimo ukuya khona yabo sokuwa, isifuba, sifuba angina, isifo Parkinson kunye nokuphazamiseka ezahlukeneyo inkqubo Uhanjiso intliziyo.

Iimpawu libanda ubuthi bemilenze

Ukonakaliswa anticholinesterases unika iimpawu ezinxulumene ngqo ne zovuselelo ngokugqithisileyo receptors iso acetylcholine. Pupillary waphawula, sehlise izinga intliziyo (bradycardia), spasm inyumoniya kunye - ngenxa yoko - iimpawu dyspnea hyperperistalsis iphecana zesisu de ukugabha norhudo, ukuchama rhoqo. Kancane kancane uxinzelelo lwegazi utshitshiseke isiphumo elekhtrons ye-luvo vagal. Kwenzeka izishunqulelo nezidubedube ukudideka izihlunu skeletal kunye nolwimi ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka Uhanjiso xa idluliselwa neuromuscular.

etheni Austral

Ukungeniswa kwe ze-ezibangela umfanekiso lwezonyango efana arhente ityhefu ingathityazwa inyathelo anticholinesterase. Iimpawu zingavela ngokuba mhlophe, ngenxa ubuthi ephakamileyo iziyobisi. Kuba iimpawu ubuthi kwinqanaba somatic ziyongezwa kwi iziphumo kwinqanaba kwinkqubo luvo - isiphithiphithi, nokudideka, ukudandatheka sokuphefumla.

Ze-zihlanganisi ibangela amahlaba ezibukhali, ukungaboni, dyspnea, ukubila, ukugabha kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka - isigulane iqalisa nokungoyiki, kuba esingaphathekiyo. Ngenxa spasm izihlunu kakuhle eziva isisu sakhe. Xa ukonakala zenzeka amahlaba, uxinzelelo lwegazi uyawa, angabikho zingqondweni kuphuhliswa. Ukufa kunokwenzeka ngenxa ukushwabana iziko sokuphefumla.

Iimpawu ezifanayo kuvandlakanywa kwiimeko ityhefu Amanita muscaria. Oku kungenxa yokuba isiqulatho yabo muscarinic - ityhefu kunye nesenzo cholinomimetic.

Iintshukumo xa ityhefu

unyango xa yityhefu kunye arhente anticholinesterase kunokuba specialist kuphela. Kule meko, isisombululo yaziswa "Atropine" naliti ongama kunokwenzeka ukuba abele "Metacin" okanye ezinye anticholinergics. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukugcina ukuphefumla kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Ingasetyenziswa uqhoqhoqho, yomatshini kunye oxygenation.

Xa Austral Ityhefu nendlu ukuchonga umthombo ityhefu ngokungenisa umzimba. Ukuba into liye langena ngesikhumba, oko yoxukuxwa 3-5 isisombululo% soda okanye ngamanzi nesepha. Kwimeko apho ichiza sele tapeworm, yisa lavage esiswini, enemas ezininzi, ukunika adsorbents okanye laxatives. Ukuba ze-compound kuye kwafuneka ixesha kuwela kangangoko ngakumbi egazini, wabelwa diurez usebenzisa iziyobisi umchamo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukubhenela iindlela ngococo igazi ihaemodialysis kunye hemosorption.

Ukongezelela, kwimeko Austral ityhefu elimisiweyo cholinesterase Reaktivatory, leyo xa elawulwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala emva ukunxila unako ukubuyisela enzymes ithintelwe. Kusenokuba "Izonitrozin", "Trimedoksim", "Dipiroksim". Ukuba wegazi liphezulu, symptomatically emiselweyo amachiza umfutho. Kukhethwa abo zingakuchaphazeli inkqubo luvo. Ngenxa buthathaka ukuphefumla ezizenzekelayo yinto yomatshini kunye nokunika ioksijini.