Inkqubela kwezentlalo

inkqubela Social - lo mbono qatha. Oku kubonisa utshintsho intshukumo kubomi kwisithuba yoluntu kunye nexesha kuphela. Le mbono "inkqubela yezentlalo" azifani naluphi na uvavanyo komgangatho kuphuhliso, okanye kanye ulwalathiso. Ziyenzeka sisiphumo sophuhliso lwentlalo, nto leyo ithetha ukwanda elezobugcisa kunye lwezenzululwazi, kwakunye ukukhulisa esimbaxa nohlelo lwezentlalo kunye nemveliso. Ngoko ke, inkqubela-phambili kunye neenqobo zayo ibonisa ukusekwa kwezi ntlobo ephambili yoluntu. Kufuneka ke ukuba ukuphuculwa kubomi kunefuthe elingqalileyo kuphuhliso ubuntu. Kulo mba, inkqubela yezentlalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngakumbi nangakumbi esekelwe ingqiqo humanistic lophuhliso lwentlalo, enjongo yayo iphambili kwimpilo-ntle, self-actualization womntu.

Konke oku kungentla kubonisa ukuqonda le nkcazelo hlobo. Lo mbuzo ukufumaneka inkqubela yezentlalo ebomini karhulumente kuqwalaselwa kumanqaku amabini esahlukileyo. Ingcamango yokuqala uyayiqonda ubukho ngezimvo, kwaye eyesibini, ngokulandelelana, ayisazi.

Ngu eyeza ingqalelo inkqubela yezentlalo, ingcamango kwaye injongo yayo engundoqo kufuneka, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, kuquka isigama Parsons (kwabantu American) kwaye ingqikelelo Condorcet (French ngezentlalo-sobulumko).

Le yokugqibela, kwiincwadi zakhe wathetha ubukho mithetho-moya lembali. Condorcet wayekholelwa ukuba ingqondo uyakwazi ukutshintsha ihlabathi rhoqo efanele. Ngokutsho sobulumko, inkqubela loluntu luxhomekeke ubukhulu becala bendyebo ulwazi lwenzululwazi kunye nemfundo jikelele.

Le nto iye yaba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo imibono Comte. Le kwabantu, French yaqulunqa umthetho yamanqanaba amathathu inkqubela yezentlalo kuphuhliso lwabasebenzi, isiseko apho wenza inkqubela ngokwasengqondweni.

Iimfundiso Comte kunye Condorcet negalelo ekufundweni nasekusungulweni uluntu sele ephambili kubomi boluntu yophando.

Ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini mqondo iimbono sisiseko neoevolyutsionistov. Representative le meko yaba Parsons. Ngokutsho kwakhe, njengoko njengenqobo engundoqo inkqubela yezentlalo Baxhasa ukomeleza amandla olulungisiweyo kuluntu luphela.

Ingcamango yokuba izinto zazivelela lwentlalo kuxhaswa lemibono ezahlukeneyo post-mveliso kunye noluntu mveliso. Njengoko criteria inkqubela basebenzisa izinto ezifana iqondo yotshintsho, inqanaba lophuhliso ngokubhekiselele zobugcisa, inguqu inzululwazi kwi social amandla nemveliso.

Xa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kunye neengcali 20 qaphela ezinye uloyiso izimvo zazivelela lwentlalo. Xa karhulumente yezentlalo , kubonakala sinethemba, ibonisa inkolelo yokuba ikhula kwisigaba zeteknoloji nakwisayensi ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela ekuphuculweni ngentlalo-ntle yabantu, ngokunjalo ukunyusa umgangatho wobomi ekuhlaleni, ngenxa yokuba uluntu luza kuba nako ukuphelisa ubuhlwempu, ukungazi sikweni.

Kukho imibono abaphikayo inkqubela. Njengoko isiseko methodological kule mfundiso Kuluvo ngayo ingqiqo multiserver kuphuhliso. Le mbono kubonisa amathuba kunye nohlobo ezahlukeneyo inkqubo, bemkhanyela ngaxeshanye inkqubela yezentlalo kunye nemithetho yentlalo.

Omnye yokuqala ngokukhanyela ingqiqo Nietzsche wakhuthaza. Wagxeka nangentando rationalism. Ngokwembono yakhe, nayiphi na inyaniso yinto engekhoyo, nolwazi lwentlalo ayikho kwaye ukuba esemagqabini.