Isixhobo, umgaqo wokusebenza komlawuli wesisombululo sombane

Kuba ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo izixhobo zombane zasekhaya kufuna ombane izinzile. Njengomgaqo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle eyahlukeneyo kwenzeka womnatha. Ombane ukusuka 220 V unako baphambuke, yaye ukusilela kwenzeka kwisixhobo. Ukuwa lokuqala phantsi isibane igalelo. Ukuba sicinga zombane endlwini, mhlawumbi ubunzima shini izixhobo eziviwayo kunye nezinye izixhobo asebenza ukususela AC ngamandla.

Kule meko, ukunceda abantu ezizayo isenza i ombane Regulator. Yena uyakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukumelana nokuxhuma ezenzeka yonke imihla. Abaninzi ngexesha elinye baxhalabile malunga nendlela kukho amathontsi ombane, yaye apho enxulumene. Bona zixhomekeke ikakhulu zingumthwalo transformer. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inani Asinazixhobo zombane kumakhaya kuba wayemana enyusa. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yombane ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukhula.

Kufuneka kwakhona Makusoloko kukhunjulwa ukuba indlu yokuhlala ingafakwa iintambo, nto leyo kudala ephume umhla. Ngenxa yoko, indawo yokuhlala ingcingo kwiimeko ezininzi, ayenzelwanga ukuba imithwalo enzima. Ukukhusela ekwakheni izixhobo zabo, kufuneka babe nolwazi olubhetele ekwenzeni ombane isixhobo, yaye lo mgaqo yokusebenza kwabo.

Ntoni na somfanekiso?

Ikakhulu ukuguqukela Regulator ombane lisebenza network isilawuli. Zonke iintlanga kulo mzekelo ukuba zilandelelwe mazwe. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo ufumana ombane izinzile. Kagesi ukuphazamiseka somfanekiso kwakhona zithathelwe ingqalelo, kunye nokusebenza yamacebo abakwazi ukuba nempembelelo. Ngenxa yoko, inethiwekhi iyabetheleleka ndabagxotha accelerations, kunye namatyala eesekethe ezimfutshane Oku kuya ngaphandle.

Izixhobo somfanekiso elula

Xa siqwalasela ibhanile ukubetha somfanekiso yangoku ombane, ngoko ke ifakwe kuphela transistor enye. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba zisetyenziswa isenza i kuphela uhlobo, njengoko kuthathwa ngempumelelo ngakumbi namhlanje. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza isixhobo luncedo nga iphakame kakhulu.

Into yesibini ebalulekileyo somfanekiso ombane ukubetha kufuneka kuchazwe ilight. Kuhlelo eqhelekileyo, ukuba saba safunyanwa ngaphezu kweeyunithi ezintathu. ukuba Bakha omnye nomnye nge ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa. Kuba ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo transistors amacebo ezibalulekileyo. Bona efakwe kwi ekuqaleni nasekugqibeleni kwikhonkco. Kulo mzekelo iyunithi yolawulo inoxanduva capacitor. inxalenye yawo esemqoka kuthathwa ukuba ehlukanisayo resistor.

Zisebenza njani?

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo isixhobo, umgaqo yokusebenza somfanekiso ukubetha ombane ziyahluka. Ukuqwalasela umzekelo umgangatho, singatsho ukuba ngoku lokuqala lisetyenziswa transistor. Kweli nqanaba kwenzeka ukuguqula. Ngaphezu koko, imisebenzi iquka ode, abo banoxanduva ukugqithisa uphawu ukuya ekondensa. Xa usebenzisa okucoca, ukuphazamisana magnetic eceleni. Capacitor kule ngongoma smoothes kumahlandinyuka ombane kunye inductor yangoku ngokusebenzisa resistive nomabi ubuyela transistors lokuguqula.

izixhobo ekhaya

Yenza isenza i Regulator ombane ngezandla zabo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa baya kuba unamandla amancinane. Kulo mzekelo, resistors zezona common kakhulu. Ukuba usebenzisa isixhobo ngaphezu kwesinye transistor unako ukuphumeza ukusebenza eliphezulu. Umsebenzi ibalulekileyo kule nkalo ukufaka izihluzi. Bona kuchaphazela uvakalelo kwefowuni. Ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani isixhobo ayibalulekanga.

Ekwenzeni nge transistor eyodwa

Ukutshintshela Regulator DC ombane ekwaziyo olu hlobo inama i ukusebenza kwe-80%. Ngokuqhelekileyo asebenza kwimo omnye kuphela, kwaye sinyamezele uphazamiseko encinane kuphela womnatha.

Uqhagamshelane nathi kule meko engekho ngokupheleleyo. Transistor standard ukubetha ombane somfanekiso yesekethe isebenza ngaphandle umqokeleli. Ngenxa yoko, le ombane capacitor ngoko nangoko zinikwa. Enye inkalo wesixhobo olu hlobo zezi uphawu ngokuncipha. yokukhulisa ahlukeneyo ziya ukusombulula le ngxaki.

Ngenxa yoko, uyakwazi ukuphumeza inkqubo engcono transistor. Isixhobo resistor zonke ezikwi zimele ukuba babe ehlukanisayo ombane. Kule meko kuya kuba lula ukuphumeza ukusebenza ngcono ifowuni. Njengoko isilawuli zendlela kwisiphaluka ziguquka Umlawuli lineyunithi yolawulo ombane DC. Le element uyakwazi ukuba buthathaka, yaye zikwandisa transistor amandla. Le meko kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa inductors, ilight udityanisiwe kwinkqubo. Umthwalo kwi umlawuli kulawulwa ngokusebenzisa izihluzi.

Ekwenzeni iqhosha uhlobo ombane

Olu hlobo ukubetha ombane komlawuli 12B ukusebenza yi-60%. Ingxaki ephambili yeyokuba yena angabi nako ukumelana ukuphazamiseka electromagnetic. Kule izixhobo Kwimeko ngamandla ngaphezu 10W basengozini. Modern imodeli data ekwenzeni liyi umda ombane 12 V resistors umthwalo ngaloo kakhulu buthathaka. Ngaloo ndlela, phezu umendo ombane capacitor inokujikwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko nangoko frequency zesizukulwana sangoku lwenzeka kwi kwimveliso. Faka le capacitor kule meko engephi.

Enye ingxaki enxulumene nokusetyenziswa capacitors ezilula. Enyanisweni, yaba embi kakhulu. yonke le ngxaki siyifumana komsi eziphakamileyo-frequency ezifumaneka kwi network. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, abavelisi ndiqalile luzakufakwa ubume somfanekiso ombane (12 volt) electrolytic uhlobo capacitors. Ngenxa yoko, umgangatho womsebenzi kungaphuculwa ngokwandisa amandla kwefowuni.

ukusebenza njani izihluzi?

Umgaqo nokusebenza lokucoca standard yakhiwe kwi isizukulwana uphawu onikezelwa ukuya lokuguqulela. Kule esinye isixhobo uthelekiso iyasebenza. Ukuze ukumelana ukuhla ezinkulu womnatha, icebo lokucoca kufuneka ibe units yolawulo. Le ombane output unako mpuluswa.

Ukusombulula ingxaki kunye ukuhla ezincinane element filter unalo umahluko okhethekileyo. Nayo, loo ombane iya frequency umda umkhulu 5 Hz. Kulo mzekelo, oku kunempembelelo entle umqondiso, nto leyo ifumaneka imveliso kwenkqubo.

Le modeli ekwisiseko isixhobo

umthwalo yangoku aphezulu kule hlobo ibonwa ku-4 A. yokufaka ombane capacitor ekwaziyo hlulwa ukuba akukho V. ngaphezulu kwe 15 parameter Igalelo ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo elingagqithanga 5 A. yama- kule meko ube namandla awo esezantsi kwi-network sabakho kwama-50 MV. Enanikade amaza zigcinwe kwi-4 Hz. Konke oku kuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kuba nempembelelo entle ukusebenza kakuhle.

imifuziselo zangoku ze uhlobo ekwenzeni ngentla ukumelana umthwalo kummandla we-3 A. Enye inkalo yale kwako ingabizwa inkqubo yokuguqula ukuzila. Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokusetyenziswa transistors amandla asebenza kunye lwangoku oluqhubekayo. Ngenxa yoko, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba izinzise uphawu lwe output. Xa imveliso ye diode usuke Ukongezelela iyasebenza uhlobo. It is ukufakwa kwisistim kufuphi udumbo ombane. Iilahleko ziyancipha kakhulu phantsi lokushushubeza iba luncedo ngokucacileyo le hlobo ekwenzeni.

Imifuziselo Pulse-ububanzi

uhlengahlengiso Pulse ombane umalusi olu hlobo une ukusebenza kwe-80%. I yangoku ilinganiswe liyakwazi ukumelana-2 A. I-avareji Igalelo ombane parameter 15 V. Ngoko, imveliso yama- yangoku luphantsi kakhulu. A isici esasenza zezi zixhobo ekunokuthiwa ukukwazi ukusebenza kwimo wesiphaluka. Ngenxa yoko, unako ukumelana umthwalo ukuya ku-4 A. Kulo mzekelo, iziphaluka ezimfutshane kwenzeka kunqabile kakhulu.

Phakathi ukushiyeka kufuneka kuqatshelwe throttles, apho kufuneka ukuba bamelane ombane le capacitor. Ekugqibeleni, oku kukhokelela yokonakala ngokukhawuleza resistor. Ukuhlangabezana nale ngxaki, abaphandi bacebisa usebenzisa inani elikhulu kubo. Le capacitors kuthungelwano ngexesha elinye kufuneka ukulawula amaza yokusebenza ye sixhobo. Kulo mzekelo, kuba lula ukuphelisa inkqubo oscillation, apho ukusebenza somfanekiso leyo wancipha.

Le uxhathiso kwi wesekethe kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu ziye ubeke resistors ezizodwa. Ngenxa yoko, le ilight mibuthoinganceda shintsha elibukhali kwi kwikhonkco. imo Ukuzinziswa yenziwa kuphela xa ifowuni yangoku kumda. Ukusombulula ingxaki kunye transistors, abanye basebenzisa iindlela zokususa ubushushu. Kulo mzekelo, ubukhulu isixhobo ukwandisa kakhulu. Ingakwazi nokuginya ukuba inkqubo yokusebenzisa multi-channel. Iingcingo le njongo bakuse uthotho "ukuthunga". Bona ekuqaleni babekwa magnitoprivod leyo yenziwe uhlobo ikomityi. Ukongezelela, ine- into ezifana ferrite. Phakathi kwabo ekugqibeleni kufuneka kwayileka umsantsa elingekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.5 mm.

Ekwenzeni for ekhaya ukusebenzisa ngcelele ifanelekileyo "VD4". umthwalo ngoku, baye bakwazi ukumelana ebonakalayo ngenxa utshintsho umlinganiselo resistance. Ngeli xesha, i resistor uya kumelana ifildi yokuKhangela encinane. Igalelo ombane lwefowuni advantageously wacanda filter komdyarho HP.

Njengoko somfanekiso ukumelana yama- ezincinane?

Ubume ombane Umlawuli 5B yokuqala isebenze iyunithi lokuvula oludityaniswe ngayo capacitor. ireferensi umthombo lwangoku ufanele kuthumela uphawu ukuya comparator. Ukusombulula ingxaki lomsebenzi ukuguqulwa ujoyina DC umsindo. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu ngoko nangoko abale ukuhla awo ubuninzi.

Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokugcina yangoku ezenza aqukuqela ukuya diode utshintshayo. Ukuya ombane igalelo uzinzile, kukho lokucoca ulwelo imveliso. Reserve frequency ngaloo ingahluka ngokubanzi. Umthwalo transistor ekwaziyo withstanding ezona ukuya ku-14 kHz. Intlawulo inductor ombane kule jiko. Ngenxa current ferrite unako sazinza isanda.

Contrast-kukhuliswa uhlobo ekwenzeni

Pulse step-up Regulator ombane luphawulwa capacitors ezinamandla. Ngexesha ingxelo ukuba uthathe umthwalo yonke phezu ngokwakhe. Uthungelwano ngexesha elinye kufuneka ibekwe yodwa galvanic. Uyaphendula ukwandisa kuphela rhoqo umda le nkqubo.

Ukongeza, kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ngokuba isango, nto leyo esemva transistor. Ngoku ke wamkela umthombo wamandla. Xa imveliso yenkqubo ukuguqulwa esuka umcephe wokunyusa. Kweli nqanaba, i ekondensa usenziwa magnetic field. Le transistor ukuzithengela oba ombane. Le nkqubo iqala series inductance.

Ama kwesi sigaba aziyi kusetyenziswa. Into yokuqala ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa unika ombane phezu capacitor; kwandule ke transistor ayithumele lokucoca kwaye kwakhona kwi ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa kwakhona. Ngenxa yoko a ingxelo. Kwenzeka nje ukuba izinzise ombane kwi iyunithi yolawulo. Oku kuya kumnceda ukubeka ode, nisamkelela uphawu ukusuka transistors kunye capacitor somfanekiso.

Lo mgaqo uyasebenza kwezixhobo inverting

Inkqubo lonke inversion unxulunyaniswa ipoti ye-lokuguqulela. Usuke ombane AC ombane le transistor yi hlwele oluthi "BT". Enye element kwenkqubo ukuze kuchazwe resistor leyo iliso inkqubo oscillatory. yoqheliso Direct ukuthoba amaza umda. Ngelo ugwebu kukho kwa-3 Hz. Emva ukuguqula iinkqubo transistor uthumela njengomnqophiso capacitor. Ekugqibeleni ukunciphisa iibhendi ekwaziyo kabini. Ukuze yesi zabonakala ngaphantsi, kufuneka samaza enamandla.

Ukuxhathisa kwi inkqubo oscillatory nako kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Le parameter eliphezulu inqanaba ovunyelweyo ohms-10. Kungenjalo ama uphawu transistor akayi kuba nako ukudlulisa. Enye ingxaki siyifumana uphazamiso magnetic, ezifumaneka imveliso. Ukuze amise iintlobo okucoca, ingakwazi nokuginya wasebenzisa uthotho "NM". Umthwalo phezu transistors kuxhomekeke capacitor umthwalo. Xa isiphumo luvuliwe magnitoprivod, somfanekiso leyo inceda ukwehlisa uxhathiso uphawu oyifunayo.

Njani yandisa ekwenzeni?

Pulse Regulator step-phantsi ombane lidla mayixhotyiswe ekondensa "kl" series. Kulo mzekelo, bakwazi ukunceda ngokubalulekileyo uxhathiso isixhobo lwangaphakathi. Power izinto kunye iintlobo ngeentlobo babonwa. I-avareji ukumelana parameter ngonyaka malunga 2 ohms. Kuba ebonisa yobuninzi zokusebenzela kufuneka zibe resistors, abaqhagamshelwe iyunithi yolawulo uthumela uphawu sixhobo.

Inxalenye umthwalo ingaphandle ngenxa inkqubo self-induction. Apho ekuqaleni kweli capacitor. Ngenxa umda inkqubo ingxelo frequency uyakwazi ukuphumeza eminye imifuziselo 3Hz. Kulo mzekelo, intsimi magnetic kwisekethe yombane akukho isiphumo.

izinto amandla

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto amandla asetyenziswa kwi womnatha 220 V. Kulo mzekelo, ubume ukusuka umlawuli ombane bangalindela ukusebenza eliphezulu. Ukuze ukuguqula ngqo ekuthini inani transistors kule nkqubo. Power abaguquli e izinto ngamandla zisetyenziswa enqabile. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuba intuthuko enkulu. Noko ke, kunokuba badla efakwe rectifiers. Unikezelo amandla elinawo inkqubo yayo ukuhluza, leyo omeleza umda ombane le.

Kutheni ufake Amalunga ukwanda?

Amalunga Expansion asisininzi amatyala, ukudlala aphakamileyo indima somfanekiso. Elidityaniswe-hlengiso ukubetha. Ikakhulu ukumelana nezi transistors. Noko ke, amalungelo alo ukwanda kwamalungu akho-. Kulo mzekelo, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke koko izixhobo oludityaniswe kumthombo wamandla.

Ethetha kwi radio, apha ofuna indlela ekhethekileyo. Okuhlanganiswe intlokoma ezahlukeneyo zibonwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiphakati enjalo. Kulo mzekelo, amalungu ukwanda bakwazi ukunceda transistors kumgaqo ombane le. Ifaka amacebo ezongezelelweyo umxokelelwane, njengoko umthetho, le meko ayizi ngcono. Noko ke, ukuba nempembelelo enkulu ukusebenza.

Ububi iziphambuka galvanic

iseti decoupling galvanic ukugqithisa uphawu phakathi kwezakhi ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo. enkulu ingxaki wabo kubizwa ingqikelelo lobuxoki ombane igalelo. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu xa abadala imifuziselo ekwenzeni. Nabaqondisi abakwazi ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza ulwazi ukudibanisa umsebenzi capacitors. Ngenxa yoko, le ilight ayachaphazeleka kuqala. Ukuba inkqubo ukuhluza umiselwe resistors kwisekethe, ukuba nje bazitshisa.