Ingqikelelo Cave Monastery (Bakhchisarai)

Cave isigodlo eCrimea njengangaphambili kakhulu. Inkoliso yabo aqotywa ngexesha ayehlasela Golden mkhosi. Kodwa abanye yeetempile oqingqiweyo waya engxondorheni nangoku ayiphazanyiswa. Ezi ziquka kunye eMonastri kwingcinga mqolomba, ibekwe kufuphi Bakhchisarai kwi gorge Maryam Dar. Indawo kukuba, nangona ukuba amanqugwala zamaKristu, iyahlonelwa nayo yi Muslims. Dar Maryam in Russian ithetha Virgin Mary.

Iinguqulelo imvelaphi

Isiqingatha sokuqala XVI. - eli lixesha xa waqala ukwakha isixeko Bakhchisarai. Ingqikelelo umqolomba Holy weemonki eyasekwayo kakhulu ngaphambili. Ngelishwa, ngalo ngubani eyakhiwe eCrimea loo iitempile engaqhelekanga ngenxa Qiniseka, akukho bani owaziyo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba kungenwe kuyo ebalekayo iimonki zabo aseByzantium ikonopochitateli kuyo ingqumbo * uKhesare Leo III kunye Constantine V ngexesha kumzabalazo wokulwa zithixo. Noko ke, abanye ababhali-mbali musa ukuxhasa le nguqulo. Inyaniso yokuba izinto zokwakha emqolombeni-iitempile musa ukuvumela ukuba siqwalasele kubo adalwe ziimonki baseByzantium. Xa yokuhlala nemibutho yabasebenzi zokulala isithethe kutshanje ifakiwe. Ezicaweni iCrimea kukho inani elikhulu leseli nganye.

Ngexesha ulwakhiwo gwenxa izibonelelo yamatye asikiweyo kwi eCrimea sisengama emahlelweni enamandla yobuhedeni. Ukongeza, yande ubuYuda babusamkelwa njengonqulo karhulumente kulo i Khazar Khaganate. Ngoko ke ukwakha ezi iitempile ababeyiswele.

Amavo yendlu

Ukwakhiwa liyi- engaqhelekanga kakhulu - kwingcinga Cave Monastery (Bakhchisarai). Ukuvela abakhenkethi, ugweba yi-ncomo, kuye nje alibaleke. Malunga ukwakhiwa kwingcinga emqolombeni weemonki kukho amavo eziliqela. Enye legend uthi kanye phezu ixesha kule mimandla kukho iinyoka loyikekayo, sidliwe abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Ndidikwe olahlwa zakhe abalimi wathandaza ngokusuk 'entliziyweni Virgin Mary ukuhlangulwa. Xa abantu baye babona phezu ikhandlela rock otshisayo, wenyuka waya kuye. Kwi engxondorheni bayifumene umfanekiso Lady wethu, yaye elele ecaleni ngenyoka efile.

Enye ilejendi isixelela ukuba ngenye imini kwi icon indawo Virgin Mary wafunyanwa. Fumana yamahlwempu yayo zakusa phantsi - nendawo yokuhlala. Noko ke, kusasa ngengomso umfanekiso wabonakala kwakhona kuloo ndawo inye. Kucingwa imiqondiso nemimangaliso wazigawula kuloo ndawo ibandla mqolomba.

Ngokutsho ilivo yesithathu gorge kunxibelelwano. UMariya iimonki Byzantine babeke ndiziphethe icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Ngendlela efanayo lanikwa nendawo apho yokwakha izakhiwo zonqulo.

Isigodlo ngo VIII-XVIII eminyaka.

Ukuba uthathe njengesiseko Kwingcingane ziimonki yaseByzantium thina, wasungula ingcamango umqolomba weemonki ibe malunga nama kwi VIII BC. beza abefundisi balandelayo eCrimea, walala amaGrike, babaleka kwabandisukelayo zakhe iconoclasts. Kuthathwa ukuba iitempile mqolomba bakhonza elide indawo yazo engundoqo yonqulo.

Ngexesha ayehlasela Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, uninzi yeetempile yatshabalala. Ingqikelelo umqolomba isigodlo zigcinwe ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV. Saba yokuhlala iCrimea Metropolitan. Enye ooAshera olona i icon ngokungummangaliso nguMama kaThixo, ayeze kuphela Orthodox, kodwa Muslims. tsars Russian ezinikezelwa ngenkxaso epheleleyo woonongendi.

mqolomba etempileni Ingqikelelo kwi XVIII-XIX eminyaka

De kwinkulungwane XVIII. Ngoko ke, umqolomba weemonki yachuma. Yonke into yatshintsha emva kokuba amajoni Russian ahlala eCrimea. Ngokomyalelo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, Metropolitan, ndawonye onke amaKristu ayephinde eRashiya, kuLwandle Azov, ongumsunguli isixeko Mariupol. Cave itempile yayekwa.

Noko ke, ngo-1850, ngokuthi isigqibo Sinodi, woonongendi yaphinda-kuvulwa. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, xa igcinwe iincwadi kulo ezingcwele zaye nobutyobo yalahleka. Kuyinto akwaziwa - nokuba iimonki zabo kunye nabo okanye uzifihlile athathwa. Mhlawumbi ezininzi zonqulo zatshatyalaliswa nje. Ngapha koko, nkqu esekelwe kwi iindonga banikwa kokuphalwa.

Ngexesha edumileyo ukukhusela Sevastopol ezindongeni kwegosa esibhedlele mqolomba eliqhele. I abafileyo wangcwatywa emazantsi ababuleweyo - phambi weemonki. Amagosa ngayo ugqirha odumileyo Pirogov.

ENgcweleni, igcinwe woonongendi

"Overview Historical", apho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinto ezingcwele woonongendi - Ngo-1908, uxwebhu ekhethekileyo zabuya. Yintoni, ke, iitempile yababephethwe phambi kokuba revolution kwingcinga mqolomba eMonastri (eCrimea)? Inkcazelo kolu luhlu xwebhu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukuphakama Icon ye kwingcinga 1 neemitha 3.5 intshi kunye ububanzi neesentimitha 11.5 kwi chasuble zesilivere. Lo mfanekiso ithathwa ngokungummangaliso. AmaKristu amaninzi aye ezivela impiliso icon.

• Ikopi icon ngokungummangaliso nguMama kaThixo Kiev Caves. Lo mfanekiso ezinikelwe woonongendi ngu Metropolitan Filaret. Phambi lo mfanekiso ngo Agasti 15 ukuba lwenziwe lonke-ubusuku nilinde.

• Umfanekiso uMsindisi nge 84 zezinto ezahlukeneyo engcwele. Lo mfanekiso wathunyelwa evela Korsun uMama kaThixo Monastery.

• Ikopi Icon ye nguMama kaThixo "Panagia". Yiyo le ndlela, ngokutsho legend, yatyhilwa kanye Undimisa eweni. Xa ukuchazwa, i icon yafakwa ingubo yesilivere, wazihombisa kunye neeperile, namatye anqabileyo.

• Cross kunye noKristu, ezenziwe iindidi ezintathu zomthi: Pevko, nemisipres, nemisedare. On emva kwakhe yaba nombhalo ukuba 'thumela ku Old Russian iAthos sakuvula imini ngo-1850 ".

• Zipeyintwe ngqo elulwalweni, kwisayithi ka lo mkhuba "Panagia 'umfanekiso Virgin. Phambi kwalo icon olungacimiyo umlilo isibane.

Xa kanye iliwa ngaloo mihla wachacha iiseli-16. Enye amabini babekwa emazantsi. A mathafa e oku kwakhokelela ngezinyuko oqingqiweyo kwi ingxondorha kwinqanaba 84. Ukongeza iiseli, oko wakha isibingelelo emazantsi yezindlu yomtshato ezimbini neemonki, umphathi wendlu kunye nekhitshi kunye kwivenkile ebhaka izonka.

Kumaxesha Soviet,

Umzabalazo kunye Orthodox, eyaqala ngo-1917, kuye ochaphazelekayo woonongendi vekeleke xona mqolomba. Le tempile baphanga ngokupheleleyo. Ithe badubula. Ekugqibeleni woonongendi yavalwa ngo-1921. Ebudeni angels imfazwe kwezi emiqolombeni, njengokuba kanye phezu ixesha, oko kwakukho esibhedlele ngenxa abalimele. Amajoni abafileyo Soviet, kwakunye namagosa omkhosi tsarist ngexesha wawalwela Sevastopol, wangcwatywa emazantsi - kufuphi woonongendi ngokwayo. Emva kwemfazwe, isikolo ehlala abagula ngengqondo esebenza apha.

ukululama

Ngowe-1993, woonongendi mqolomba babuyiselwa amakholwa. Okwangoku, kukho looNongendi esebenzayo. Abefundisi baye babuyisela etempileni waza wakha kwesitalato ndlwana. Indawo yoBuyiselo wathabatha oluninzi mali. Ababingeleli bade wala ukuthatha imali yenkonzo. Ukususela ngoko, ibandla lendawo ayisekho irhafu. Nokubhabhatizwa, imingcwabo, imithandazo, yokumisela izindlu njalo njalo. Ababingeleli eMonastri amadoda mihla yeyona simahla.

Holy Ingqikelelo Cave Monastery (Bakhchisarai, eCrimea): inkcazo sinzima

Izakhiwo ezininzi yamandulo woonongendi ke ibandla emqolombeni Ingqiqo kunye umphathi wendlu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kuba saphila iliwa ibandla St. Mark. Ukongeza, kuvuselelwa zitshatyalaliswe iitempile zonxibelelwano. Helena ne uConstantine. phantse nto umdla, umzekelo, abakhenkethi ukwazi engafakwanga amabandla ngokwabo. Zonke izinto ezingcwele zaye ngelishwa zatshatyalaliswa ngexesha leSoviet. Ezimbalwa icons aseleyo wafudukela myuziyam in Mariupol. Noko ke, iikopi yenziwa yi iimonki kanye wazihombisa iintlafuno emqolombeni imifanekiso. Zakhiwe waba nkqu woonongendi eliyinhloko kanye loo ndawo yonqulo - umfanekiso Our Lady of ngombono.

Oqingqiweyo vekeleke umqolomba oyiNgcwele yoonongendi eCrimea ngqo eludongeni ende, eveleleyo kancinane uluhlu. Kuyinto umbono omhle kakhulu. Ukususela iifestile iicawa elixholwe etyeni ebukekayo le iCrimea Iintaba. Kwelinye icala isinyuko gorge inabela uyinqunqe ibe zaso kunye namagumbi ezikufutshane.

Impela umdla kubakhenkethi umdla abe esakhiweni enemigangatho emibini apho wahlala phambi kokuba revolution uzayo bahambi weemonki. Ngaphandle kwakhe, iintsalela ye yokuhlala yamandulo Salancik kunye nezakhiwo yokuqala ka iCrimea AmaTatar kwinkulungwane XVI.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, esi sakhiwo features igosa mangcwaba antique kunye namangcwaba amajoni Soviet.

Ukufumana apho

Abakhenkethi abaninzi abeza eCrimea, mhlawumbi ongathanda ukuyityelela woonongendi vekeleke xona mqolomba. Bakhchisarai - emzini apho indlela elula ungafumana kuyo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uhlale phantsi iminibhasi okanye itekisi, bevela uloliwe okanye ibhasi station. Ukususela stop kufuneka kuvuka malunga nekhilomitha ngokusebenzisa gorge. Yokuhambisa phezulu phezu ibandla lwaya ngokucacileyo ubonakale kude. Abanye abakhenkethi ukuze weemonki Bakhchisarai uhambe nje. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka uye ukususela ekuqaleni kwisitalato Rosa eLuxemburg yi lokukhonzela endala Tahtali Cami.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ezikuFutshane

Ukongezelela kwingcinga Cave Monastery, abakhenkethi eCrimea undwendwela rhoqo ezibekwe ngentla kancinci isixeko mqolomba Calais. Le yokugqibela kwasekwa mhlawumbi kumaXesha Aphakathi, bakhonza njengokhuselo yezinto emdeni yoBukhosi baseByzantium. Ngelishwa, ngexesha lakalokunje, uninzi isixeko amanxuwa. Phakathi Ingqikelelo Monastery kunye Calais ise mangcwaba Turkish Mansour eGaza. Le ibekwe ehlathini enomthunzi. Yokungcwaba umhla yamangcwaba ngasemva ukuya XV-XIX iinkulungwane. Uninzi amangcwaba oqingqiweyo ukusuka lekalika yasekuhlaleni. Wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni ikakhulu amajoni abo wasivuna umzi ngethuba kuphangwa. Kwaye Ingqikelelo oyiNgcwele mqolomba eMonastri kunye Calais ezinxulumene sites leMveli kwiHlabathi yaye zifakwe kuluhlu UNESCO.