Inkqubo yemali ye-Russian Federation

Inkqubo yemali yeli lizwe - ziphuhliswa phezu uphuhliso wembali ngefom lombutho ejikeleza emali, ebonakala ngu kwimeko ethile kwaye ngokusemthethweni kumGaqo emthethweni.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkqubo yemali yeli lizwe landela omnye komnye njengoko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo yembali imisebenzi imali ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Njengomgaqo, ngokulandelelana indawo yinkqubo imali sisinyithi kule nkqubo ngemali yokuthenga ngetyala imali kunye nephepha apho yigolide ejikeleza abafudukayo ngokupheleleyo.

Le nkqubo wemali karhulumente kuthetha ubukho ezithile ngoku, izinto ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zemali, isikali ixabiso, imboleko okanye izixhobo karhulumente kunye nenkqubo ukukhutshwa.

Lwemali - lufumanisa inowuthi bank karhulumente, apho units zibonakaliswa onke amaxabiso naziphi na iimpahla.

Inkqubo yemali ye-Russian Federation kwi langoku nqanaba iphawulwa eziliqela iimpawu ezizinzileyo, ezifana nezi zilandelayo. Okokuqala, oko akukho liphepha esemva yegolide kunye nemali mboleko (amanqaku ibhanki zaba igolide ayikwazi kuba). Namhlanje, kukho umkhwa ngcembe malunga abolekisa ngemali ngaphandle zeengxoxo igolide kwaye uzalwa amanqaku ephepheni. Imali eRashiya wavelisa hayi kuphela ngenjongo ulondolozo kunye nolawulo ngetyala, kodwa yokugubungela inkcitho karhulumente. Ejikelezayo wemali kuqala ukwanda ifomu non-cash. Ulawulo lwemali enokusebenziseka lwenziwa ziziphathamandla zoluntu.

Inkqubo yemali ye-Russian Federation lilawulwa ngumthetho we-1992 "Kwi inkqubo yemali ye-Russian Federation." Ngokutsho kuxwebhu, imali esemthethweni yelizwe yeyona engange, inxalenye iqhezu apho izenzo penny (enye wokudla engange). Ukukhutshwa nayiphi na enye imali ayikho ummandla Russian Federation akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo.

Ilungelo ukukhupha imali kunye kukuyeka lokuhamba amanqaku kuphela i-Central Bank. Kwakhona iye ukufotokopa eli ilungelo elikhethekileyo ukucwangcisa izinga le engange nxamnye kwemali yamazwe ezahlukeneyo.

Yamaphepha e Russia kuphela ezimbini - engamaphepha kunye engange. Ngomgunyathi imali esayine mthethweni. Eli lizwe kugunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni nokusebenza kwemali (iinkozo, amanqaku) kunye non-cash (-akhawunti yebhanki, ikhadi stock) imali.

inkqubo Russian emali ikhona kwaye isebenza phantsi komthetho federal ka 1995 "Ngomhla Central Bank of the Russian Federation," umthetho federal ka-1996 "On ezibhankini umsebenzi zebhanki", kwakunye nezilungiso emva kunye nezongezo kule mithetho. Le mithetho ukuchaza kwiziseko yenkqubo yemali eRashiya, imisebenzi, imisebenzi kunye namagunya e-Central Bank kwicandelo ejikeleza imali kweli lizwe.

Ibhanki engundoqo ugcina zesampulu ezisemthethweni engamaphepha kunye zemali, kunye nentlawulo ngenxa yomthetho. Inkqubo yemali ye-Russian Federation sicacisa ukuba iiyunithi lemali ekhutshwa yi-Central Bank kufuneka ukwamkela, kwi-akhawunti, iincwadi ngetyala, iidiphozithi, njl kuwo Russian Federation ngexabiso ubuso.

Kuthiwa yamaphepha ayisebenzi alinakuba phambi komhla ngokutshintshiselana amanqaku kwi imodeli entsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli gama ziyohluka ukusuka kunyaka-1 ukuya kwiminyaka-5. Le yamaphepha ezintsha zikhutshelwa kwi amaxabiso ziyarhoxiswa ngamaxesha ukusuka cash ingeniso.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isakhiwo ubonelelo ngemali Russia imelwe yi M0, M1, M2. Ukongeza, le yunithi kusetyenziswa 2X M, nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba "imali ebanzi" (isixa M2 nazo zonke iintlobo iidipozithi kwemali amazwe).

Namhlanje, isakhiwo ubonelelo ngemali ye-Russian Federation uphawuleka, nangona lo mkhwa ezicacileyo yokwanda imisebenzi non-cash, abaliqela onomlinganiselo ophezulu cash, kuba ingxelo kunyanzelekile wasebenza lwemali kweli lizwe, kwakunye phambi kweziqu. Awona macandelo ngamnye RF inkqubo yemali zohlukile ngokwaneleyo enye kwenye yaye convertibility lwabo omnye komnye kunzima, nto leyo ekhokelela iindleko ezongezelelweyo.