Inendlela: uluhlu ukusuka A ku Z, kunye nefuthe lazo kuluntu. inendlela ulutsha: punk, emo lempucuko, njl US kunye USSR.

Inendlela sabantu abatsha mihla emphakathini imithetho yayo ezizodwa yaye amandla yabo yophuhliso. Ulutsha zahlukile kakhulu Outlook yayo, isimo kunye nemikhwa. Xa inkqubo self-ulwazi bazama ukufumana indawo yawo ebomini, ukumisela iinjongo nokuqonda ngokwabo. Lidla ukhangelo ezinjalo kukhokelela iingxaki ezinkulu kakhulu ezifana butywala kolutsha kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ekuqaleni. Ngoko ke, impembelelo usiko kwi elivisayo yenye yezinto ezixhalabisayo ingxamisekileyo ezichaphazela nganye kwaye yonke umzali.

izinto ezintle nezimbi yempembelelo usiko

Uphononongo lweemeko lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba abantu abaninzi abaselula ukuchonga ngokwabo njengelungu lempucuko ethile. Kule nxalenye ulutsha iphenjelelwa ngamandla usiko oluthile, nto leyo ibe zombini akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Kwimeko yokuqala, kweva ukufumana eziyimfuneko ebomini eluntwini, izakhono zentlalo, ize eyesibini - ukufumana umgangatho apho le nkampani uzama ngandlela zonke ukuba alwe.

usiko oluthile afikisayo ukunceda abantu abaselula baqonde iminqweno yabo uze uyamkele abadala kunye nobomi elizimeleyo. Kodwa kukho izinto ezimbi, efana nenkohlakalo kumaqela athile abantu. Umzekelo, namaqela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuhlanga ukuba, ngokutsho indlela yabo, ukuba benze izenzo zolwaphulo-calucalula abantu bezinye iintlanga. Kubo ke, ukuziphatha okunjalo nto mthethweni, yaye ngenxa yoko abaqondi ukuba uxanduva ngezenzo lo mthetho. Kulo mzekelo, i subculture elivisayo kuba nefuthe elibi kwimbonakalo yabo, kwakumiselwa isizukulwana esitsha ngokuchasene namanye amalungu oluntu.

ezahlukeneyo usiko

Bonke abahlali teen ikhona nje kuphela imithetho yalo yokuziphatha, kunye nemigaqo ezifuna inkangeleko ethile. Ngamnye imisinga ulutsha nga kulothuse uluntu abadala njengokuhlaba ezininzi, engaqhelekanga umbala iinwele, isimbo engaqhelekanga impahla, nezincedisi. Lidla ukungavisisani phakathi kwabazali kunye elivisayo kuvela kanye phezu kwesi siseko. Abantu Abaselula abathandi ukuba uphazamisana kubomi babo, yaye abazali bafuna umntwana wabo khange ume ngaphandle esihlweleni.

Inendlela kwabasebenzi abatsha - Teddy-boy

iqela-Teddy ulutsha Social Boys kwasekwa i-50 ekuqaleni ngenxa kuphuculo relative izinga lokuphila sabasebenzi. Le subculture ulutsha saka kwixesha kwemfazwe, liqulethe oku kwinzala yabasebenzi abanemfundo engaphelelanga ephakamileyo kwaye musa ukuba umsebenzi ophezulu ohlawulayo. indlela yabo ukhutshelwe yokunxiba kunye nokuziphatha lwamalungu kwezakhi ephakamileyo yoluntu. Xa version ezaziwa "Tedd" ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iblukhwe-imibhobho, ibhatyi evakalala velvet ikhola, iqhina-umtya kunye izihlangu kunye neqonga ngerabha. Lo mfanekiso uyindoda eqhelekileyo, nangona ubuhle bayo.

Abameli Teddy-umfana wayezama nzima ukugcina bathe bakuyila iwonga "phezulu", ukuba ibe ngunobangela yimpixano eyavela kunye namanye amacandelo oluntu. Ngokomzekelo, kwakukho uxabana abami elivisayo ukuhlaselwa iiklabhu elite kulutsha. Kubekho ukuhlaselwa abasuka kwamanye amazwe.

amacandelo lempucuko abaqeqeshiweyo zabasebenzi - Fashion

Iqela iiMDO absented ngokwam elivisayo emva kokuphumelela Sendisicwaba amakhono ezifuna inqanaba eliphezulu ukulungela ukusebenza. Enyanisweni, xa kukho ingqiqo ngendlela efanelekileyo kwafuneka ukuba badle ubuncwane, ukuya kwiiklabhu zindala kwaye iyabiza, zokutyela kunye ezivenkileni, unxibe into ibiza kakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yeziyolo emininzi enjalo ukuba ayifumaneki, ukuze akwazi zama kuphela lokuphinda umfanekiso efanelekileyo. Kukho iindidi ezine iiMDO:

1. uhlobo ndlongondlongo ijini kunye neebhutsi alatyuzayo.
2. Abanikazi ngezithuthuthu, kakhulu, xa ijini kunye nebhatyi nge tot.
3. Fashion iisuti kunye nezihlangu olukhazimlisiweyo okwabangela ukuba isininzi samalungu le lempucuko. Dwelisa iyavumelana fashion intombazana, elinge imbonakalo kunye neenwele ezimfutshane.
4. Abafundi kwizikolo zobugcisa, abafundi kunye njalo njalo.

Inendlela - rockers

Rockers Wabonakala 60s phakathi. Eli qela liqulethe intsha ngaphandle kwezemfundo okanye kweentsapho. Iimpawu eziphambili abantu bendawo kule subculture abe jacket, ijini kunxitywe, izihlangu ezinkulu rough, echazwayo umva neenwele ezinde kunye yomzimba. Kakade ke, umntu yesitshixo ngaphandle into ebalulekileyo ezifana, njengokuba isithuthuthu. Indawo ezizodwa rockers subculture iquka umculo kwi indlela elulwalweni.

Namaqela athile okanye nabalwela

Amalungu eli qela kwakunye rockers, ekukhethwa ukuba aphume esiphakathi kwinqanaba elisezantsi izakhono zabasebenzi. Phakathi kwabo, abaninzi abangaphangeliyo, kakuhle abafundileyo kunye nenkcubeko elisezantsi. Namaqela athile zaye Mfuleni ijini ezantsi, iibhutsi ezinkulu rough wayicheba intloko yakhe. Ngu ezigcwele football osecaleni ngqo nabalwela. Ezi iintlobo usiko ziyafana kakhulu kumafa ekuhlaleni. Ba omanyeneyo ndlongondlongo yokuziphatha, umzekelo, edibene imidlalo yebhola ekhatywayo.

iipunks inendlela

Eli qela ikakhulu bezibandakanya kubantu abatsha abasuka kumacandelo ezisezantsi abanezakhono kunye bemivuzo ephantsi labemi. Imeko ebalulekileyo abantu abaselula kukhokelele ukuvela le lempucuko. Uluhlu imibutho, eliquka amalungu kakuhle abafundileyo oluntu wajoyina iipunks. Iingcinga eli qela ziye sobufundisi ngokusondeleyo banqande self-ngoluvo, kodwa ngaphandle koko, indlela punk ubukhulu becala isekelwe iimbono ngokuchasene kwimigaqo zemveli yokuziphatha kunye nemilinganiselo. Ekuqaleni iipunks lempucuko ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze bandiqumbise ukubonakala esidlangalaleni: engaqhelekanga umbala iinwele, iinwele wasemzini, okutenxileyo ubudenge kunye nesimbo ezahlukeneyo yokunxiba, kodwa ekugqibeleni waqala kusetyenziswa neendlela ezinamandla ngakumbi yempembelelo ngokusebenzisa imixholo ubundlobongela kunye nokufa.

Ukuhanjiswa ingenelisi

Le subculture iye yavela kwi US kwi 60s wawaneka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngaxa lithile isusela beatniks ingenelisi, udidi oluphakathi, nto leyo ubenegalelo inzalelwane eqela ixesha elide. Ezi American subculture isabelo isici esasenza - a iqapheleka amagama ideology. Izinto ezisisiseko isimbo okanye ingenelisi kaBiko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukuthula kunye ubudlova. Pacifism yaba kwiimbono ephambili yale leehippie. Kungenxa yoko le nto amalungu eli qela yahlukile ukungaluxabisi igunya, namdla kwezopolitiko, ngenxa yokuba abalawuli sivuselelane imfazwe kunye namandla abantu ukuba balwe.
2. Self-uphuhliso kunye entsha exabisekileyo. Ezi nkalo ziye yokusabela ukuya anozizi kuluntu abaninzi.
3. lula ngabom, okt utshintsho ukusuka nobomi obutofotofo kwintlupheko, kukulahlwa kwezinto eziphathekayo.
4. Iziyobisi, amalinge ngokwesondo, abahambahambayo, imithendeleko, Thethani - konke oku iimpawu ezininzi ngokumangalisayo ingenelisi lempucuko kuluntu.
5. Kubudlelwano - inkalo ezikhethekileyo subculture ingenelisi njengoko abanye abazange balandele le ndlela yokuziphatha.

Hipsters

Kwakukho le subculture kolutsha USSR ngasekupheleni-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngaloo ndlela ulutsha eSoviet wavakalisa iingcinga loqhankqalazo yoluntu. Eyona ndlela iphambili iiMDO baba ngokulinganisa beemfama nesimbo West nase-United States. Nangona dudes ujonge caricature: ibhulukhwe ezibanzi imibala eqaqambileyo, baggy iidyasi kabini-breast, izihlangu kunye ekuncothukeni kweentende zeenyawo lalingqingqwa kwaye umnqwazi kunye udini ebanzi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba banxibe imibala eqaqambileyo, phuhlu phantsi bhulukhwe yakhe. Lo mfanekiso original kakhulu kwaye intlanganisela eliqaqambileyo imibala akukho namnye bakhathazeka.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kufutshane kunyaka-yama-50, dudes nosweleyo batshintsha umfanekiso wabo. Baqala ke ukuba banxibe ibhulukhwe gingci kunye iibhatyi cut ebukekayo kunye emagxeni ezibanzi, neqhina esibhityileyo entanyeni yakhe, kakade, nabriolinennymi "ukupheka." Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umfanekiso othile kuphela amakhwenkwe, amantombazana, dudes baba isinxibo uhlaza oqaqambileyo okanye isondo lengubo senziwa, izihlangu ayemxinwa ezitsolo yaye kwenziwa makeup eliqaqambileyo. Society akazange avumele uphuhliso yale subculture kwi-USSR ngecala ngamandla kwaye atshutshiswe amalungu eli qela ezimibalabala.

inendlela social

Inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, le intsha xa usiko lwe yoluntu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Imizekelo ezinjalo usiko njengoko "green" okanye "abathetheli isilwanyana" ukufundisa isizukulwana esitsha ukunceda indalo kunye nokhathalelo kokusingqongileyo. Kodwa omnye mfundo akusoloko ngokwaneleyo ukufundisa elivisayo uxanduva. Kufuneka ukuqhelisela ukubonisa umsebenzi "usiko ezintle." Isizukulwana esitsha aniswele kuphela theorems kunye elikuwo, kunye nezenzo zabo ukuhlanganiswa kunye neziphumo, kungenjalo esingalaziyo imfuneko imisebenzi elungileyo.

Lempucuko, ethandwayo kuluntu lwanamhlanje

inendlela Criminal (rockers, yepunks emo, namaqela, njalo njalo) sele ukulahlekelwa emhlabeni eRashiya. Kahle nolaka ngokuthe aphume fashion. In search of imiyalelo ezintsha aselula qulunqa indlela yayo mihla. Umzekelo, subculture futering abaqhubeki wabonakala ezimbi, ukuze le nkampani, esazi kakuhle kakhulu. Amalungu eqela ulutsha musa anxibe izihlangu kuyo nayiphi na imozulu.

Ngenxa ukusasazeka ngeentlobo Internet liya ikhula subculture of nabadlala. Ulutsha lwanamhlanje beqhubeka bazifihla eyenzekayo kweli hlabathi virtual. Abantwana abaninzi abaselula sele ukuphatha ukholosile tablets, abafundi neselula. Kodwa indawo ikakhulu zobuxoki ukuthabatheka kokwenene, ukunyanzelisa abazali babo ukugcina ixesha labo kunye nomgudu. Ngapha koko, xa umntwana uxakekile ukudlala imidlalo yekhompyutha, akunamsebenzi kufuna ingqalelo kunye nokhathalelo kakhulu. Enyanisweni, ingxaki yale subculture linzulu kakhulu, kwaye abazali kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba athathe amanyathelo ezithile ukuba umntwana lowo umdlalo okanye ikhompyutha likhoboka lazo.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo imikhwa ulutsha lwangoku

usiko oluthile loLutsha yehlabathi owayephila luphawulwa ngokwandisa inani lemisebenzi bombutho. Ukongeza, ulutsha lwanamhlanje nalapha ngaphakatyhi sokuvalwa kwizikhewu ezikule ye Internet. Bona ayilindele kuthungelwano lwe-nye nonke, kuququzelela intlanganiso, nezabelo. Kukho ezintathu orientation intlalo-ezixabisekileyo usiko mihla:

1. ulwalathiso Prosocial: benchmarks subculture nemidlalo eshukumayo role-idlala.
2. ulwalathiso lukhona: punk, isinyithi, emo kunye amahippie.
3. amaqela lukhona, ezifana abadala inendlela yolwaphulo: namaqela ngohlobo lwabo olukhulu.

Sifaneleka subculture ulutsha kwaye ukufakwa leqela kubomi umfana. Kukho imisebenzi zokuziphatha kunye neqela. Kwimeko yokuqala, abakwishumi elivisayo unamathela uphawu kwiqela ekhethiweyo kwesimbo wesinxibo, ukuziphatha kunye nonxibelelwano. iindawo ezinjalo zisingathwa ukuba abandakanyeke kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi. Ezi ziquka Emo, hipsters yaye ukulungele. Ngamanye amazwi, isizukulwana abaselula iza kutshintsha kuphela umfanekiso zangaphandle kunye nendlela yokuziphatha.

Imisebenzi usiko oluthile - ezo kuluntu asekelwe amkhanuke ukuba umsebenzi ethile efuna izinto ezithile. Eli qela ziquka parkurschikov, graffistov, abathathi-nxaxheba.

Yintoni ezitsala usiko zolutsha

Youth subculture kumgangatho buqu - le yindlela ukuphumeza ukuzithemba offset isimo sengqondo abanye ngokwabo. Ukunganeliseki kunye nendlela yabo yokuziphatha, umzimba, imigangatho ukungafani ubufazi okanye ubudoda. Lempucuko, uluhlu apho likhulu nolwahlukileyo, avumele abantu abaselula ukuba babambelele i aura ingakumbi abulala abantu.

izizathu Socio-ngokwasengqondweni ingqalelo indlela sikweni enomtsalane esifuna uxanduva, ukunyamezela nokuzimisela, ngokuchaseneyo Generally yini na iimfuno zoluntu. Kukho iziphumo ezintathu kangangoko nefuthe elihle kwezentlalo of usiko zolutsha:

1. Ukuziqhelanisa HIV, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kwi zentlalo nenkcubeko self-determination, self-ukuqonda kunye nokulinga anomdla imifanekiso, isimbo zokuziphatha njalo njalo.
2. ulwalathiso negative Socio-, nto leyo ifumaneka wokujoyina usiko oluthile lolwaphulo-mthetho, eziyingozi, iziyobisi kunye notywala.
3. Eyedwa, isiqhelo ezigxekayo wabonakaliswa ubalekele iqiniso, ukuzithethelela ukuziphatha kwakhe bobusana, ukuphepha ezenkcubeko kunye nezentlalo.

Zeziphi iindawo ngabona lempucuko esithile imisele nzima kakhulu. I nzima kakhulu ukubona nendlela osichaphazela ngayo umfanekiso ubomi babantu. ezenzekayo ngoku zibandakanya ulutsha ukwahluka kwalo kunye nenkangeleko odelelayo kunye nokuziphatha. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ubulungu iqela elithile yoluntu - into idla idlule. usiko oluthile Ngokomthetho umdlalo iqala eneminyaka 13 ukuya kwiminyaka 19 idlula. Xa oku iminyaka, umntu omnye etshintsha zokuzonwabisa okanye reinterprets amaxabiso yobomi. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko komyinge nobudala, umzekelo, rockers subculture akukho xesha limisiweyo. Unako ukuhlangabezana abaqolileyo nabantu phakathi abameli kule ndawo, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu nangaphezulu. Bahlala okwenyaniso ukuba iinkanuko zawo kolutsha lilalele ukuba rock umculo okanye ukudlala amaqela. Njengomgaqo, a rockers subculture ngabo abantu ebomini abadala ukuba ukulungele ukuba ubomi uxanduva ezizimeleyo.

Ezi mpawu ezizodwa ziquka usiko intsha inconstancy yabo yokuziphatha. elivisayo ezininzi psyche ezingazinzanga, apho ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwindlela ubuhlobo babo kunye nabazali babo. Ukuba ubuhlobo nabantu abasondeleyo kuye kwizikolo ezikude, amathuba ukuba umntwana uza kuwa phantsi kwempembelelo ngaphandle, ziyanda. Ngapha koko, le bhungu kufuneka incoko yababini, iingcebiso kunye nokuqonda. Ukuba usapho akafumani konke oku, uya kufuna inkxaso kwisangqa abantu abasondeleyo ngomoya kunye nomdla. Amaxesha amaninzi ukuziphatha diviantnoe womntwana xa elivisayo lu dityanisiwe umzekelo ihlwempu ngaphandle. Kungaba TV, embi izinto namaqabane kwi nkampani njalo-njalo. Ukuze uphephe nefuthe elibi umntwana, abazali kufuneka ukuseka uqhagamshelwano okanye uzobe le njongo osemtsha abadala.

Imithombo ukuvela usiko e Russia

Ulutsha Russian usiko inkangeleko ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Kule minyaka 15-20 edlulileyo, kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantwana kunye noluntu abadala unenzondelelo iinguqu ezinkulu. Ukungafihlisikuthetha kwiinkcubeko Koloni naseMpuma baphenjelelwa ngamandla inqubo yabantu, isisombululo izithethe ezininzi, ubudlelwane ezizinzileyo, ixabiso abemi Russian. Ubuncinane ngayo kakhulu ubomi babantu kunye revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe ezitsha, nto leyo ikakhulu enxulumene ne ukuvela iziganeko ezifana iikhompyutha, mobile phones,-intanethi.

Ngokomthetho subculture ulutsha saa izenzekele. Nangona kube elaneleyo kwandiswa igalelo eendaba, iqela, nabasunguli, njalo-njalo. Kukho enye indlela - Imibutho yorhwebo kunye nolutsha asisiseko iintlobo zolonwabo ulutsha, ekhoyo izenzekele, kunye nokudala imibutho ulwalathiso. Njengoko umzekelo umdaniso esitalatweni. Kodwa inkqubo nazo zifuna indlela ethile ekhethekileyo. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba intsebenziswano kunye informals ezinokuba HIV kufuneka kwenziwe yimithetho emithathu: kufuneka kukulungelelanisa kunye neenkokheli, banike yonke into eyimfuneko ukuze iziganeko kunye nokulawula nokuthintelwa yokuziphatha kunye nemisebenzi yenziwe ngexesha izenzo.

Strategy for imisebenzi zolutsha

Ukuba sicinga imisebenzi olutsha ngakwicala lemfundo loluntu, ukuze sikwazi ukubona iindlela ezintathu zokufundisa. Musa ukunikela ingqalelo, musa ukuba abekele umthondo zidityaniswe zibe kubomi bentlalo kuphela emva koko ukusebenza, okanye ukuhlalutya izakhono usiko zolutsha ngokwemiqathango iindlela ezongezelelweyo zemfundo siwasebenzise iimfuno zophuhliso kwabantwana nabafikisayo.

Namandla usiko zolutsha ngokumalunga yemfundo kukuba iintlobo kunye neentlobo umsebenzi abafikisayo kunye nabantu abatsha, nokuba nasiphi na isigaba wezemfundo imvelo ulutsha ezamahala, ibe neziphumo lwentlalo. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa lezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokufundisa.

Enyanisweni, iindlela zokufundisa mihla phantse akukho ukunxibelelana nala kulutsha kunye teen uluntu. Ukongeza, le umfowunelwa kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kwiinkampu ehlotyeni, imibutho abantwana kunye neze kwizikolo eziziisekondari.

Njengomgaqo, indlela yokuphila, indlela yokuziphatha kunye neempawu ongaphandle usiko abantwana kunye nabantu abatsha kuhlawulwa ngendlela embi, nto leyo ebangele ukuba ukulingiswa elikhutheleyo nabammeli bezi ndawo zokuhlala inxalenye ethile bekhala ngayo ulutsha. Oku, wanika zavelisa ukunwenwa kwezi usiko ngaphaya kwilizwe elinye. Kunjalo, Ukwahluka kunye nezinye iimpawu usiko gqitha iimeko ngokobuzwe nezentlalo. Umzekelo, ukuba amahippie Soviet njengezi amalungu ale subculture yamazwe aseNtshona. A namaqela mihla Russian zahlukile kakhulu ukusuka namaqela yokuqala UK.

imingcelele kolutsha kumazwe Koloni kwiminyaka 60-70, kwaye kwisithuba eSoviet nasemva yiSoviet kwisiqingatha sesibini 90 ziye zakhokelela nje ukunciphisa umsebenzi karhulumente phakathi kwabantu abatsha, kodwa waba kuphuhliso imikhwa ezithile ukungazinanzi. A isici esasenza ihlabathi lanamhlanje kukwandisa inani yoqhankqalazo of usiko zolutsha, kwakunye neendlela ngeendlela. Ngenxa yoko, sinokuthi kukho usiko ezintsha apho luhlu uyakhula.