Isixhobo sokufaka ephambili. Devices senzelwe ukufaka ulwazi

iikhompyutha Personal baye eqhelekileyo ngokwenene kutshanje. Namhlanje, i-PC, okanye kwi laptop yakho zibonwa njengoko zombane mihla, yaye iqondo ulwazi lwabasebenzisi iziseko yomsebenzi wabo ayinamsebenzi.

Ngamafutshane, abaninzi 'nabasebenzisi' yahlula imibuzo namhlanje elula, nto leyo kanye akazange esingenakubangela naliphi na yimincili. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni na icandelo esisiseko ulwazi ngegalelo? Eli gama ibukeka kuyoyikisa, ukutolika babe ezingaphezu kwesinye, kwaye ngoko ke ifuna uhlalutyo eneenkcukacha kunye nezimvo. Nangona kunjalo, kuba eli nqaku zadalwa.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba nayiphi iprosesa computer ezininzi kuThixo zamazibuko igalelo / imveliso, ekuthe "ilitye" enxibelelana izixhobo peripheral. Noko ke, apha naphaya: ezinye amazibuko ziyilelwe ngokwenene ngotshintshiselwano ngolwazi kunye kwimida, kodwa abaninzi kufuneka kubafowunelwa kunye ezahlukeneyo "iqhekeza yentsimbi 'lwangaphakathi (ikhadi levidiyo, RAM, njl ...). Le yokugqibela zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ngaphandle kwabo eqhelekileyo yokusebenza umatshini akunakwenzeka. Noko ke, konke oku ixelela yokwazisa sikolo. isixhobo sokufaka iinkcukacha kwakhona ngama namachweba.

Ntoni na ke?

Kufuneka wazi ukuba amazibuko singahlukaniswa uhlobo. Bathe parallel (ngakumbi ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba LPT1-LPT4), kunye induction zilandelelana (ukuba nokonyulwa COM1-COM3). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba udidi lokuqala sele zitshone zisabonakala: ezi amazibuko ziye ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iqela yeengxaki kunye nokusebenza. Ukongeza, COM iintlobo ikhona nje kuphela kwifom emzimbeni (isinxibelelanisi), nto leyo phantse mntu isebenzisa, kodwa ngokohlobo izibuko "yenyani". Ngenxa kubo, ingakumbi, enxulumene USB-imodem, abashicileli kunye nezinye peripherals ezinjalo.

Kodwa USB Izibuko iphambili namhlanje. Bona fast kakhulu (ingakumbi imigaqo yokugqibela), ukunika intsebenziswano inkathazo-free kunye nenani elikhulu siyawazi.

Kutheni konke oku siyakutsho kuni?

ukuqonda nje yonke ngentla ziya kukunceda yintoni na ulwazi oluphambili isixhobo sokufaka? Le nto ukuba ezinye uyicamngce Ziziphi iindlela na isixhobo enxibelelana computer. Ngoku, xa zonke "okusemthethweni" kusingathwa, ngoku lixesha lokuba adlulele isihloko iphambili kweli nqaku.

Izixhobo ukungena abo ukuba enzelwe i "utshintshelo" ulwimi lwabantu okanye izijekulo iqokelelwe kwikhowudi kumatshini ukuba khompyutha icacile. Ngoko ke, izixhobo zolwazi yokufaka zezi:

• isixhobo sokufaka iinkcukacha yezitshixo kunye like.
• izixhobo ukuskena.
• Khamera kunye video (digital, kunjalo).
• Imibhobho.
• Mouse, trackballs.
• Isixhobo kuba igalelo kwebala.

keyboards

Uyazi ulwazi lisisiseko isixhobo sokufaka? Keyboard - idivaysi ukufakwa kombhalo amanani, ezo isiseko izitshixo. Ngaphezu koko, oko ingasetyenziswa ukunikeza iimpawu ezithile ezinebhakhowudi (hotkey). Kukho kwakhona zizixhobo ube izitshixo ezongezelelweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le yokugqibela zisetyenziselwa ezinye iimpawu multimedia ethile, kwaye abakwazi (badla) self-Tyumba.

Nangona kwemizamo emihle amarhamente uthinte screens, lo ngowona keyboard - isixhobo esisiseko igalelo. Yinto elula, kufuna izakhono ezizodwa ukuze bafunde, ivumela ikhompyutha ukunxibelelana ulwazi naluphi na ulwimi nokhoyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uphuhliso kuza obabunokucingwa into lula ngakumbi yaye jikelele, kodwa kude kuyo. Namhlanje, ukuba inyanzelekile isixhobo keyboard izimvo nayiphi na ikhompyutha.

Ukuba dwelisa izixhobo igalelo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye silibale malunga keyboard, ibakala lasilela iza kunikwa.

Zabantu (iimpuku, touchpads, trackballs)

Ezi zixhobo badla idityaniswe uthotho lezibuko ye computer. Isetyenziselwa ukulawula isalathisi ikhompyutha enambuzelayo esweni okanye ukubonisa isixhobo synchronism kunye nentshukumo kwe mouse okanye uno iphedi. Phantse zonke izixhobo ezinjalo amaqhosha ezisetyenziselwa ukutshixa isikhundla esithile yesalathisi kuye. Ezi zixhobo bahlulwa babe ziindidi ezimbini - isizalwane kunye elipheleleyo.

Kude kube kamva nje, phantse zonke izilawuli beze iseti yabo abaqhubi, kodwa namhlanje, oku kusebenza kuphela zomdlalo iimpuku ukuba abe isixa esikhulu yezitshixo extra, leyo kusoloko "esile libotshelelwe" imacros zesikocan umsebenzisi self-ebhaliweyo.

impuku

Nangona angasentla (ngokumayela keyboard), abasebenzisi abaninzi kuqhelekile ukucinga ukuba isixhobo zaseprayimari igalelo - yinto mouse ukuba kumaxesha endala yiSoviet wabizwa ngokuba "iibhola». Douglas Engelbart wasungula lo isixhobo engummangaliso-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ukuze i "mouse" kancinci nje omncinci ngaphezu keyboards.

Sitsho ngengqiniseko ukuba akuyi kuba nako ukusebenza kwinkqubo ngaphandle Windows: umsebenzisi nangoko lixinga yentlaninge neefestile iimenyu ezingaphantsi. Ekubeni Linux Kuthi ezahlukeneyo, ngokuba akukho phantse yonke into enokwenziwa ukusuka console, kodwa abahleli nemizobo ngaphandle mouse nantoni na onengqondo awukwazi ukukwenza. Hayi kudala, waqhutywa yokuhlelwa, awathi "besikrekrethi" yahlulwe onobuhle amaqhosha amabini okanye amathathu. Namhlanje, le ndlela typing kuphelelwa ngokucacileyo: Classic iqhosha-amathathu mouse zifumaneka ngaphandle kwiimyuziyam kunye nemibutho ngenkxaso-mali oluncinane kakhulu. Imifuziselo mdlalo 20 (!) Buttons kunye kwisiza weqhosha wesithathu namhlanje phantse lonk ivili.

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, zingatshintshwa ukusebenza lamaqhosha. Ukongeza, namhlanje sinokufumana ezininzi izixhobo lula kakhulu izenzo ezinjalo. Ekukholelwa ukuba isalathisi engundoqo umgangatho le mouse kukusombulula wayo, nto leyo lulinganiselwa kwinani amachaphaza nge-intshi (DPI).

ngezigaba yeempuku

• izixhobo ezilungiselelwe ukufaka ulwazi. Namhlanje, phantse ziphinde zenzeke. Uphawu lwe mouse okunjalo bead rubberized imi emazantsi mouse. Amalungu amadala Khumbula kakuhle ukuba isalathisi endaweni eqhelekileyo ngokufuthi kwakufuneka ilususe ilosule kunye notywala. Ukongeza, ukuba le ndlu ibe ikati okanye inja, isixhobo rhoqo ngokungqubana yi yaguda kuyo.
• iintlobo Optomechanical. Enyanisweni, uyilo inawo onke ibhola enye, kodwa intshukumo wayo kulandelelwa ngokusebenzisa i LED yolawulo.
• Mouse Optical. Ukuhambisa isalathisi ilawulwa kuphela nabizayo kunye di- ukukhanya. Ukukhanya wenze, wenza imisebenzi ibhola enye.
• mouse Wireless. uphawu kwikhompyutha ayihambi ngokusebenzisa ucingo, kwaye nge-infrared okanye i "Ukubola Blue".

iphedi yokuchukumisa

Iphedi livela kwi yophawu. Le yokugqibela yaba "mouse in reverse" xa isalathisi ilawulwa ibhola enye kuphela. Iphedi yakhiwe kwi umgaqo eyahlukileyo kancinci, xa isalathisi isusiwe kulandela intshukumo ngomnwe kumphezulu kwebala.

Apha kwakhona, sifanele senze iyindawo kwaye kwakhona ziyathetha yophawu: Ngokungafaniyo neempuku mechanical, ezi izixhobo isasetyenziswa nangoku kwezinye uhlobo lobuchwepheshe computer, njengoko ibonelela yokubekwa ogqibeleleyo yesalathisi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimpuku, touchpads, kwiimeko ezininzi isintu impela: ngokubaxhobisa kunye nezitshixo ezongezelelweyo (hayi nje iqhosha "ekhohlo" "ekunene" yaye) kunye ibha yokuhambahamba - kuphela isazela lomenzi. Kutshanje, iphedi ayikho wayeyoliswa kakhulu labantu umsebenzi lu dityanisiwe iseti lweetekisi, yaye olu hlobo lomsebenzi, njengoko inani positives lobuxoki (ukusuka touch ekukhanyeni izandla) zaba prohibitively phezulu. imifuziselo yangoku yale ngxaki uyasinda phantse ngokupheleleyo.

izixhobo ukuskena

Yabavavanyi kufuneka iguqulelwe ngefomathi yedijithali imifanekiso, iifoto, iitekisi kunye nemizobo. Bona sele oovimba kunye namathala eencwadi, nto leyo ngokufuthi kufuneka ukuba ithwale isixa esikhulu umsebenzi enxulumene lenguqu. Ngamafutshane, ezi zixhobo kufuneka ukuba ufake iinkcukacha ngemizobo.

Uvavanyo nqubo manual (lo isixhobo esifana kakhulu abafundi yabavavanyi ezinkulu), umqulu flatbed. Maxa wambi kuza ngaphesheya imodeli yokubonisa. Kwakhona, kule amaziko mpepha ngasentla ayikho inqabile kakhulu ukubona yabavavanyi isilayidi eyenzelwe idijithali of izilayidi. Kanye le mouse, eli ndlela ziphononongwa inani pixels nge-intshi, kodwa kule meko iimpawu DPI zibaluleke: vuavanyisi nkqu itekisi abahluphekayo-wobunjani iphepha elimhlophe ngokupheleleyo lula ibe "ipapa" angafundekiyo.

photo lwedijithali iikhamera zevidiyo

Isimanga, kodwa igalelo zixhobo kwakhona iikhamera digital. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto ingaqhelekanga kule: ezi iikhamera kunye nevidiyo camera umfanekiso zaguqulwa ividiyo kwi "mzobo 'ukuba kunjalo elimnandi iziqhubekisi computer. Mu kuya kwa nshita ukukrwaqula, le ndlela ushiya akukho zimpazamo igumbi kunye uphazamiseko, ukuvumela ukuba ungaqalisa ukusebenza ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu in abahleli graphic.

Njengoko umthetho, sokudityaniswa ikhamera ukuba PC kufuna iphakheji umqhubi, apho izinto umenzi kunye neyunithi. Noko ke, iingxaki ezinjalo kuyimfuneko akunjalo rhoqo: kwanele ukususa imemori khadi uze ufunde ingcaciso evela kuyo ngqo.

imibhobho

A isixhobo umbhobho igalelo ekuthiwa ulwazi lwesandi, kuguqula intlokoma isandi ibe pulses yombane (okanye idijithali) unako ukuyiqonda esetyenziswa yi computer. Umda lokusetyenziswa aku- emabaleni; zisetyenziswa kuphela kweli shishini wokubonelwa nomabonwakude, kodwa inzululwazi. Ingakumbi imibhobho sensitive sifake nkqu isandi olukhulayo ingca, ngoko izazinzulu ukuzisebenzisa esebenzayo kakhulu.

Njengokuba besesitshilo, umgaqo amanyathelo ukuyiguqula intlokoma ive. Ukususela ngale ndlela ubuxoki elabo eninzi nemiqobo ngohlobo nokuphazamiseka eziliqela kunye ezingachanekanga kwi nokhowudo microphone umgangatho kufuneka ufezekise inani iimfuno zomthetho:

• kumgangatho wakhe kagesi umbhobho ingxolo akufuneki ziphazamise inkqubo umqondiso ezirekhodiweyo ive. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa imifuziselo zenzululwazi onovakalelo.
• I-entry iziphumo kufuneka siqulathe isixa ubuncinane Bill.
• Yonke ingcaciso ive nokunikezelwa phantse akukho ubugqwetha, leyo phantse ishenxisa ukusetyenziswa amajelo onxibelelwano ngeengcingo (uphazamiseko kunokwenzeka) kwindawo izixhobo ingakumbi entsonkothileyo kule klasi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi microphone, kodwa namhlanje uza kufumana semiconductor ezininzi kunye nemodeli electrostatic. Ezo audio isixhobo ulwazi igalelo ivumela sandi kunokwenzeka.

izixhobo woluvo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, obu bugcisa liphuhlise "ngokupheleleyo." Smartphones nolawulo touch babe phantse zonke ganda yesibini, ngoko ukuze achaze ngezinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kule ndlela ayikho olubaluleke. Ngoko ke siya kugxininisa inkcazo izixhobo ezisetyenziswa namhlanje.

digitizer

Ngoko ke, ukuba ulwazi izixhobo igalelo ziquka digitizers. Esi sixhobo senzelwe igalelo lolwazi graphic, yaye ngoko namamkelayo ingqalelo eyodwa phakathi abayili zobungcali kunye namagcisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zixhobo ziqhutywa ifomu into eyaziwa kakuhle zonke amacwecwe. Kungenxa yoko le nto badla ngokuba amacwecwe graphic.

belala zisetyenziswa computer, oopopayi kunye nophuhliso iimodeli-ntathu. Nje qaphela ukuba nje efanayo kwimeko zokwakha ezintsonkothileyo iimodeli zejiyometri digitizer - hayi isisombululo engcono. Kodwa amagcisa kwiimeko ezininzi oko ufunwayo. Loluphi uhlobo isixhobo sokufaka le hlobo ulwazi kufunyanwa kwindawo umsebenzi?

izikrini touch

Touch screens, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngentla, kuqhelekile kakhulu namhlanje. Ebubanzini lomboniso hlobo ezininzi boluvo leyo iliso-time indawo ngomnwe. Le isilawuli Iinkqubo ulwazi ezifunyenweyo ayithumele kumqhubekekisi processing lokugqibela.

Izinto eziluncedo ze touchscreens

Kuyinto isondlo lula ukuyenza ngaphandle mouse kunye nebhodi yezitshixo. Kodwa ukuba ngokunxulumene iimpuku ngokwenene kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide lenjongo touch okwazi ukwenza becela inceba iminwe. Kakhulu kubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba efanayo abo ipleyiti abantu bade abadala siqhelane ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki, apho ukusetyenziswa le mouse kufana kwisibonda ephucukileyo.

Kwezinye amashishini kwaye amayeza loo izikrini amaxesha ukhetho ekunene kuphela, ekubeni ukuba kusetyenziswe (lula ukuze sizikhusele ukufuma kunye nezinye izinto, ngokubeka engxoweni) imeko ndlongondlongo. Ukongeza, namhlanje wadala kakhulu kwiintlobo ingakumbi ezomeleleyo (ngokuba ezinjengeetheminali kanye ATM), nto leyo ukusebenza kwiindawo zoluntu. Igama ulwazi isixhobo sokufaka iinkcukacha, nto leyo isoloko isetyenziswa isethi kunye elucwecweni?

ipeni ukukhanya

Olunye uhlobo ezandleni. Ngophanya nje lweliso, ikhangeleka ngathi ipensile eqhelekileyo okanye yosiba lokubhala usiba, ucingo oludityaniswe icomputer. Ukulungisa useto kwi ebuhlanti, kukho amaqhosha eziliqela functionality evumela bungqingqwa "ukunyenyisa" isixhobo kwimeko ethile. Kwincam ipeni uba photocell, okwenza umsebenzi ofanayo naleyo "oogxa 'yakhe mouse eqhelekileyo optical. Okwangoku, le ndlela ifumaneka kuphela nje elementi digitizers. Noxa kunjalo, ezibayeni ukukhanya lusetyenziswa kakhulu zafunyanwa phakathi amagcisa zobungcali kunye nabayili.

Ezi zixhobo kwenza kube lula ukwenza i Ukulinganisa phantse echanileyo ukusebenzisa ipensile eqhelekileyo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu iingcali ezininzi.

isiphelo

Ngamafutshane, nasiphi na isixhobo sokufaka iinkcukacha umbhalo, imifanekiso okanye isandi - hayi nje abancedi yawo nawuphi na umsebenzisi, kodwa yindlela evumela ukuba emsebenzini kunye nekhompyutha. Ungabinayo keyboard inye, uya ngenkankulu kukwazi ukwenza into ebalulekileyo ngaphandle kokuchitha ngaphandle kwesizathu ingakumbi xa eninzi lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu.

Okwangoku, umsebenzi esebenzayo kakhulu oluqhubekayo sithetha nje, lujolise zokudalwa mali abatsha ukuba bangene. Ezinye izixhobo zifunyenwe yimpumelelo kakhulu, lo gama abanye bathunyelwa ukuba balinde kwamaphiko. Nokuba na, le nto ukunqanda le nkqubo, kwaye ke ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba abazukulwana zethu ziya ukukhumbula ezinye izixhobo ezidweliswe inqaku anachronism eyoyikekayo.