Inkcazelo of St. Petersburg: iindawo ezinika, izakhiwo, amaziko olondolozo lwembali

I-capital wasentla itsala amawaka abakhenkethi ngonyaka ngamnye. Kubandakanya nabo ubuhle kunye nomoya angaqhelekanga kwisixeko samandulo. Inkcazelo of St. Petersburg etsala yonke Connoisseur lwezakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga, imbali umdla, ukukwazi ukuziva umoya sexesha yasebukhosini.

Inkcazelo of St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg kutshanje kwathiwa iLeningrad, isizukulwana abadala ukhumbula indlela. Hero City, ikomkhulu lenkcubeko Russia, Venice wethu - zonke ezi epithets lo mzi. UPetros owuthanda nje iindwendwe ubuhle bayo nobuhle. Nabani na oye apha ufuna ukubuyela. Yaye akumangalisi.

Sezulu e St. Petersburg badla lisibekele, kodwa kukho iintsuku enelanga. Imozulu apha okhethekileyo kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi beze ngqo kule ndawo ukonwabela kwelanga ezinzulwini zobusuku, nto idume St. Petersburg. Iifoto kunye neenkcazelo ezi zinto zikuvumela ukuba ukudala albhamu lonke. Catch ngoxa ungakwazi ekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuya kuJulayi. Le iibhulorho e ebusuku amhlophe - intlekisa kumnandi. Wonke umntu kufuneka kuyibona loo nto ngamehlo am. Owu, zingaphi umtshato izindululo Ndikuvile iibhulorho kwimbali yawo!

inkcazelo yokwakha of St. Petersburg ezinika igxininisa ubunzulu isimbo, ubuhle, izakhiwo, iicawa, izikwere, iibrorho iindlela. Uziva imbali izitena zonke. Beme kwi indawo enkulu, uziva ngathi-nxaxheba kwiziganeko zembali. Kubonakala ukuba apha ngoku uya kuqhuba ezizukileyo ndiphuma nokumkani wayo kunye nosapho okanye kubanjwa lady olandelayo iilokhwe chic lace ngesambrela esandleni sakhe. Ngu ubutyebi dolophu izitiya, ndenza nemiyezo - eSt Petersburg ngokwaneleyo kubo, kwaye bona yebhongo. Egadini ehlotyeni unako ukuhamba imini yonke, oko osisityebi uhlaza, macala onke kukho izitulo. Unako ukuhlala, baphumle baze baphupha into enye.

Suburbs of St. Petersburg

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo of St. Petersburg, inkcazo emfutshane kunye iifoto zingafunyanwa kulo naliphi na encwadini reference kuba kubakhenkethi nazo ngoku kweli lizwe. Parks, imiyezo, ezinde Peterhof, Gatchina kunye Tsarskoye Selo, imithombo ezintle - akunakwenzeka ukuba ziwuthathele ingqalelo lo. Kuyinto ukuyazi okumangalisayo ngalo kuyo yonke sele bakhiwe kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, njengoko bathi "ngonaphakade". Beautiful umthombo ebuhleni Peterhof lomculo mesmerizing kunye yobuhlakani. Namadlelo Zidume ezingxandeni zawo. ubutyebi nganye umkhondo, obutofotofo, endala. iiholo Palace sihlale zikwimeko egqibeleleyo, bayakhuthazwa kukuba ihafu yale - lomvuzo ngqo abakhenkethi, ezinxulumene ngenyameko ibali. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo singanqweneleka ukunikela odumileyo Amber Room, e Tsarskoye Selo. Le ilitye lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo nembali. Kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezizodwa. Kuphela kule gumbi vidiyo wavalwa ngokupheleleyo kwakunye nokufota, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukugxagxiseka yegolide evuthiweyo. Le wobugcisa ushiya akekho ngabandayo, kakuhle, imbali - ithuba lokwenza iincwadi ezininzi emangalisayo iimovie. kwikona ngalinye Palace, igumbi ngalinye ukulungele ukuxelela imbali yakhe efihlakeleyo into eyenzeka apha kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Ukutyelela a izigodlo lizwe, kungcono usebenzise iinkonzo njengesikhokelo. amabali akhe aya kuba lulwazi kwaye umdla.

bokwakha

Inkcazelo Central Saint Petersburg ukhumbuza Italian Venice wakhe. Kwacetywa * uKhesare Peter - ukuvula ikomkhulu elingasemntla ngokufana Amsterdam kunye yaseVenice. Kwacetywa ukuba sixeko awela uthungelwano nemijelo endaweni yembutho. Bezakhiwo xesha wakwazi ukwakha idolophu kunye nenkangeleko ekhethekileyo, intliziyo ngokuxhala, umphefumlo Russian. Master izimvo zabo eziqulathwe kule ensembles ezintle bokwakha, esekhona ndiyayoliswa abahlali neendwendwe. Zonke abakhenkethi beza kubona izinto eziphambili St. Petersburg, ifoto kunye nenkcazelo leyo engqina yokuvelela iindlela ngobugcisa. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngengqibo ukumkani zonke izakhiwo zakhiwa ngokupheleleyo ngamatye, kanti lonke naseRussia njengohlobo izinto zokwakha esalelweyo ukuyisebenzisa. A isici esasenza elo xesha "proshpekty" - aa Incopho esitratweni. Umbhali le misebenzi yaba engumFrentshi Jean-Baptiste Leblond. Umakhi lokuqala Umzi Trezzini, waba lo lomculo umbindi St. Petersburg. iinkosi Great zidalwe yobuciko zokwakha ezifana KwiNqaba Lwabasebenzi Jikelele, Ibhotwe Square, i Winter Palace, i-Alexander Column Ibronzi sabakhweli, Decembrists Square, Smolny Cathedral, Cathedral St. bakaIsake, uPetros noPawulos Fortress kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezininzi ezikhumbuzo, iipaki, ezo amakhulu eminyaka ukuba bamhlonele kwaye ukumangala ziindwendwe kwikomkhulu Northern.

Museum of St. Petersburg: Inkcazelo

Wonke babatyeleli ezihamba uhambo eSt Petersburg, qiniseka ukuba ukutyelela iimyuziyam. Kwisixeko yenani labo enkulu, nokuba ngaphezu e Moscow, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba kutyelela zonke ngaxeshanye. Yaye ukuchaza kwelinye inqaku ixesha labo akunakwenzeka. Inkcazelo of St. Petersburg ezinika Qinisekisa ukubandakanya zonke iimyuziyam simazi ngamnye kubo kuya kunceda labobalawuli ezidalwe ngokukhethekileyo. Bafunde malunga ngembali lwembali nganye, iinyani ezinika umdla malunga avuleke ukuba thaca apho. Ukongeza koku - njani ukuba bangene kulo okanye elo ziko.

Kwaba eSt Petersburg, waqalisa imbali kanye yokuqala kwiimyuziyam Russian. Ngaphambi koku, kweli lizwe kwakukho into enjalo. vula ngoku iindwendwe njengoko athandwa kakhulu, yaye izinto ezincinci zenkcubeko ukuba abe Okukodwa elimxinwa. Malunga abanye babo andazi nokuba abahlali baloo mzi. Zonke iindawo ezinika museum ukuyithabatha luvuleleke kubo bonke, ukuze ukuthetha iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, babantu kaHomer.

Iindwendwe ukuza kulo okanye imyuziyam bafumana kanye ulwazi izicwangciso ukuba. Ndwendwela amagumbi umxholo, unako ukufumana okuninzi iimpendulo kwimibuzo ebuzwa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kweso sixeko ngexesha zokungqinga, njengoko nefuthe-nkqubo lesixeko ngowe-1917, yintoni ezifihlakeleyo zigcinwa kwi unodoli ngokwayo okanye yintoni iinkwenkwezi kukuxelela.

Wonke ke umntu ozayo kuPetros, kufuneka utyelele i Hermitage. Ngokuya khona, kuba sele kunzima ukufumana phandle indoda endala. Dlula imyuziyam ngamini-nye akunakwenzeka. Lenkongozelo okunzulu phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII, ukususela ekuqaleni, kwaye iqhubeka unanamhla.

Qiniseka ukuba bahambele Russian Museum State. Kuphela apha unako 'ukuphefumla "imbali, ukubona iincwadi zamandulo ezinqabileyo.

Hermitage

Inkcazo lwalunjani St. Petersburg Hermitage ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ivunyelwe. I Museum igqalwa elinye lamaziko kakhulu ngokwembali indala ehlabathini, yinto nenkcubeko Russia. Ibali wakhe yaqala kunye uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Yazuza ingqokelela entle evela Berlin merchant Ernst Gotzkowsky. Amalaphu omkhulu kunye namagcisa zezona ngcali zinetalente baba apha. Ukumkanikazi ukuba uthenge kubo isipho uKumkani Prussia Friedrich II. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa imfazwe eyathatha iminyaka esixhenxe, ukumkani asikwazanga ukwamkela esi sipho. Ngelo xesha, waza waqalisa uphuhliso lolondolozo lwembali. Ngoku ngemini yayo isiseko ithathwa ngokuba 7 kuDisemba - imini iSt. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba isakhiwo elincinane - ezincinane Hermitage, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe yena wakhulela enkulu baqala ukubathwala igama abanekratshi - Imperial.

Kuya kuba umdla ukutyelela abantwana St. Petersburg. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo, iifoto kunye nenkcazelo lwazo ukufumana kwangaphambili, uxelele kakhulu umdla kwaye ulwazi. izifundo into imbali ziya kufumaneka kunye Hermitage. Namhlanje ke imbaxa museum entlantlu izakhiwo ezintlanu. Oluka ecaleni Neva River, ikhokelwa zodidi Winter Palace. ukuqokelelwa Le myuziyam siquka malunga nezigidi ezithathu imiboniso - a zesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko, imisebenzi yezandla.

Emva UCatherine siguqule ngempumelelo Museum Alexander I, ngubani umzukulwana ukumkanikazi. Ngowe-1810 yathengwa igalari Malmaison. Kuzvelta ukupeyinta ngo-1814 iye yongezelela ingqokelela eyodwa ebhotwe. Ngowe-1815, ukujoyina nomkhosi e Paris, Alexander wathenga ingqokelela imikrolo Beauharnais.

Ebudeni bolawulo Nikolae Ermitazh kwakhona zizizalise yobuciko yenkcubeko. I Military Gallery of 1812 kwakukho eni amaqhawe iminyaka yemfazwe. Ngenkulungwane XIX, le myuziyam liphuhlise kumacala ahlukeneyo. Xa elalisakuba yiSoviet yayiza yokulondoloza konyusa ixabiso zenkcubeko. Ngowe-1956, le myuziyam iye ibali emithathu. Ukuqamba Hermitage kubonisa uphuhliso kwempucuko ukusuka Stone Age ukuya namhlanje.

Cathedral St. uIsaac

Ukwenza inkcazelo St. Petersburg, ukubalisa nganye akhumbule yecawa ekhethekileyo. ESt uIsaac Cathedral - ayikho nje enye ezinika eziphambili St. Petersburg, kodwa kuyo yonke iRussia kunye perile. Huge isakhiwo angqukuva eYurophu nanto. Imbali kwetempile yaqala phantsi Peter I, yakhiwa izihlandlo eziliqela. Xa Alexander I wabhengeza ukhuphiswano le projekthi igqwesileyo. Ukuze ukulakhela indlu le projekthi engumFrentshi Montferrand brilliant iminyaka emashumi mane elide. Kubangela kokulindelwe iindleko. Zonke izakhiwo nqa kwaye khamnqa grand, amibala-ubutyebi, ukupeyinta elingaphakathi, isikali sakhiwo. Cathedral St. uIsaac - yeyona isakhiwo unamandla nangemihla yethu. Hombisa Cathedral imiqolo elinashumi-nye linababini. The Dome esikhulu segolide iyodwa, iye yaqinisekisa inqaba yayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Iinkcukacha ezininzi zokuhombisa zenziwa kunye ikratshi kwi izithethe ezahlukeneyo iinkosi izakhiwo Russian. Ekudaleni waya neengcibi best Russian abeza eSt Petersburg kulo lonke elo lizwe. Imisebenzi oluqokelelwe etempileni, ezo kuphela, ezizodwa kunye nanto ngendlela yaso.

Okwangoku, Church iSt kaIsake eSt Petersburg kuba Museum ngoku, nangona kukho inkonzo rhoqo. Umba lokutshintshela Cathedral yeCawa Orthodox Russian. Njengokuba umntu uthe yeetempile ezinkulu akwakhelwa ukubonisa izakhiwo, kwaye ukuba ibe yindlu kaThixo.

Peterhof

Uye wagqiba ukundwendwela eSt Petersburg? Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo, iifoto kunye nenkcazelo emthonjeni ebhotwe kunye park lomculo ke qiniseka ukuba ndivuze elowo isivakashi Peterhof. Le mbono ukwenza Tsar uPetros yokuhlala lwasebukhosini ubuhle yokuba wayeza kudlula Versailles French. Bonke bamangaliswa yindlela ixesha elifutshane ndaqonda le ngcingane. Sele 1723 Peterhof yavulwa ngo-bume festive, imithombo zuza, uLwandle Channel, amabhotwe eziliqela, zabuya isicwangciso i-Lower Park.

Lo mmandla lwakhethwa ngobulumko, yonke kwakukho imizimba amanzi abo babezalusa izitshixo. Kule 20 Wakha zokuphuma nokungena, itshaneli zakhiwe nemithombo. Lower Park yenzelwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo. E Upper - kunye shestnadtsatimetrovoy ukuphakama amanzi amadike iwela zikufuphi nemiboko, nabo bonke ubunzima bayo uyenyuka kwi Lower Park, ukwakha inani elikhulu Jets.

Ngexesha lokulawula uphuhliso Peter II Palace Park imile. Makubulelwe kuphela Anne Ioannovne, ukubuyiselwa kunye nophuhliso ngakumbi, nto leyo ebangele ukuba wezakhiwo Zemtsov.

Ngelishwa, Second World War watshabalalisa izityalo ezininzi ezinqabileyo Peterhof. Ezingxandeni zaye baphanga yi-amaJamani, i Palace Grand yatshatyalaliswa. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kwemfazwe waqalisa ukubuyiselwa lomculo. Kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-yamashumi ukuba abuyiselwe endaweni yawo kukaSamson.

Xa kuchazwa St. Petersburg Ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuquka ukudalwa ekhethekileyo kwinkulungwane XVIII - Peterhof. Ukususela ulwandle, iimbono ezintle le-Grand Palace yaye ecaleni kwakhe wayambethe ngegolide Grand Cascade. Kwazo phambi kwabo Samson. channel Sea ekhokelela elwandle, kuba waphula Lower Park ibe ngamaqela amabini: East and West.

UMsindisi kwi Igazi elichithwe

Sagqiba ukuhlola izinto eziphambili St. Petersburg? Inkcazelo emfutshane ye Church of kuMsindisi Igazi kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ukufumana ingqalelo yakho. Dlula akanandaba yi eli Bhunga uyasilela nabani. Wonke umkhenkethi zokumisa aze akhangele zonke iinkcukacha ezibangela iimpendulo ancome kuphela. Church of uMsindisi Igazi - izakhiwo okhanyayo eminyaka edlulileyo. Ubuhle, ubuhle, silhouettes efanelekileyo - iimpawu ezingundoqo azalwa ngayo.

Kwaye oko kwisiza ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX? Le ndawo phakathi izitishi - Warsaw kunye kwiBaltic - waba negama elibi. izakhiwo mveliso, landscape nkqi iindawo zokulala, abasebenzi ugalele iintsizi imivalo, akukho isonto. Society ufikile uncedo kwemfundo yokuziphatha kunye yonqulo, bakwazi ukufumana ulwimi olufanayo kunye nabasemagunyeni ukuba bafumane umhlaba ukuze kwakhiwe itempile.

Cathedral kwabekwa 1984 kunye ekubhiyozeleni umtshato wakhe nokumkani. Kamva ibandla yaququzelelwa, enceda ukumelana ukuxhomekeka etywaleni. Wanceda ibandla kuzo zonke amarhamente abasweleyo kwaye esebenza iminyaka emininzi, bada bafika ngamandla, lo qumrhu. Ukutshutshiswa esithembekileyo ngexesha wafumana isikali enkulu, icawa phantse zatshatyalaliswa, yaye abakhonzi adubula.

Kuphela 1990, le yecawa waqalisa kwakhona, kumsitho ngentloko imfundiso Easter ibanjelwe apha, isakhiwo ngoku bobabo kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya.

palace ibhulorho

Ubungangamsha namandla ezinika emangalisayo St. Petersburg. izihloko Photo, iinkcazelo, ukutsala onke abathandi obutofotofo, iintlobo yasebukhosini. Palace Bridge kwifoto ibonakala intle kakhulu ngendlela exutywe, ngasemva - i Fortress twisisaka noPawulos, Umgcini iimfihlelo babhukuqwa ebhotwe.

History of the Bridge Palace esiya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. izicelo abaninzi efikele urhulumente ukubuyisela bhulorho ugugile, leyo kule ndawo, plokshouty antywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo emlanjeni. kukhuphiswano lokuyila ukwakhiwa ezinkulu kakhulu kwaye womelele wabhengezwa. Waphumelela Pshenitsky wakhe. Kuphela ngo-1912 waqala ukwakha. Ndivule ngokusesikweni ibhulorho ngo-1916. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko igama uhambele. Ekuqaleni, ibhulorho iingcingo zomthi, baba sele kweminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva indawo yi yentsimbi. Kwiminyaka 70 izibane kunye izinyeliso sele zihlaziyiwe. Kuphela 1997, ibhulorho une illuminations langa zinokuhonjiswa. Kakhulu omkhulu ngobukhulu, iye kwindoda ezintlanu, phakathi ukwahlukana. Ubude bayo - eemitha 250, ububanzi - 28.

Palace Square

St. Petersburg ezinika umdla zotyelelo amagama kunye neenkcazelo abakhenkethi yazo zonke ezifana idluliselwa ngaphambili, ngemihla yookumkani kunye zayo. Kubonakala ukuba lube yinxalenye ibali, gxwa iziganeko ezindala isixeko. Palace Park, i-Bridge Palace kunye, Kakade, esi Palace Square. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, engundoqo indawo of St. Petersburg. Iziganeko ezenzeka apha, baziwa ehlabathini lonke. Hayi zafezwa famous ukuba kwenzeka apha kuphela, ummandla idume. umbono yezakhiwo, ubungakanani enkulu abathandwa zonke iindwendwe.

Kudala-dala le ndawo yaba emadlelweni Admiralty, yimimango ngengca. Amalungiselelo apha imithendeleko neempahla ezinkulu-scale. Namhlanje, ujonge Iizilebhu lenyengane, Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso. Kukuzukiswa ngabantu Russian emva Noloyiso 1812 yaba kwiinjongo inguqu kule ndawo. Lomhleli Rossi ngo-1819 yasungula iprojekthi yokwakha. Ezinye izindlu ubudala ziye sadilizwa apha, ezinye wangena projekthi. Eyona nto kakhulu kwingingqi - Alexander Column. umbhali we lesikhumbuzo - Montferrand. Ukuphakama kwenye intsika - meters 47, ubunzima - iitoni 600. Ukwakhiwa walibona column aphezulu loloyiso. linikezelwa kuloyiso phezu uNapoleon. column UHLAZIYO ingelosi segolide ngaphezulu, uqhuba umnqamlezo ezandleni zakhe. Yimbonakaliso kukuzukiswa Russian iingalo zentsimbi uBharnabhas-imikrolo ngokukhwela kwinqwanqwa. Kukho intsomi ukuba iiBolsheviks endaweni ingelosi umnqamlezo ungathanda ukufaka Umfanekiso Lenin, kodwa abazange ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo.