Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, Suzdal: ifoto, idilesi, abavula, imbali

Ukuba kwakukho isixeko ngokwaso imyuziyam, lo Suzdal. imbali yayo engenakulibaleka akuzange nje zigcinwe yemihla, kodwa thaca namhlanje ezikhumbuzo amakhulu mathathu eziyinxalenye Vladimir-Suzdal entsonkothileyo bokwakha bamandulo.

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius - enye ezikhumbuzo zindala izakhiwo, nto leyo eye imbali yaso "ebomini", njengoko esixekweni ngokwayo.

Suzdal

Rich Suzdal yaba yinxalenye enkulu Kievan Rus, kodwa unyaka ekusekweni mzi ayaziwa. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala kukhankanywa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-11 kwi yemihla, ubalisa ibali Sasungulwa izixholoxholo.

Yasekwa ngonyaka ka kwisayithi ye zokuhlala yorhwebo ngaphambili, Suzdal waqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. waqala ukwakha yayo, njengemizi ixesha elininzi, kunye yesicelo, nto leyo eyenziwe yajikeleza amakhaya. Suzdal waqhubeka isicwangciso sophuhliso enye, njengoko kwakunjalo Kwamandulo, nangona itshiswe emhlabeni izihlandlo eziliqela.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala oku kwenzeke ngenxa embambanweni yoluntu ye Chernigov Prince Oleg kunye iindlalifa Vladimira Monomaha. Yakhiwe kwakhona, Suzdal kwagqityelwa itshiswe yi-Mongols ngo-1238. ngexesha layo entsha kwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-14, xa nje umzi bazizityebi, kodwa iziko wonqulo lwamaKristu. Ngokomzekelo, wakha ngo-1352 Monastery of Saint Euthymius, iitempile amaninzi tenements kunye Pokrovsky Monastery umdla zihamba amakholwa kulo lonke eRashiya.

Emva eMoscow waba site iinkosana Moscow, Suzdal waphulukana isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala, waba nedolophu, ngoko namhlanje imyuziyam bokwakha wokwenene. Mveliso iye asichukunyiswa le ndawo intle, ngoko ke gem ye kubakhenkethi indlela odumileyo "The Golden Ring of Russia".

isigodlo Building

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, ogama imbali lisukela emva kwenkulungwane ye-14, yasekwa yomthetho Prince Boris, owayelawula ngexesha i Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal ukubusa. Ekuqaleni ukuba igama Kumbi boMsindisi, kodwa ukukhunjulwa Abbot Euphemia, ngubani intloko phezu engama-50, iye igama. Ekuqaleni eyenziwe ngomthi, ka Saint Euthymius weemonki ngokutsha kwakhona ngenkulungwane ye-16 kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezitena kule fomu wasinda kude kube namhlanje.

Indawo woonongendi phezu lomlanjana Kamenka, kwaye kwicala langasentla yomzi kubaluleke qhinga. Okufakwe yi udonga ezinqatyisiweyo neenqaba ezinde wabasiki mitha 1200, Monastery of Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) yaba inqaba idabi lokwenene ekukhuseleni abahlali basezidolophini.

Ezi iindonga woonongendi zakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha, ne-12 iimboniselo kunye eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo ngelo xesha enamandla kakhulu kwiphondo Vladimir. I inkulu Yinqaba uhambo, okuphakama kweemitha-22. Yeyona isango le tempile, nangona ekwakhiweni kwayo lenza lo msebenzi Gate Church of the Annunciation, leyo wangena Monastery of Saint Euthymius yaye ngaphakathi kweendonga. Ngelo xesha iingxaki ukwakhiwa someleza loo woonongendi yaba yimfuneko, kuba e-Orthodox amabandla sasindiselwa ekuhlaseleni bahlaseli.

izakhiwo emishini: i yoTshintsho Cathedral

Namhlanje i Monastery of Saint Euthymius (Suzdal town) iye 14 zesikhumbuzo zokwakha, ezo nto zombini kakuhle.

Isakhiwo ilitye yokuqala yaba Church of the uMsindisi, yayakhiwe kwiminyaka 1507-1511 phezu kulahlwe umphathi wokuqala woonongendi - Euphemia. Xa loMsindisi yoTshintsho Cathedral, iye ingene nesakhiwo sayo ukuba indlwana yakhiwa ngo-1564.

Namhlanje ke kuphela yecawa lwangoku, kodwa isakhiwo ekhethekileyo bokwakha, apho esekelwe wadala ngenkulungwane ye-16. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ekupeyinteni iindonga wenza iinkosi ezinkulu evela Kostroma imikhosi Savina kunye Guriem Nikitinym (iminyaka 17). Xa intliziyo esekelwe - biography of St. Euthymius, yaye lo mfanekiso ka-Grand Prince Vsevoloda Vladimirskogo. Imifanekiso zookumkani uMikhail Fedorovich kunye Alexei Mikhailovich kwakhona inxalenye yebali olunombala mfanekiso wasedongeni ebewenza.

Le ndlu yecawa emhlophe-ilitye ezintle, inxalenye Monastery of Saint Euthymius e Suzdal (idilesi ogama: uLenin Street, 148a), i indawo yokugcina izinto ezingcwele St. Euphemia. Ukuba mandibuthe eyenziwe 1823 a reliquary yesilivere.

Kwakhona, i yoTshintsho Cathedral yindawo yokungcwaba Dmitriya Pozharskogo kunye nentsapho yakhe. Apha agcinwe impahla, ezinikelwe yecawa - sisigubungelo, elileledini inkosana ngokobuqu ezimfakamfele ngumfazi wakhe, yaye iVangeli kunye nombhalo.

emnyango ende

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinqaba igalelo ngokumila square. It igcwele lwezitena ezibomvu kunye ngokomfanekiso yahlulwe kabini. Inxalenye esezantsi esinzima nangakumbi bandwidth yaye iquka zicatshulwa ezimbini enhle eKyoto phezu kwabo.

Inxalenye engentla kwenqaba ebukekayo ngakumbi. Ekubeni wabonwa kude (kwisakhiwo ukuphakama kuyimitha 22), i-enamanqanaba phezulu ihonjiswe architraves kunye 'ibhanti' eyenziwe ngezitena, leyo wayinika i "ukuqaqamba 'ezithile nobabalo.

Igcina yokungena tower uphahla hipped. Ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukuba zonakaliswe umphezulu yaye akazange zibuyiselwe iminyaka emininzi. Ukubuyiselwa okwenziwa ngo 1860, kodwa walondoloza kakuhle.

Namhlanje, nezingqameko ukuhamba on-site ziinkonzo itikiti kunye ethengisa iincwadi.

Woonongendi intsimbi nqaba

ibandla nganye yokukhala yayo ezohlukileyo iintsimbi, kunye Suzdal Monastery of Saint Euthymius akukho ngaphandle. Belfry ekwakhiweni Orthodox ngokwayo ibali lonke, njengoko yakhiwe kwaye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo bokwakha.

Ingxenye yokuqala yale Belfry - ekuthiwa-intsimbi stolpovaya Church of Ioanna Predtechi. Isakhiwo inobuso 9, nto leyo aziqhelekanga intsimbi inqaba njengesiqhelo, lihlale noba inani engile. Ngokutsho legend, igama layo ezinxulumene nokuzalwa kaYohane 4.

Small ngobukhulu, intsimbi icawa ibiya bavume ezo grand kunye nookumkani.

Kuyinto gallery apho umthetheli ukuba akazubhaqwa, ukuthintela bahambi ezininzi kunye namakholwa. Idibanisa ibandla kunye nendlu arhimadrita kunye iwotshi inqaba. Iintsimbi kwenkulungwane ye-16, ngelishwa, hayi yagcinwa njengoko lwathunyelwa isinyibilikise ngo-1932. Ngaphambili, baba uphawu abazalwana ukuba baye kwisidlo okanye umthandazo. Namhlanje, isandi kweentsimbi ufowunele othembekileyo kwinkonzo kwi yoTshintsho Cathedral ekufuphi.

Inkolelo Refectory Church

Malunga Belfry kwingcinga refectory ibandla, leyo yenye yokuqala kwizakhiwo ententeni bokwakha eRashiya. Yakhiwa 1525 kwaye kwicala elinye indlwana ngokohlobo intsika-ezifana ibandla, ogama lakhe behlonipha ngegorha Diomede, yaye kwelinye - igumbi le refectory ukuba wakhwela eluphahleni.

Inxalenye esezantsi lendela esetyenziselwa iimfuno zekhaya, ngoxa, edulusele endlwini yaba refectory.

Le ibandla bendawo ekufuphi nebheyi umzimba arhimandritsky, elakhiwa ekuqaleni iimfuno wokulondoloza imali, kodwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaba Archimandrite ephilayo, kwaye yaba isakhiwo zokuhlala. Eyakhiwe ngayo imilo le leta "G", izindlu uba gallery ngamaplanga ukuba "indawo yokuhamba-hamba", ethi ixhaswe iintsika zamatye.

Ngelo xesha refectory ibandla kwingcinga lwalupayintiwe ngaphakathi kunye esekelwe, ethe yachitheka ukuya namhlanje.

St Nicholas ibandla

Icawa yokuqala Nikolaya Chudotvortsa yenziwa ngomthi kwaye yakhiwe ngokunxulumene ukwandiswa woonongendi namanje umphathi wokuqala. Ekubeni Monastery of Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) Kwazeka kude ngaphaya kwemida yayo, kwiimonki ezininzi omtsha ukukhonza uYehova kule ndawo phantsi kolwalathiso ngumcebisi sisilumko.

Church of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa ibiphantsi efihlakeleyo elikhulu, lo refectory saqhotyoshelwa kuyo, nto leyo zamkele baninzi abantu ngaxeshanye. Ibizwa ngokuba ibandla esibhedlele, njengoko kwakunjalo kufutshane umzimba kunye iiseli ngayo iimonki abagulayo, walala ziindwendwe weemonki.

Stone Church of St Nicholas, kunye nezakhiwo zawo esibhedlele ezayameneyo, waza wakhulela 1669. Siqulathe ibandla angqukuva olunye-kunye olungaphambili ukuba zinokuhonjiswa zakomary kwaye trims kunye neempawu ezintsha.

Le nkonzo ke yabuyiselwa kubini, yaye kowama-2000 liye lathatyathelw ngokupheleleyo uphahla somthi ayiqabe yonke olungaphambili.

yamangcwaba Pozharskys

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, idilesi yakhe: Region Vladimir, Suzdal, uLenin Street, 148a, yaba indawo yokuphumla hero enkulu Russian Dmitriya Pozharskogo kunye nentsapho yakhe. Yena ke wangcwatywa-1642, yaye phezu ingcwaba lonyana wakhe uYohane, nomtshana Pet Hovansky, iindwalutho ezukileyo, wakha engcwabeni. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka eli-100 engcwabeni undilibele, waqalisa ukuya kuwela lutshabalale, ngenxa ke wachithwa, kwaye ilitye yasetyenziselwa iimfuno weemonki.

Ngowe-1851, Count zakudala Uvarov ndiziphethe hambo ukuba Monastery of Saint Euthymius, yaye nguye wafumanisa iintsalela a crypt kunye namangcwaba ezine zamatye. Ababini kwabo behlelo unyana nanzalo Dmitriya Pozharskogo, nababini - uTshawe yena kunye nenkosikazi yakhe.

Ngo-1852, zonke emangcwabeni zavuleka kwaye ngocoselelo eluviweni. Ngaloo ndlela, kungenzeka ukufumana nguwuphi kubo nguDmitry Pozharsky. Wayeqondakalaliswe yi isinxibo ngokuyinxenye igcinwe.

Phezu kumabhodlo ezinkonzweni requiem kuqhutywa, emva koko zonke mangcwaba baphinde-zivaliwe, kwaye ngaphezu kwabo 1858 saqalisa ukwakha yamangcwaba ngokuyalelwa soMhlekazi Alexander 2. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa ngeendleko iminikelo zabantu. Ukwahlula yamangcwaba lwaqhutywa ngo-1885.

Ngexesha yatshatyalaliswa engcwabeni leSoviet kwakhona, njengokuba ngowe-1933, looNongendi of Saint Euthymius waba entolongweni amabanjwa ezopolitiko.

Kwiminyaka 70 kwinkulungwane yama-20 phezu kwendawo yokungcwaba Pozharsky ilitye lesikhumbuzo ifakiwe, yaye kuphela ukusukela ngo-2007 yaqala ukubuyisela ngqo yamangcwaba kwezicwangciso lokusinda, imizobo kunye iifoto. Namhlanje, yena yinxalenye kwisakhiwo yokwakha le Monastery.

nqaba ejele

Ukususela ngo-1766, xa woonongendi wabonakala ongaphakathi, ngokusekelwe ummiselo Catherine 2. Ekuqaleni, oko ibiya bavukeli "crazy", phakathi amafama kuphela babengekho, kodwa kubantu olinene, umzekelo, i-Decembrist Prince Peter Shakhovskoy.

Kamva, loo nto ibiya abefundisi umwexuki ukwahlukana, yaye ukususela 1923 ukuya 1939, iye yaba yinto yokwambathisa amabanjwa ezopolitiko.

Namhlanje, kula iindonga iyimyuziyam lwe memory kwamabanjwa njengoko amaxesha komlawuli Russia kunye ingcinezelo Stalin kaThixo. Ukucaciswa lolondolozo lwembali ukunika ulwazi malunga nobomi, iminyaka entolongweni kunye nokufa "abemi" bayo edumileyo, izazinzulu phakathi kwabo, abalweli kunye nezo abefundisi.

complex emaqandeni

Le ezintsonkothileyo ekuthiwa emaqandeni wayakha, leyo izindlu iiseli lendela. Elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-17, loo nto isakhiwo engqongqo, ezo ke trims uhombiso kuphela iimpawu ezintsha kwi-windows.

Esi sakhiwo enemigangatho emibini, eyakhiwe ukuma ileta "G", uManeki owayame eludongeni elingasempuma weemonki. iiseli ezincinci indawo ziimonki wedwa, yaye namhlanje ukuba zingajongwa ukuba ukwazi ubomi babo eMonastri ngelo xesha.

Towers kunye neendonga

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius (photo iyakungqina oku) de kube namhlanje waqhubeka iinqaba zayo iindonga. Bonke bephela, ngaphandle igalelo babe imilo setyhula amakroba. Nangona iindonga banikwa yakhelwe ijikeleze enamandla, zange sanyanzeleka ukuba zokungqinga.

Abakhi ngenkulungwane ye-17 xa kwazithathela ingqalelo izinto ukwakhiwa ngengingqi apho isakhiwo Orthodox. Ngenxa yoko, elibheke umlambo Kamenka udonga, ephantsi kakhulu, kodwa ke kwicala langasezantsi elibheke entilini. Apha, ubume iphezulu kwaye ziyatyeba kakhulu, ukuba liyakwazi ukumelana nomlilo imipu.

Ubude 1200 seemitha ngeendonga, nto leyo ngaloo mihla yayigqalwa ebalulekileyo yokwakha ngoyaba kunye eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo, eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo nawazibonayo iinqaba.

Vladimir-Suzdal complex

Vladimir-Suzdal Museum Historical yasekwa ngo-1958. Oku kuquka ezikhumbuzo yokwakha izakhiwo Old Russian womzi Vladimir, Suzdal kunye Bogolyubov.

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius yaba yinxalenye Museum-Reserve 1968 yayikumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu, ekubeni iminyaka engaphezu kwama-45 yena entolongweni ngenxa amabanjwa ezopolitiko, le abaphuli-mthetho abasebatsha.

Ukubuyiselwa woonongendi kuvunyelwa ukuba ugcine le lesikhumbuzo zembali zakhiwo, nto leyo ngoku ezityelelwe amawaka abakhenkethi abasuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

isigodlo namhlanje

amadoda Engasebenziyo namhlanje Monastery of Saint Euthymius, ogama iiyure zomsebenzi - ukususela 10.00 ukuya 18.00 (yonke imihla ngaphandle ngoMvulo), emehlweni abatyeleli ikonsathi iintsimbi yonke iyure aziwayo ezininzi.

Ukususela ngo-1991, woonongendi yadweliswa yeLifa leMveli kwiHlabathi UNESCO kwaye uye wafumana iwonga kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe yimyuziyam.