Isishwankathelo iNgqungquthela ngamaLungelo aBantwana eRashiya

Isishwankathelo yeNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oMntwana likuvumela ukuba akhawuleze azifundele kwisicatshulwa uxwebhu olumisiweyo, kwakunye ukufumana iimpendulo kuzo zonke imibuzo. Yaye systematization kolwazi ezifunyenweyo, kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele icandelo ngalinye ngokukodwa.

Qala: Isingeniso

I-UN Convention on the naMalungelo oMntwana, kwakunye naluphi na olunye uxwebhu kuqala iquka kwintshayelelo. nokuqulethileyo ekwavunyelwana ngawo States ukuba amaqela kwesi sivumelwano. Ngokuyintloko ujoliso ubulungisa, uxolo kunye nenkululeko wonke umntu ukukhusela isidima kunye nesidima sakhe, nokuba isini kunye nobudala, ubume ekuhlaleni okanye uhlanga.

Convention on the naMalungelo oMntwana ichaza ngokufutshane-nkqubo jikelele zentlalo womlinganiswa ngamazwe, nto leyo nayo ijolise ekukhuseleni zokulala jikelele, amalungelo kunye nenkululeko bantwana. Olu xwebhu olumisiweyo ijolise ekuxhaseni usapho nakwicandelo icandelo esisiseko yoluntu. umntwana ngamnye weli hlabathi unelungelo ukunceda nenkathalo. Xa harmonic Ukuze kwaye zombini nophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni kunye zobuqu zendalo kufuneka ningqonge ukukhathalela umntwana, ingqalelo kunye nothando. Ngokubanzi, le nkcazelo linikwa kwi Kwintshayelelo kumazwe ngamazwe.

amanqaku isingeniso, kodwa esisiseko

Isishwankathelo iNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oMntwana liquka amanqaku 54. Elinomthetho wokuqala ithi ukuba umntwana ithathwa njengokuba umntu oye attained neminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Kulo mzekelo, uxwebhu icwangcisa ephambili komthetho wesizwe, ekhomba kwiminyaka ngaphambili uninzi. Action phantsi ingqalelo PPA isebenza wonke umntwana ohlala nayiphi na kwamazwe. Imibutho yamalungelo oluntu Akukhathaliseki ukuba uhlanga nombala yesikhumba umntwana, isikhundla sakhe ekuhlaleni kunye nophuhliso engqondweni, unqulo okanye impilo.

Xa yesisombululo imiba etshisa ibunzi ezisemagunyeni amandla kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana kuqala. Xa engekho ukhuseleko eyiyo States avume ukuthatha uxanduva lokubonelela iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso yobomi inkxaso, ukhathalelo kunye nengqalelo. Ngenxa yoko, abazali okanye abagcini babafundi ukusebenzisa onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo zohlobo yolawulo okanye lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye umntwana ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ekunene. Isishwankathelo iNgqungquthela yamaLungelo aBantwana ibonisa ukuba amaqela States viva zonke izibonelelo ezikhoyo ukunika abantwana izinto eziyimfuneko.

amalungelo endalo abantwana

Icandelo elilandelayo lunikezelwa regulatory uxwebhu amalungelo bucala kwenye. Wonke umntwana, kwakunye nawuphi na umntu phezu planethi unelungelo inviolable ebomini. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa, iya efakwe inkqubo yobhaliso kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ofumana ubumi karhulumente. Ukongeza, akukho namnye unako ukuyidelela ilungelo umntwana ukunxibelelana nabazali kunye nenkathalo ngaye.

I-UN Convention on the naMalungelo oMntwana kuqinisekisa ngamnye ngamnye, nto leyo equka ngummi, ubudlelwane usapho, isimo sengqondo, izinto, uphuhliso kunye njalo njalo. ukuphazamiseka ngokungekho mthethweni kunye notshintsho ubundlobongela obuchazwe akuvumelekanga. Xa kukho isoyikiso yelahleko ungubani, urhulumente ukhusela umntwana, ukubonelela ngoncedo olufunekayo, kwakunye yokuqhelisa ukwayo violators.

malunga abazali

Isishwankathelo yeNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oMntwana ngandlel 'ithile, yaye libhekisela abazali, nenoxanduva yimfundo abaselula. Yonke UMbuso uza, kangangoko ukuthintela ukwahlulwa abantwana kubazali babo nxamnye intando yabo. Ezi nketho kuphela iimeko apho abasemagunyeni abanobuchule ukuvumela umba ilungelo lemfundo. Apha, ukuhlukana lwenzeka ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zomntwana kwi langoku nelizayo. Njengomgaqo, kule kunjalo umntwana uyaxhatshazwa, kungekhona ukuba ngenkathalo, ongahlali naye.

Kulo meko, ilungelo lokuvota kuye nawuphi na umntu onomdla onqwenela ukukhusela iimfuno zomntwana. States bathembisa ukuba bahloniphe amalungelo womntwana enxulumene kunxibelelwano unimpeded nabo. Kwimeko osithelisayo, kusenokuba ukusebenzisa ilungelo lalo, ukuba omnye okanye bobabini abazali ukuvakalisa umnqweno.

unxibelelwano Limited kunye nabazali unokulandela, kusekelwe kwizigqibo-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, umzekelo, ngenxa entolongweni, ukugxothwa, ukugxothwa, ukufa. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana ufikelela yonke ingcaciso eyimfuneko malunga kanti isalamane sabo. Xa olu lwazi olusana de yobudala emntaneni xa nkcazelo ichaphazele uphuhliso ubuntu kunye nentlalo-ntle umntwana.

Ngomhla indima eendaba

Convention on the naMalungelo oMntwana (kunyaka wokwamkelwa - th 1989) ibonisa ukubaluleka kwabeendaba ekuqinisekiseni iimeko ngokwaneleyo ubomi bomntwana zonke. Ukongeza, le mibutho kufuneka babonelele ngokufikeleleka idatha unesimilo zamazwe ngamazwe nezesizwe. La manyathelo ijolise ekudaleni kakuhle ukuba kwakunye engqondweni nasemzimbeni ezempilo ekuhlaleni, ukuziphatha nangokomoya umntwana.

Ukuze kuphunyezwe manyathelo angentla, i States amaQela avume ukukhuthaza isivumelwano:

• Media ukuba Ukusasaza ulwazi kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko, simlungele umntwana kwintsimi zenkcubeko nezentlalo.
• Ukusasazwa iincwadi zabantwana yaye enxulumene imisebenzi yakhe wobugcisa.
• Distribution, uqeqesho, utshintshiselwano ngolwazi eya kuzuza umntwana. Ugxininiso oluthile kubekwa phezu ukusasazwa namasiko kumazwe angaphandle, zesizwe kunye nemithombo ngamazwe.
• Ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zolwimi umntwana.
• Ukhuselo data kwaye ulwazi olunokuba yingozi kuphuhliso ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha umntwana.

uxanduva lobuzali

Convention on the naMalungelo oMntwana ngokufutshane ibonisa ukuba ukwayo isicelo abazali zentsebenzo ngokungafanelekanga kwemisebenzi kwezemfundo. States sinembopheleleko ukuba benze zonke iinzame ukuqinisekisa uxanduva olulinganayo, okuqhelekileyo alinganayo umzali ngamnye ekukhuleni komntwana. Ngaphezu koko, nabondli, ngubani na isiko umthetho othile wathabatha uxanduva yemfundo, kufuneka bohlwaywe xa kuthe yokusebenza ngokungafanelekanga imisebenzi.

Kwelinye icala, i-Convention on the yamaLungelo oMntwana ngo-1989 ibonisa imfuno uncedo efanayo ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa imfundo efanelekileyo. amanyathelo nezakhiwo ke uphuhliso lwezibonelelo labantwana: eziguqulweyo, izikolo, iilayibrari, iikliniki njalo njalo. Ukongeza, i-arhente amandla igalelo yokuba abantwana banolwazi lwamalungelo abo kunye bakwazi ukusebenzisa kwezibonelelo.

yokuvikela abantwana

Isishwankathelo iNgqungquthela yamaLungelo umntwana kubonisa imfuno ukukhusela komntwana ngamnye ngokokuziphatha emzimbeni. Urhulumente ubophelelekile ukuba lithathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko: zolawulo, zemfundo, zentlalo, ukhuseleko lolwaphulo-mthetho kuzo zonke iintlobo iimpembelelo ezimbi. Engqondweni nasemzimbeni gadalala, ukuxhatshazwa kunye gadalala ngokwesondo, nokuba ndiyagxekwa, ukuphatha bekrwada okanye bonwabile - umntwana kufuneka zikhuselwe kuzo zonke ezi zinto, kwakunye ngabazali, abagcini babafundi kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente.

ukukhuselwa ngokukhethekileyo

I-Convention amalungelo umntwana kwi iziqinisekiso IsiRashiya ukuya zonke iimeko ezincinane zophuhliso kunye nemfundo. Xa umntwana eshiywe ngaphandle ukulondolozwa ngabazali kunye nothando, ngaphandle bume intsapho okanye ekucaca ukuba imiphumela emibi amagunya amandla zinyanzelekile ukukhusela kuyo. Wonke umntwana unelungelo nangaliphi na ixesha, ukuba babuyele imizimba amalungelo oluntu, ukuba bafumane inkathalo noncedo.

ukukhathalela umntwana ngumthetho wesizwe

ukhathalelo State xa kuthe zokulahleka ukulondolozwa ngabazali kuquka begazi, ukwamkelwa okanye ezinye iintlobo umxholo kunye nophuhliso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuphunyezwa kwiimeko ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo iimpawu umntwana ngamnye: imvelaphi yakhe uhlanga, imfundo yangaphambili, yesazisi enkolo nenkcubeko. Kunyanzelekile ukuba urhulumente lagunyaziswa ukuba liqulunqe umgaqo-nkqubo lwentlalo ngokubhekiselele iinkedama nabantwana washiywa ngaphandle ukulondolozwa ngabazali. Qho ngonyaka oko kuyimfuneko ukwenza iqela lemisebenzi ukunceda abaselula ukufumana indawo yazo ebomini.