Indlela ukukhumbula okokuqala funda: ngempumelelo kunye neziphakamiso

Ngoxa egqibile ukufunda isiqendu - isiqingatha entlokweni yam ... Eqhelekileyo? Le ngxaki bajongene phantse bonke abafundi kunye nabafundi. Isibakala sokuba ingqondo yomntu ayikho icwangciselwe kwi ukubamba, yaye inkoliso noko kubhaliweyo kule ncwadi, isikakhulu kubonwa ingxolo - nenkcazelo engenamsebenzi, nguwuphi na lugcinwe kwinkumbulo. Kodwa ukuba uyazi indlela yokusebenzisa ezi ndlela, unako ukufunda ukulawula indlela inkqubo ze baqonde ukuba ngentloko njani ukufunda ngayo kwixesha lokuqala.

imemori Science

Phambi kokuba naluphi na ulwazi iwela lwethu "hard drive", udlula ngendlela entsonkothileyo yaye ufakwa processing-level multi. Eyokuqala kwezi iindlela bafunda kwaye uchaze nzulu waseJamani UHerman Ebbinghaus. Wayifanisa ezingundoqo iinkqubo 4 memory: zokunkqaya, ulondolozo, marekhodi kanye le mihla ingalibaleki.

Indlela engcono ukukhumbula ukufunda? Kulo mzekelo, ukubaluleka zezi amanqanaba ezimbini zokuqala. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile kokuhlolisisa ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Ukugcinwa - na imprinting ngokuzenzekelayo ezachaphazela izivamvo. Kule meko ixesha elithile kwi neuron igcinwe, azafunyanelwa ndawo excitation kubefundisi pulses zombane. Vele ubeke, yonke into esiyibonayo, uve uze uzive, eshiya imizila emzimbeni engqondweni yethu.

Oku kwahlukile kunokwenzeka. Xa ebuntwaneni umntwana isebenze inkqubo ukuwakhumbula ngokuzenzekelayo. Zonke sigcina umzuzwana izibakala akazange azame ukuba ukukhumbula: uhamba epakini kweminyaka emi-5, umhla wokuqala, imifanekiso bhanya oyithandayo ... buyinto umdla kukuba akukho yonke sikhumbula kakuhle ngokulinganayo. Kutheni le nto isenzeka?

Konke kuxhomekeke ngamandla pulses zombane, ngoko eyona sikhumbule kuphela iindidi ezithile ulwazi:

• oko kubalulekile (iintlungu xa ubeke isandla sakho emlilweni);
• engaqhelekanga, iziganeko bala kunye nemifanekiso (yesinxibo eliqaqambileyo kwi umdlali zomkhosi);
• Iinkcukacha ezinxulumene umdla zethu kunye neemfuno (a iresiphi of izitya okumnandi);
• nolwazi olufunekayo ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa iinjongo (iimpendulo ezichanekileyo uvavanyo).

90% indlela kakuhle ezinye iinkcukacha ezifakwe kwimemori kuxhomekeke ngokweembono zethu. I lokuqala yintoni eyabangela iimvakalelo ezinamandla (kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle) okanye inzala.

Ukongeza, kukho nokucengceleza ngabom - kanye ukuba inkqubo apho sizama ngabom ukuba "samaxesha" iinkcukacha ezithile ezifana kumhla incwadi yembali okanye inani ebalulekileyo yefowuni.

Gcina - le nkqubo yonyango, ziguqule nokugcina ulwazi olutsha kwiingingqi ezithile zobuchopho.

Okokuqala, yonke idatha kweyela "eziphahle" imemori. Apha umbandela igcinwe ixesha elifutshane ngendlela yayo yoqobo. Kodwa ulwazi isigaba esilandelayo luyasetyenzwa, unxulunyaniswa sele kwaziwa, kulula kwaye ingena kwinkumbulo yexesha elide. Eyona nzima kakhulu ukunqanda igqwethwe okanye ukuthintela ingqondo ukudibanisa izibakala non-alukho okanye "ndimlahlele phandle" ezi zihlandlo engundoqo. Ukwazi yonke le nto, kulula kakhulu ukuba baqonde ukuba ngentloko indlela ukufunda ixesha lokuqala.

Beka iinjongo ezicacileyo

Nokuba ufunda ngenyameko yaye uhlaziywe, perelistnuv iphepha, uya ngenkankulu kukwazi ukuphinda uyixoxe iinkcukacha ngezinto nje bafunda.

Xa wengqondo yesiYugoslav kwinkulungwane XIX P. Radossavlevich waqhuba umfuniselo umdla. Umngeni ukuba wajamelana uvavanyo kukugcina ubuya iisilabhili ububhanxa. Ngokuqhelekileyo bophindo eziliqela kwakufuneka kulo. Ke injongo itshintshile - ngoku kwakufuneka nje ukufunda nokubhala. Uvavanyo lwenziwa njengoko 46 (!) Times, kodwa xa experimenter wabuza ukuba phinda inani ngu ngentliziyo, akaba nako ukuyenza loo nto. Kodwa kamsinya ndaqonda ukuba kwafuneka bafunde - kwathabatha izihlandlo ezi-6 kuphela Ndaqinisekisa iisilabhili ukuba balibalise ngokuchanekileyo kubo. Kuthetha ntoni oku?

Ukuze siqonde indlela yokufunda, ukufunda isixhobo memory, kuyimfuneko ukubeka usukelo ecacileyo - ukukhumbula izinto.

Apha kwakhona, unamaqhinga alo. Eyona njongo ephambili kufuneka yahlulwe imisebenzi ezikhethekileyo ngaphezulu. Ngamafutshane, ukhetha yintoni abaza kujolisa kuso. Kwenye imeko, ukubeka izibakala ngokwaneleyo ezisisiseko kwezinye - ezilandelelanayo, kwaye eyesithathu - khumbula igama kwisicatshulwa ukuze ngelizwi. Ngoko ke ingqondo sele ufunda ukuqala 'amakhonkco' abo ukunceda ukhumbule ulwazi oludingayo.

Yenza i bume

Kwaye siqhubeka ukuxoxa ukuba uyigcine ngendlela itekisi zifundwe kwi itrayi lokuqala. Okokuqala wakhangela kufuna "Into etyabulayo". Kwigumbi lokufundela enengxolo okanye ingqalelo zezithuthi zikawonke saa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ukushiye nakubona ukuba kubhaliweyo kule ncwadi.

Ukuze ukutshonisa ngokupheleleyo bona kule nkqubo, uyacebiswa ukuba ahlale kwigumbi cwaka okanye ukufumana indawo esekusithekeni kwindawo ethile emaphandleni - apho uya kuba iziphazamiso.

Ukubandakanya ekukhethwa kusasa, xa intloko sisasebenza sicocekile njengoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ulwazi entsha ezifunyenwe kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

Xoxa nabahlobo bakho

Nangona abantu abaninzi abayithandi ezibeka kwiiklasi iincwadi esikolweni, oko - enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuba ukufunda. Njengoko kumgocagoca kuko kutshanje ukufunda, ingqondo usebenzisa imijelo ezimbini kwangoko ukukhumbula luvelise - ezibonwayo kunye ekuva (iingxoxo).

bhetele, ukuba ngaba kukho kuya noko ukubafuna, ekulungele ukuxhasa ingxoxo. Ngexesha leengxoxo ngezibakala eziphambili iingxoxo ezifana "ziqhutywa" kukhunjulwa bahlala apho ixesha elide. Kwamanye amazwe, azi- abathandi eziqhelekileyo ukufunda apho nxaxheba babutha kanye ukuze baxoxe Funda nokwabelana ngamava.

Ukufunda indlela ukufunda

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukufunda indlela ngentloko ukufunda kwixesha lokuqala, kuqala kufuneka usebenze ubuchule ukufunda. Musa ukulibala ukuba indima enkulu ukukhumbula inkumbulo ebonakalayo: kuwe engqondweni "ifoto" page, kwaye ukuba awukwazi ukukhumbula into - kufuneka nje ukuba angenise loku, kunye nolwazi oluyimfuneko ngokwalo pops up entlokweni yam. Ukuze sikwazi ukufikelela nokuphumeza njani oku?

1. Musa ukuqala kwangoko ukuqonda intsingiselo yegama ngalinye kwaye mabazame ukuquka yonke imboniselo page.
2. Ukunyusa isantya ukufunda. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba ngokukhawuleza umntu efunda isicatshulwa, ngcono ukugaya ulwazi. Zama ukwandisa indawo ingqwalasela ukuba 'isixhwile "Musa ukukhangela omnye, kodwa amazwi ubuncinane 2-3. Unako kwakhona ubhalisele izifundo zokufunda isantya apho uya kufunda ukufunda kwikonw ngekona.
3. Xa isaziso uyaphazamiseka yaye ngamanye Isiqwenga, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, musa kubuyela kuye ukufunda. Loo "utsiba" kuphazamise izinto ziqhele ezifunekayo. Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda lo mhlathi ukuya ekupheleni, uze ufunde kwakhona ngokupheleleyo.
4. Bangakwazi ukuyeka lo mkhwa engqondweni avakalise isigwebo okanye ukuhambisa ngomlomo wakhe. Ngenxa yokuba nemikhwa ezi labantwana, ingqondo ayikwazi kunikela ingqalelo okubhaliweyo, kwaye bachitha yinxalenye izibonelelo zokuxhasa "Izithethi yangaphakathi" bakho.

Kwiiyure zokuqala 3-4 yinto engaqhelekanga kwaye kunzima. Kodwa xa wena sazakha, uya kwandisa nje isantya ukufunda, kodwa kwakhona ubungakanani ulwazi lafika ilixa, nizikhumbule ukususela kwixesha lokuqala.

ukubhala amanqaku

Enye indlela ukukhumbula ubudala ekuqaleni. Ukuba nje ukutsibela jikelele kwitekisi, kodwa ukusebenza loo eziphathekayo ubuncinane bhala phantsi iingongoma eziphambili kwi kamva oku ithegi lula ukukhumbula ulwazi oludingayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba athabathe njani amanqaku, ngenxa yokuba kungekho inkqubo ethile nje bangabopheleleki imfumba izibakala zale ncwadi. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa ukuba ungasebenzisa:

• Ngokwamaqela. Zonke izinto iyahlulwahlulwa ngamaqhekeza amancinci, ezithi ke ngoko zidityanisiwe ngokungqinelana izimo (isifundo, ixesha nexesha, imibutho njalo njalo. D.).
• Plan. Kuba inxenye ngamnye wesicatshulwa (umhlathi, isahluko, okanye icandelo icandelo) kukho amanqaku amafutshane, ezisetyenziswa njengamanqaku inkxaso kunceda ukubuyisela imixholo yonke. Ifomati ingaba nantoni: imiyalezo eziphambili, izihloko, imizekelo okanye imibuzo kwisicatshulwa.
• Yokuhlela. Kuthatha uhlobo imizobo okanye ezitafileni. It ivumela ukuba ukusasaza izinto okanye iziganeko kweekhonsepthi ezisekelwe iimpawu eziqhelekileyo amaqela kunye kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo.
• Schematization. Ukusebenzisa iibhloko umbhalo, iintolo kunye namanani ziboniswa ubudlelwane elula phakathi ezahlukeneyo izinto iinkqubo, kunye neziganeko.
• Association. into nganye yesicwangciso okanye ithisisi obuphathelele njengesiqhelo, ezicacileyo okanye nje indlela ekhumbulekayo, esiza 'ukuvuselela "kwimemori ngeseleyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, musa ukuba bazibandakanye. Khumbula, oku kwakhona isishwankathelo epheleleyo, kunye nemiqondiso ezincinane, nto leyo eya kukukhokela iingcinga kwicala elifanelekileyo.

5 best ubuchule ukuwakhumbula esebenzayo

Ke ngoku ngenxa ezininzi "nencasa" kwaye intetho malunga ukukhumbula indlela endala okokuqala, ngaphandle uqeqesho. Mhlawumbi baye bafumana imbono zokukukhumbuza - ezahlukeneyo ubuchule ezinceda sikwetyise ulwazi oluninzi ngexeshana elifutshane.

1. ngeso

Xa ufunda kufuneka ngokucace kangangoko ukuba nomfanekiso zonke iziganeko kunye ngezenzeko echazwe kwisicatshulwa. Le mifanekiso ngaphezulu 'bayaphila' nangokweemvakalelo, ngcono.

2. Creative Association

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa ukuba zizakhele kubo - yobuciko. Kukho 5 "yegolide" imithetho, ekufuneka ngqo lula ukukhumbula naluphi na ulwazi:

• Musa ukucinga. Sebenzisa umfanekiso yokuqala eyafika engqondweni.
• Associations kufuneka ube necandelo kakhulu emphefumlweni.
• Yiba nomfanekiso wena umlinganiswa ophambili (umzekelo, ukuba kukho lemon yalala phezu kwetafile - zama "ukudla" kuyo).
• Faka engenangqondo.
• Ngaba ukufumana i 'umfanekiso' etyeni.

Zisebenza njani? Masithi ufundisisa ulwalathiso yokudweba kwaye ufuna ukukhumbula oko pointillism. Ngokufutshane: Kule fomu omnye zeniyo-impressionism apho umfanekiso siqulathe ezininzi iingongoma eqaqambileyo ifomu echanekileyo (umseki - Pierre Georges sulfur). Loluphi uhlobo lombutho onokucinga ngayo? Khawucinge webhaleyi, pointe into unesandla kwi ipeyinti ezijikelezayo ekungqungqeni, ewushiya kwindawo umfanekiso amachaphaza multi-elimbala. Uhlabela mgama yaye ngempazamo wenzakele emlenzeni neselwa sulphur etyheli, ezingadibenanga kunye isithonga. Ngoko yethu ubudlelwane: eziflethi okanye ezitsolo kunye amatshatshazi - pointillism, isikhongozelo kunye engwevu - Georges-Pierre Seurat.

3. Indlela phindo I. A. Korsakova

Le ndlela isekelwe kwinto yokuba inxalenye enkulu ulwazi siyazilibala phantse ngephanyazo. Noko ke, ukuba izinto iphindiwe rhoqo, ukuba zigxile kwimemori. Into ekufuneka uyikhumbule?

1. ulwazi entsha kufuneka uphindaphindwe kwimizuzwana engama-20 emva kokuba bezibona yayo (kwimeko Isiqwenga enkulu zetekisi - up to umzuzu).
2. Ebudeni Fundisa ngosuku lokuqala izihlandlo izinto eziliqela imizuzu eli-15-20, ngoko - emva kweeyure 8-9 yaye ekugqibeleni emva kweeyure ezingama-24.
3. Khumbula ukufunda ixesha elide, kufuneka uphinde okubhaliweyo izihlandlo eziliqela ngeveki - ngomhla we-4 kunye th 7.

Le nqubo ilula kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye iluncedo ngendlela emangalisayo. iphinda rhoqo unika ingqondo ukuze aqonde ukuba ayikho nje ulwazi ingxolo kunye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo rhoqo iyasetyenziswa.

4. Indlela uCicero

A indlela luncedo kwabo bafuna ukwazi ukugcina njani inkcazelo funda encwadini. Undoqo ilula. Ungakhetha uhlobo "base" - umzekelo, imeko indlu yakho. Khumbula ukuba uqale njani kusasa yakho, yintoni kwaye yintoni ngokulandelelana oyenzayo. Emva koku, isenzo ngasinye kuyimfuneko 'abophe "iqhekeza elithile lokubhaliweyo - kwakhona, ngoncedo lwemibutho. Ngoko ke uya ukhumbule kuphela iziyobisi kodwa ngokulandelelana ntetho inkcazelo.

Masithi icandelo kwi kwimbali ekufundeni, unako engqondweni "bazobe" isiganeko idabi phezu kwetafile kwebhedi okanye "thumela" Columbus betyhila isithuba kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

5. Indlela pictograms

Lungisa iphepha blank kunye nepeni. Ekunene kwinkqubo yokufunda kufuneka ukuba bamakishe engqondweni la amagama kunye obala. umsebenzi wakho - ukuza ngasinye igrafiki-i icon encinane esikhumbuza ukuba le nto ngazo. Akukho mfuneko ukwenza wesakhiwo okanye, icala, imifanekiso eneenkcukacha kakhulu, kungenjalo awuyi kuba nako baqwalasele kwisicatshulwa iqhele ukhumbule. Xa ufikelela ekupheleni komhlathi okanye isahluko, zama ukukhangela kuphela kwi ii icon, ukuze ufunde nithethe kuphela isicatshulwa.