Kumbi Monastery e Yaroslavl: idilesi, iifoto

Kumbi Monastery e Yaroslavl na isakhiwo indala esixekweni. kunyaka 1186 Ixesha lokuqala kubhaliwe kwathiwa kwi Chronicle, yomhla. Nakuba kunjalo, eminye imithombo babanga ukuba yasekwa kwinkulungwane XIII. Mhlawumbi oku asinguwo umhla omkhulu nokwakhiwa yokuqala iitempile ilitye kummandla woonongendi zakhiwa kule minyaka 1216-1224. Oku kungqinwa amaxwebhu amaninzi. abakhenkethi abaninzi tyelela intshukumisa wezikhova ka Yaroslavl. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo, iifoto zayibonayo ncwadana, yatsala nabo ubuhle bayo, ngokukodwa - umfanekiso izakhiwo weemonki iyingangamsha.

History of indalo

Ukuze sinengcamango yokuba indawo ngqo ze woonongendi, kuyimfuneko ukwazi apho Yaroslavl kwimephu of Russia. Isixeko ukwakweli Kotorosl emlanjeni, kufuphi clearings ehlathini, yaye libhekisela kumaziko enkcubeko ezikhulu zaseYurophu. Phezu kodonga lasekhohlo, kwaye yoTshintsho Monastery e Yaroslavl yakhiwa. INcwadi yeeDilesi ye le umdla .. ndawo Epiphany, njl 25 Ekuqaleni, zonke izakhiwo kunye iindonga zazenziwe ngamaplanga. Kwinkulungwane XIII woonongendi lafumana ukusekelwa Prince Constantine of Yaroslavl, ngokwemiyalelo ezazakhiwe apho isakhiwo ilitye, itempile. Ngenxa Yaroslavl kwirhuluneli apha uye wavula yonqulo esikolweni - kuphela kumntla-mpuma mmandla yaseRashiya. Xa Spassky Monastery yaba ithala leencwadi osisityebi, iindidi, iincwadi Russian Greek ezibhalwe ngesandla. Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo yaba liziko inkcubeko kunye neyenkolo mmandla. Ekuqaleni-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane XVIII ke apha ukuba ungumqokeleli zakudala Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin wafunyanwa uluhlu "Lay" kunokuba kuqhayisa ezinye yoonongendi ka Yaroslavl.

incazelo jikelele

Okwangoku, i yoTshintsho Monastery e Yaroslavl ngumbutho mandulo, nto leyo iye yafikelela imihla yethu. Kuye nakhelwe phezu kwelitye lesiseko loonongendi yokuqala eliseleyo 1506-1516 thuba. Le ndlu yecawa lokuqala kakubi zokutshiswa ngumlilo ngo-1501, ngoko kuyanyanzeleka ukuba aludilize. Icawa entsha ayizange kwakhiwa e Yaroslavl, kunye baziinkosi zabo eMoscow, wathumela ukusuka kwikomkhulu kwi kolwalathiso Basil III, kuba phambi kokuba eqhineni etroneni Prince Yaroslavl imigaqo. Ifom yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo woonongendi thile efanayo kuwo amabandla Moscow yesicelo. Le ndlu yecawa singqongwe igalari onamacala amabini, ine- Arcade evulekileyo. Gallery wakha endaweni 'malanga "evulekileyo, yena ixesha elide ixesha waba elinguvimba weencwadi kwiZiko leeNcwadi weemonki. Namhlanje, kunye archways ze kwigalari lasentla walala.

Isithunzela isonto kuyabonakala kwaye obungqabangqaba, ukuba phantse akanayo yomhombiso ngaphandle ukuba iigalari uphumile ukusuka entshonalanga. Olungaphambili ezigqityiweyo zakomaras ezinkulu Wakhanyela design virtuoso. Ezintathu iifestile abade imxinwa khona apse zixhotyiswe nge amakroba. Le ndlu yecawa ebekwa izahluko ezithathu phezu ekwazi elikhulu eliphezulu-ukukhanya, ezo singqongwe iimpawu ezincinane ezintsha yaye ebhinqe iibhanti arkaturno-columnar top. Oku wakrola umhombiso - yeyokuhombisa yecawa kuphela. Ezinye ingaphandle umhombiso woonongendi kukuthi kunene engqongqo, obungqabangqaba, iingxelo ubungqongqo kwamaxesha etempileni lakhiwa. Wangaphantsi le ndlu yecawa yayisetyenziswa njengendawo owakhiwe yokungcwaba yezikhulu Yaroslavl, kwaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII bekukho elangcwabekayo ngaphantsi basebukhosini. Esinye sezixeko zokuqala waba ezininzi izakhiwo woonongendi, waba Yaroslavl. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo - photo sibonisa ukuba - kube ngumphumo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha kunye nokubuyiselwa yamandulo.

Church e woonongendi

Evela ngasemazantsi-mpuma we-Kumbi Cathedral ekufuphi nebheyi icawa enkulu isimbo uBukhosi, leyo yakhiwa ngo-1827-1831. ngokungqinelana noMthetho oyilwayo wezakhiwo yephondo Petra Yakovlevicha Pankova. It avale ngokupheleleyo Ngenxa Cathedral yamandulo ngecala lasezantsi. Phambi kule ndawo kwakukho ibandla elincinane abangena eYerusalem, yayingunyaka efanayo njengoko yecawa yokuqala. Kungenxa kuwo esafunyanwa esele abasebenzi ummangaliso Yaroslavl - Prince Holy Theodore noonyana bakhe - UDavide uConstantine.

A umlilo 1501, uye naye ubunzima, kodwa hayi kakhulu njengoko yecawa ngokwayo, ngoko kwakukho malunga neminyaka elikhulu, kude, kwada kwagqitywa ekubeni ndiwakhe. Woonongendi kunye nebandla zaye ingakumbi wawongwa abathetheli eMoscow. Nkqu Ivan Grozny ngokwakhe akukho kanye waya kubo. Kukuthatha kwakhe, lo yecawa lwalupayintiwe, woonongendi wabhiyozela izipho, kunjalo, kusekho 55 isibonelelo amaxhwebhu yasebukhosini.

Woonongendi intsimbi nqaba

Kulo XVI Ngenkulungwane kwindawo ye weemonki kwakhiwa enkulu intsimbi inyango, mhlawumbi, intsika-ezifana ekuqalekeni, kwaba inxibelelene Cathedral kwibhanka igalari. Emazantsi ngesakhiwo yeemanyano ibandla, apse yayo iyabonakala oku namhla empumalanga. Phakathi kwentsimbi nenqaba ngenkulungwane XVI yandiswa, wenza yokuhamba, uvutho- phezulu iintente ezimbini ezenziwe ngamatye. Nakwiingqameko zalo kwenqanaba lokuqala, isakhiwo eso kufanelekile ngokucacileyo zibonakala ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Modern look belfry owalwamkelayo ngenkulungwane XIX, ngaxeshanye kunye kwakusakhiwa itempile imbeko abasebenzi ummangaliso. Ngokutsho iingcamango womzobi ngu- Kirkorov ke wakha phezu wesithathu kwi indlela pseudo-zwe. Phezulu sifake rotunda encinane lohlobo olungagqibekangaName. Oku eclectic kangangoko "wayekhulile," waya kuthi, lokuba eziphakamileyo iziko nal enkulu Yaroslavl.

refectory

Kwi kwinxalenye yasentshona belfry, ndinibumbela indawo weemonki, sifakelwe refectory kakhulu imigangatho ezimbini kunye nebandla leKrismesi. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane XVI, mhlawumbi phambi yecawa ngokwayo. Iziko le sakhiwo siqulathe abanzi yeNtsika-Enye Chamber of neengqameko eluhlobo iseyile. Bekufanele ukuba imisitho zindwendwe ezibalulekileyo, amanyathelo refectory ubuzalwana omkhulu emishini. Nasemagumbini nakwiindonga zendawo amagumbi zophondo ngokutyebileyo kunye ngemizobo. Ubuhle kunye nomhlaba, le refectory yaba izakhiwo ngcono eyinkunzi ixesha layo. Ngoko ke, lo ubushushu waya phakathi kwale migodi emlilweni lokuphekela, imi emazantsi izitya bakhonza ukusuka kwindlu ngokusebenzisa izivingco ngokukhethekileyo ngokwaneleyo. Basezantsi yaba ekhitshini kunye eluncedo igumbi - yokugcina, kvasovarnya. Kumgangatho wesibini yalungiselelwa kwaye zokuhlala. Kwinxalenye esempuma kwesakhiwo ongaphuhliswanga Church refectory ye Yokuzalwa. Oku ezincinane etempileni, leyo, ibimi ekuphakamiseni kwendlu. Ukususela entshonalanga emagumbini House wajoyina Umphathi kwenkulungwane XVII. Iindonga Walahla nohombisoa obalaseleyo, ngaphandle architraves ezilula pilasters.

OyiNgcwele Gates of the Monastery

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI, endaweni ucingo eyakhelwe isakhiwo ngamatye ngamaplanga, yaye phakathi kwabo Gates oyiNgcwele olugqibeleleyo. Ekuqaleni udonga wasempuma kufutshane belfry, kwaye ngoku kwimigca yayo evuthelweyo efakiweyo lwezindlu yokuthintela sharing-1670-1790. Ngowe-1516 wakha iindonga yokuqala nenqaba lilitye woonongendi - ngakwiSango oyiNgcwele, koko bahamba baya elunxwemeni lomlambo Kotorosl. Kulo XVII Ngenkulungwane ndiyakhele ngakumbi Belfry, inkenteza inyango, lo ukhethekileyo alarm intsimbi alarm imiyalezo, ngaphandle kwenqaba eyaqhotyoshelwa Dhahab - uhlobo zokuzikhusela yesakhiwo, ohlanganisa emnyango ukusuka kunokwenzeka ekuhlaseleni kotshaba. Ende kucingelwa ukuba kwifoya yomnyango, kunye layo isango liselikho imveliso kumbindi mmandla weemonki. Ntlandlolo oko Wayengqongwe ibhanti unamazinyo, ugcinwe ngoku kuphela ezantsi. Ngu phakathi kwenkulungwane XVII phezu kwiSango oyiNgcwele, ngaphandle ezinde sentinel, wabeka Vvedenskuju Gate Church kunye isiphelo ekwimo intente, leyo sele kakhulu zakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIX, indawo uphahla wentente hipped kwakudala.

History of izakhiwo

Ngokuthe ngcembe (1550-1580-sharing.) Zonke iindonga oqingqiweyo ka woonongendi kwafakwa ngamatye. Umda woonongendi ngelo xesha kwenzeka kwicala lasempuma, apho namhlanje amalungiselelo ngasese lwezindlu. Iindonga zamatye Solid baba luncedo kakhulu, kuba ngowe-1609 bafudukela Yaroslavl amajoni Polish-Lithuanian. Wangqingwa ke umzi ngokwayo, Noko ke, ngenxa kwilungiselelo macala incwadi yesicelo kunye woonongendi sele wema dvadtsatichetyrehdnevnuyu nasekuxinweni, wahlala elingoyiswayo. Ngowe- 1612, xa oyiNgcwele yoTshintsho Monastery wafaka iingqwayi wamajoni Russian Prince Dmitriya Pozharskogo kunye obuthile Kozma Minin. Emva konyaka, kuba ngokwayo ibekwa uMikhail Romanov weza Yaroslavl. Kumbi Monastery honors isithsaba umlawuli elizayo. Mhlawumbi oku kuchaza ukusekelwa elide losapho lobukumkani Spassky Monastery.

Zokukhetha nezindlu ezintsha nokwakhiwa

Ekupheleni iiNkathazo Kumbi Monastery e Yaroslavl kwintsimi landayo. Siqalise ukwakha iindonga ezintsha, baxhotyiswa ezinde. Kwisayithi kodonga omdala elisempuma iyakhiwa umzimba kunokuba elide kunye iiseli (kwi-1670 kunye 1690 kaThixo.).

Esi sakhiwo grand lwenzelwe kakuhle yokuhlala lelokuphumza;

• I saba zivula;
• ezifakelwe kwizinyuko yangaphakathi:
• ifakwe owakhelwe ngaphakathi wardrobes;
• Kwakufuneka iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ukuze isibini ngasinye iiseli.

Xa isivingco woonongendi basinda, hayi zonke ezinde, ezinye ezo kamva dismantled.

Wanyamezela la maziko alandelayo:

1. Michael kaThixo Tower.
2. Bogoroditskaya Tower.
3. Uglich Tower.
4. Epiphany Tower.
5. Gates oyiNgcwele.
6. KweSango laManzi.

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa weemonki

Kwinkulungwane XVIII woonongendi wabhangiswa ngokungqinelana ngengqibo uCatherine II, ukuze ndivakalise secularization zamazwe zecawa. Kumbi Monastery e Yaroslavl waba yokuhlala abakhulu ka Yaroslavl kunye Rostov. Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwinkulungwane XIX sele yenziwe ngokungqinelana iimbono zeNdlu Bishops. Owayesakuba sigodlo nangoku likwaneklinkhi ilayibrari osisityebi - ilayibrari, emva koko wavula kunye sobufundisi. Ngesi Yaroslavl kwimephu of Russia belubhiyozelwa njenge-asethi zenkcubeko.

Kumaxesha Soviet, woonongendi yavalwa. Ngexesha Yaroslavl mvukelo izakhiwo ezininzi wabandezeleka kakhulu, kodwa kwakhona alungisiweyo 1920. Iitempile kunye kwiiseli ze Spaso-Preobrazhensky weemonki yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala, izikolo, i-ofisi isosha emkhosini. Kwaye kwenziwe kuphela kunye 1950 ngaphandle ukubuyiselwa epheleleyo, apha kwagqitywa ukubeka Yaroslavl Historical kunye Zokwakha Museum-Reserve. Nguye umnini ngokupheleleyo kumabala weemonki unanamhla. Esi sakhiwo grand ngumzi odumileyo kakhulu Yaroslavl. Kumbi Monastery, ifoto yayo uchazwe apha ngasentla, - isakhiwo ekhethekileyo, elijongeka mkhulu ngokwenene yaye omkhulu.